The Register of Protected Natural Values of the Republic of Croatia (Croatian : Upisnik zaštićenih prirodnih vrijednosti) has been created according to the Nature Protection Act (Croatian Zakon o zaštiti prirode) in 2005 (Ch. III/5, OG 70/05 [1] with amendments in 2008, OG 139/08 [2] ). The register is being administered by the Administration for Nature Protection (Croatian : Uprava za zaštitu prirode Ministarstva kulture) within the Croatian Ministry of Culture (Croatian : Ministarstvo kulture). The register serves as a reference database and unique official data source about protected areas in Croatia. The data in this register is public with the exception of special cases of confidentiality regarding the position of certain protected natural goods. The Nature Protection Act stipulates nine categories of protected areas.
Croatian is the standardized variety of the Serbo-Croatian language used by Croats, principally in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Serbian province of Vojvodina, and other neighboring countries. It is the official and literary standard of Croatia and one of the official languages of the European Union. Croatian is also one of the official languages of Bosnia and Herzegovina and a recognized minority language in Serbia and neighboring countries.
The Ministry of Culture is a ministry of the Croatian government in charge of preserving the country's natural and cultural heritage and overseeing its development. The ministry in its present form was created in 1994 in the Cabinet of Nikica Valentić, as the culture portfolio had previously been part of the Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports (1990–93) and the Ministry of Culture and Education (1993–94).
According to the Register, within the Republic of Croatia 461 nature sites are protected in different categories, of which 12 are under preventive protection. [3] The protected areas cover 8.51% of the total surface out of which 11.32% belong to the continental territory and 3.38% to the Croatian maritime area. The largest part of the protected surface are the nature parks (3.71% of the total state territory). [4] Plitvice Lakes National Park is so far the only protected nature area that has also been added to the UNESCO World Heritage.
Plitvice Lakes National Park is one of the oldest and largest national parks in Croatia. In 1979, Plitvice Lakes National Park was added to the UNESCO World Heritage register.
A World Heritage Site is a landmark or area which is selected by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) as having cultural, historical, scientific or other form of significance, and is legally protected by international treaties. The sites are judged important to the collective interests of humanity.
The Croatian constitution stipulates that the protection of natural heritage needs to be regulated according to the constitution and laws of the Republic of Croatia (art. 2). [5]
As regards nature protection, the Croatian constitution stipulates: [6]
Article 3 The protection of nature and the human environment belong among others to the highest values of the constitutional rights of the Republic of Croatia and are a foundation for interpreting the constitution.
Očuvanje prirode i čovjekova okoliša između ostalih najviše su vrednote ustavnog poretka Republike Hrvatske i temelj za tumačenje Ustava.
Furthermore, the constitution stipulates:
Article 52
The sea, the coast and islands, waters, airspace, mining resources and other natural treasures, but also land property, woods, plants and animals, other parts of nature, immovable property and items of particular cultural, historic, economic and ecologic significance, which are of interest for the Republic of Croatia according to law, have its particular protection.
More, morska obala i otoci, vode, zračni prostor, rudno blago i druga prirodna bogatstva, ali i zemljište, šume, biljni i životinjski svijet, drugi dijelovi prirode, nekretnine i stvari od osobitog kulturnoga, povijesnog, gospodarskog i ekološkog značenja, za koje je zakonom određeno da su od interesa za Republiku Hrvatsku, imaju njezinu osobitu zaštitu.
The Croatian State Institute for Nature Protection (Croatian Državni zavod za zaštitu prirode, DZZP) is the responsible national institution for nature protection. It has been established by governmental decree in 2002 (OG 126/02). According to the Nature Protection Act (Croatian Zakon o zaštiti prirode) the institute is centrally responsible for specialized nature protection activities in Croatia (OG 70/05 [7] and OG 139/08 [8] ).
The Nature Protection Act stipulates nine categories of protected areas. The national categories largely correspond to the internationally recognized IUCN protected area categories. [9]
The table below lists the protected area category, the management level and the proclaiming body.
Protection category | Intent | Management level | Proclaiming body |
STRICT RESERVE | Conserve intact nature, monitor the state of nature and education | county | Government of the Republic of Croatia |
NATIONAL PARK | Conserve intact natural values, scientific, cultural, education and recreation intent | national | Croatian Parliament |
SPECIAL RESERVE | Conservation due to its uniqueness, rarity or representativeness, and of particular scientific significance | county | Government of the Republic of Croatia |
NATURE PARK | Protection of biological and landscape diversity, education, cultural, historical, tourism, recreation intent | national | Croatian Parliament |
REGIONAL PARK | Protection of landscape diversity, sustainable development and tourism | county | County Assembly of City Assembly (City of Zagreb) |
NATURE MONUMENT | Ecological, scientific, aesthetic or educational intent | county | County Assembly of City Assembly (City of Zagreb) |
SIGNIFICANT LANDSCAPE | Conservation of landscape values and biological diversity, or cultural and historical values or landscape of preserve unique characteristics, and for rest and recreation | county | County Assembly of City Assembly (City of Zagreb) |
PARK FOREST | Conservation of natural or planted forests of greater landscape value, rest and recreation | county | County Assembly of City Assembly (City of Zagreb) |
PARK ARCHITECTURE MONUMENT | Conservation of artificially developed areas or trees having aesthetic, stylistic, artistic, cultural, historic, ecological or scientific values | county | County Assembly of City Assembly (City of Zagreb) |
The biodiversity in Croatia is amongst the richest in all of Europe. The reason for this is the specific geographic position of Croatia at the crossing of four biogeographical regions, each of which is characterized by specific ecological, climatic and geomorphological properties. The great diversity of habitats in Croatia has resulted in a wealth of diversity of wild taxa (species and subspecies). Unfortunately, the exact number of wild taxa in Croatia is still unknown. To date, almost 38,000 taxa have been recorded. However, the actual number is estimated to be much higher, with estimates ranging from a minimum of 50,000 to over 100,000. [10]
The Register contains 817 protected and 2,307 strictly protected wild and domesticated taxa. [11] For particularly protected species the Red List of Plants and Animals of the Republic of Croatia has been created. There are more than 100 species that are listed on the European IUCN Red List of endangered species. [12]
Public holidays in Croatia are regulated by the Holidays, Memorial Days and Non-Working Days Act.
Unique Master Citizen Number is a unique identification number that was assigned to every citizen of former Yugoslav republics of the SFR Yugoslavia. Today it continues to be used in almost all of the countries that were created after the dissolution of Yugoslavia – Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia and Slovenia use it in its original form, while Croatia has switched to a new identification number called the Personal Identification Number.
Croatia recognizes life partnerships for same-sex couples through the Life Partnership Act, making same-sex couples equal to married couples in everything except adoption. However, the Act does provide couples with an institution similar to stepchild adoption called partner-guardianship. The Act also recognizes and defines unregistered same-sex relationships as informal life partners, thus making them equal to registered life partnerships after they have been cohabiting for a minimum of 3 years. Croatia first recognized same-sex couples in 2003 through a law on unregistered same-sex unions which was replaced by the Life Partnership Act. The Croatian Parliament passed the new law on 15 July 2014, taking effect in two stages. Since the 2013 referendum, the Constitution of Croatia has limited marriage to opposite-sex couples.
Slovenia has recognized partnerships since 24 February 2017. These provide same-sex partners with all the legal rights of marriages, with the exception of joint adoption and in vitro fertilisation. Previously, Slovenia had recognized the more limited registrirana partnerska skupnost for same-sex couples between 2006 and 2017, which gave same-sex partners access to one another's pensions and property.
The State Institute for Nature Protection is an institution centrally responsible for specialized nature protection activities in Croatia.
Franjo Bučar State Award for Sport is the highest recognition that Republic of Croatia gives for extraordinary achievements and contributions of remarkable meaning for the development of sport in Croatia.
So help me God is a phrase often used to give an oath, and most commonly optional as part of an oath of office. It is also used in some jurisdictions as a form of oath for other forms of public duty, such as an appearance in court, service as a juror, etc.
The Diocletian Aqueduct is an ancient Roman aqueduct near Split, Croatia constructed during the Roman Empire to supply water to the Palace of Emperor Diocletian.
The Security and Intelligence Agency is the Croatian security and intelligence service founded in 2006 upon the passing of the Security and Intelligence System of the Republic of Croatia Act and by combining the former Counterintelligence Agency (POA), and the Intelligence Agency (OA) which both ceased to operate.
The Ministry of Maritime Affairs, Transport and Infrastructure of the Republic of Croatia is a ministry in the Government of Croatia.
Hermitage and Monastery of Saint Peter Koriški is a ruin of the hermitage and monastery located in Koriša, Prizren municipality, Kosovo. The monastery and hermitage are on the same location.
The Natural and Cultural Heritage of Croatia comprises sites, monuments, goods and species of particular importance to the Republic of Croatia which are protected by national law. The Croatian constitution states that the protection of natural and cultural heritage, as well as their use needs to be regulated according to the constitution and laws of the Republic of Croatia.
The Register of Cultural Goods of the Republic of Croatia has been established in 1999. The Croatian Ministry of Culture is responsible for the administration of this public register, which has been created according to the Act on the protection and preservation of cultural goods of 1999. The register is a comprehensive list of all cultural monuments under national protection.
The law of Croatia is part of the legal system of Croatia. It belongs to the civil law legal system. It is grounded on the principles laid out in the Constitution of Croatia and safeguarded by the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Croatia.
Kaljaja is an archaeological site, which is located southeast of the village of Balovac, in municipality of Podujevo. Fortification of an irregular trapezoid shape, with the remains of the ramparts was discovered. Remains follow the terrain configuration. Construction technique was cut stone and brick. Lime mortar was used as a bonding material. In some places the wall is preserved up to a height of 4 meters. At the end of the east, south and west walls the towers were located. The east wall was preserved in the length of 120 meters. The preserved remains of the south wall have the length of 15 meters. The west wall has the hape of an arch, 140 meters in length. North wall had a gate with two towers. The site is rated as a cultural heritage since 1 March 1986, and is under protection of Republic of Serbia.
Kaljaja is an archaeological site, which is located in Teneš Do on the hill Kaljaja in Kosovo.
Svrčin was one of the castles of Nemanjić dynasty, built around 1321, on an island in the artificially made Svrčin lake, northeast from present day Uroševac. The exact location of the medieval Svrčin has not been determined precisely because of a lack archaealogical research in the areas in which it is localized, but based on the remains discovered so far, Svrčin was situated between Svrčin hill and present day village Svrčina. It is registered cultural monument under protection of Republic of Serbia from 1967.
Our Lady of Hvosno is a Serbian Orthodox Christian monastery. It is situated at the foot of Mokra Mountain, nearby hamlets Vrelo and Studenica, some 20 kilometers north of Peć, Kosovo. Our Lady of Hvosno was declared Monument of Culture of Exceptional Importance on 10 July 1967, and Republic of Serbia claims to have it under protection.
Čude Canyon is a short but deep canyon created by the Stupčanica river in central-northerneastern part of Bosnia and Herzegovina, in Olovo municipality. The Stupčanica cuts through steep slopes of Gradac, on the right bank, and Krševi, on the left, thus creating over a half of kilometer deep canyon, only 3.8 kilometers long, and just few hundreds meters wide at the rim levels, while at the river level canyon is often only 2-3 meters wide. The "Čude Canyon" is protected natural monument of Bosnia and Herzegovina.