The flag of Madagascar was adopted on 14 October 1958, two years before the independence of that nation, as Madagascar prepared for a referendum on its status in the French Community.
Albert Zafy was a Malagasy politician and educator who served as President of Madagascar from 27 March 1993 to 5 September 1996. In 1988, he founded the National Union for Democracy and Development (UNDD).
Didier Ignace Ratsiraka was a Malagasy politician and naval officer who was President of Madagascar from 1975 to 1993 and from 1997 to 2002. At the time of his death, he was the longest-serving President of Madagascar.
General Marcel Razanakombana Ranjeva is a Malagasy politician. He was the Minister of Defense in the government of Madagascar under President Didier Ratsiraka until he resigned on March 8, 2002, and pledged his support to Marc Ravalomanana, the opposition presidential candidate who claimed to have won the December 2001 presidential election. Ravalomanana appointed Ranjeva as Minister of Foreign Affairs in May 2002, and he remained Foreign Minister until Ravalomanana's ouster in March 2009. He was succeeded by Ny Hasina Andriamanjato on March 23, 2009; he was present for the ceremony transferring control of the ministry and wished Andriamanjato luck.
The Association for the Rebirth of Madagascar (AREMA) or Pillar and Structure for the Salvation of Madagascar is a political party in Madagascar.
Norbert Lala Ratsirahonana is a Malagasy politician.
René Tantely Gabrio Andrianarivo was a Malagasy politician who was Prime Minister of Madagascar from 23 July 1998 to 31 May 2002, under President Didier Ratsiraka.
Didier is a French masculine given name and surname common throughout the Romance languages. It comes from the Ancient Roman names Didius and Desiderius.
Iarovana Roland Ratsiraka is a Malagasy politician.
Richard Mahitsison Andriamanjato was a Malagasy politician.
The Malagasy Republic was a state situated in Southeast Africa. It was established in 1958 as an autonomous republic within the newly created French Community, became fully independent in 1960, and existed until the proclamation of the Democratic Republic of Madagascar in 1975.
Presidential elections were held in Madagascar on 3 November 1996, with a second round on 29 December 1996. The election followed the impeachment of incumbent President Albert Zafy and the appointment of his interim successor, Norbert Ratsirahonana.
Pascal Joseph Rakotomavo was a Malagasy politician. He was the Prime Minister of Madagascar from 21 February 1997 to 23 July 1998.
Monja Jaona (1910-1994) was a Malagasy politician and early nationalist who significantly drove political events on the island during his lifetime. He was a member of Jiny, a militant nationalist group formed in southern Madagascar in the 1940s that sided with MDRM during the ultimately unsuccessful Malagasy Uprising of 1947 against French rule. The colonial government imprisoned him from 1946 to 1950 for his affiliation with Jiny. He formed the Madagascar for the Malagasy (MONIMA) party in 1958 and successfully campaigned for the seat of mayor in Toliara, a position he held from 1959 to 1961. He came to view president Philibert Tsiranana and his Social Democratic Party (PSD) supporters as unduly favorable to continued French interests on the island after independence in 1960. Jaona instigated the 1971-72 rotaka farmer and student protests that successfully forced Tsiranana's resignation.
The Democratic Republic of Madagascar was a socialist state that existed on the island of Madagascar from 1975 until 1992.
Guy Willy Razanamasy was a Malagasy politician who served as Prime Minister of Madagascar from 1991 to 1993.
The Charter of the Malagasy Socialist Revolution was the guiding document of the Democratic Republic of Madagascar, established by the "Red Admiral" Didier Ratsiraka, President of Madagascar and head of the Supreme Revolutionary Council from 1975 to 1993. The Charter was commonly known as the Red Book or the Little Red Book due to the colour of the standard issue's cover (and in possible reference to the Quotations from Chairman Mao Tse-tung, known popularly as Mao's Little Red Book).
Marie Gisèle Aimée Rabesahala was a Malagasy politician and activist who was the first woman to hold a ministerial position in the government of Madagascar. She entered politics at the age of 17, campaigning on behalf of political prisoners, and becoming Madagascar's first woman municipal councilor, before becoming the first Malagasy woman to establish and lead a political party. She was a committed Marxist and co-founded the communist Congress Party for the Independence of Madagascar, which took power in 1975. In 1977 she became Madagascar's first female minister, responsible for promoting revolutionary art and culture, but lost her job in 1991 when her ministry was abolished in the course of Madagascar's return to multi-party democracy. She remained an active political campaigner and journalist until her death in 2011.
Céline Marthe Ratsiraka is a Malagasy politician, political figure, and widow of former President Didier Ratsiraka. Ratsiraka is the longest tenured First Lady of Madagascar in the country's history, having held the position from 1975 to 1993 and from 1997 until 2002. She was an influential figure within the ruling Association for the Rebirth of Madagascar (AREMA) from the 1970s to the 1990s, especially within the party's left-wing.
Rakotonirina is a Malagasy surname.
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