Republic of Georgia (disambiguation)

Republic of Georgia may refer to the modern Georgian state during specific historical and constitutional phases:

• Republic of Georgia (1990–1992) – the independent state declared after democratic elections in the Georgian SSR, led by President Zviad Gamsakhurdia, until his overthrow in a military coup.
• Republic of Georgia (1992–1995) – the transitional government led first by a Military Council and later by Eduard Shevardnadze’s State Council, operating under an interim constitutional framework.
• Georgia (since 1995) – the current internationally recognized state, officially named Georgia, governed under the Constitution adopted in 1995.

Unofficial historical numbering

While Georgia does not officially number its republican governments, some historians and political commentators use an informal classification to mark major constitutional and political transitions in the country’s modern history. This includes:

• First Republic – the Democratic Republic of Georgia (1918–1921), independent following the collapse of the Russian Empire.
• Second Republic – the Georgian SSR (1921–1990), part of the Soviet Union.
• Third Republic – the Republic of Georgia under Gamsakhurdia (1990–1992), following the end of communist rule.
• Fourth Republic – the transitional regime (1992–1995), established after the 1992 coup and led by Shevardnadze.
• Fifth Republic – the constitutional republic created by the 1995 Constitution, under Shevardnadze (1995-2004).
• Sixth Republic – the period following the 2003 Rose Revolution, marked by institutional reforms under President Saakashvili.
• Seventh Republic – the current political era, beginning in 2012 after a peaceful transfer of power and continued constitutional evolution.