History | |
---|---|
United Kingdom | |
Name | Rose |
Launched | 1771, New York [1] |
Renamed | Rosamond (1776) |
General characteristics | |
Tons burthen | 180, [1] or 194, [2] or 200 [3] (bm) |
Complement | 20 [3] |
Armament |
|
Rosamond was launched at New York in 1771, probably as Rose. She was renamed Rosamond in 1776. Between 1795 and 1800 she made four voyages as a Liverpool-based slave ship, carrying enslaved people from West Africa to the West Indies (the Middle Passage in the triangular trade). She then became a West Indiaman until in 1804 a French privateer captured her.
Rosamond first appeared in Lloyd's Register (LR) in 1776, with the entry showing her name change. [1]
Year | Master | Owner | Trade | Source & notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
1776 | John Harrison Southgate | Yates & Co. J.Blackburn | New York–London | LR |
1781 | Christall | Young & Co. | London–Halifax, Nova Scotia | LR |
1786 | R. Angus | Leitch & Co. | Greenock–Grenada | LR |
1791 | R. Angus | Leitch & Co. | Greenock–Grenada | LR |
1795 | T. Boyd W. Leece | Rankin | Greenock–Barbados Liverpool–Africa | LR; good repair 1791 & repairs 1793 |
1797 | Leece | [James] Penny & Co. | Liverpool–Africa | LR; good repair 1791, damages repaired 1794, & repairs 1795 |
Captain William Lace sailed from Liverpool on 7 October 1795, bound for Abriz, Angola. Rosamond started acquiring her slaves on 24 January 1796 and sailed from Ambriz on 8 June. She arrived at Dominica on 20 July with 323 slaves. She sailed from Dominica on 11 August, and arrived back at Liverpool on 8 October. She had left Liverpool with 23 crew members and she suffered four crew deaths on the voyage. [4]
Captain John Foulkes acquired a letter of marque on 7 January 1797. [3] Rosamond sailed from Liverpool on 24 January, bound for West Africa. She arrived at Barbados on 4 November with 316 slaves. She left Barbados on 20 November and arrived back at Liverpool on 24 December. She had left Liverpool with 23 crew members and suffered one crew death on her voyage. [2]
By one report, Captain Foulkes sailed from Liverpool on 14 May 1798, bound for West Africa. [5] By another report, she was bound for Angola. Under the strictures of Dolben's Act, her legal capacity was 323 slaves. [6] Rosamond arrived at Martinique on 20 March 1799 with 283 slaves. She arrived back at Liverpool on 28 June. She had left Liverpool with 28 crew members and suffered no crew deaths on the voyage. [5]
Captain Foulkes sailed from Liverpool on 28 September 1799, bound for West Africa. Rosamond arrived at Kingston, Jamaica, on 7 September 1800 with 317 slaves. She sailed from Kingston on 13 October, and arrived back at Liverpool on 17 December. She had sailed from Liverpool with 30 crew members and she had suffered two crew deaths on the voyage. [7]
Year | Master | Owner | Trade | Source & notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
1801 | J.Foulkes W.Cottrell | Penny & Co. | Liverpool–Africa | LR; good repair 1791, damages repaired 1794, & repairs 1795 |
1805 | W.Connell | Rankins | Greenock–Charleston | LR; good repair 1791, damages repaired 1794, repairs 1795, & good repairs 1801 |
In May 1804 the French privateer Africaine was sailing from Havana with 358 French troops that had escaped from St. Domingo that she was carrying back to France. On her way, and shortly before being herself captured, Africaine captured two British merchant vessels, Rosamond, of Glasgow, and the brig Chance, of Jamaica. [8]
The entry for Rosamond in the issue of LR for 1805 bears the annotation "captured". [9]
Brooks was a British slave ship launched at Liverpool in 1781. She became infamous after prints of her were published in 1788. Between 1782 and 1804, when she was condemned as unseaworthy, she made 11 voyages in the triangular slave trade in enslaved people. During this period she spent some years as a West Indiaman. She also recaptured a British merchantman and captured a French merchantman. She was condemned as unseaworthy in November 1804.
Elizabeth was launched at Bermuda in 1786 or 1790. She first appeared in Lloyd's Register (LR) in 1802. She then made four voyages as a slave ship, during the second of which a French privateer captured her. Next, after the end of British participation in the trans-Atlantic slave trade, she spent a little over a year as a hired armed tender under contract to the British Royal Navy. She returned to mercantile service trading with Madeira or Africa, until another French privateer captured her in early 1810.
Ariadne was built in 1795 at Newbury, Massachusetts, probably under another name. She became a Liverpool-based slave ship in 1801. A French or Dutch privateer captured her in 1804, but a Liverpool-based vessel recaptured her. Then in 1806 a French privateer captured her and took her into Guadeloupe.
Horatio was launched in 1800 at Liverpool. She made four voyages as a slave ship in the triangular trade in enslaved people. During two of these voyages she was captured and recaptured. Shortly before the British slave trade ended she left the slave trade and sailed between Britain and South America and as a West Indiaman. She was wrecked in 1817.
Aurora was launched at Chester in 1793 as a West Indiaman. During her career first the French (twice) and then the United States captured her, but she returned to British hands. Between 1801 and 1808 she made four voyages as a slave ship. She continued to trade widely until 1831.
Angola was launched in 1799 at Lancaster. She became a Liverpool-based slave ship that had made four voyages carrying slaves from West Africa to the West Indies. The French had captured her in 1804 on her fifth voyage. Her captors renamed her Tigre, but the Royal Navy recaptured her late in 1804.
Vanguard was launched in Liverpool in 1799. She made four voyages as a slave ship. After the outlawing of the British slave trade she became a West Indiaman. A French privateer captured her in March 1809.
Roe was launched in France in 1792, almost certainly under another name. The British captured her and between 1801 and 1808 she became a slave ship, making four voyages out of Liverpool. After the end of the British slave trade Roe traded with Brazil. The Americans captured her in 1812 but she was quickly recaptured. She was wrecked in November 1814.
Bolton was launched at Liverpool in 1792. She then made 10 voyages as a slave ship. During her career she repelled one attack by a French privateer, was captured on a later voyage by another before being recaptured by the Royal Navy, and then was captured on her tenth voyage by yet another privateer after Bolton had gathered her slaves but before she was able to deliver them to the West Indies.
Alexander was launched in France or Spain in 1797, probably under another name, and taken in prize circa 1799, when she was lengthened and raised. She was registered at Liverpool in 1801 and proceeded to make six voyages as a slave ship. She then sailed to Brazil and the West Indies and was last listed in 1809.
William Heathcote was launched in Liverpool in 1800. She made one voyage as a slave ship before a French privateer captured her in a single-ship action, and the British Royal Navy recaptured her. She became a West Indiaman before she made a second slave trading voyage, one of the last such legal voyages. She then became a West Indiaman again, and sailed to Brazil and as a transport. She was wrecked in July 1816.
Harriot (or Harriott}was launched in Liverpool in 1786. For many years she was a West Indiaman, sailing between Liverpool and Barbados. In 1796 a French frigate captured her, but the British Royal Navy quickly recaptured her. She became a slave ship. At the beginning of her of her first slave trading voyage a French privateer captured her, and again the Royal Navy quickly recaptured her. She made five slave trading voyages in all. Thereafter she traded with South America. She was last listed in 1814 with stale data.
Betsey was launched in 1790 at Liverpool as a slave ship. She made six complete voyages as a slaver. A French privateer captured her in 1799 after she had delivered her slaves on her seventh voyage.
Intrepid was launched in 1776, almost surely under another name. She appeared as Intrepid in British records from 1787; missing volumes of Lloyd's Register (LR) and missing pages in extant records obscure her earlier name(s) and history. She made one voyage as a whaler and two as a slave ship. She also captured a Spanish merchant ship. Otherwise she traded widely as a West Indiaman, transport, and to North and South America. She was wrecked in November 1816.
Little Joe was launched in 1784 in Liverpool as a slave ship. She made six complete voyages from Liverpool in the Atlantic triangular slave trade. On her seventh voyage a French privateer captured her, but a British letter of marque recaptured her. She did not return to the slave trade and was last listed in 1795.
Hector was launched at Bristol in 1781 as a West Indiaman. A new owner in 1802 sailed Hector as a slave ship. She made one complete voyage as a slave ship before a French privateer captured her on her second slave voyage after Hector had disembarked her slaves.
Active was built in Chester in 1781. Initially, she traded with the Baltic and North America. From 1798 she made four complete voyages as a slave ship in the triangular trade in enslaved persons. A privateer captured her on 1 September 1805 during her fifth slave voyage, after she had embarked her slaves, and took her into the River Plate.
Molly was launched at Liverpool in 1778 as a slave ship. Between 1778 and 1807 she made 18 complete voyages in the triangular trade in enslaved persons. During this period she also suffered one major maritime incident and captured two ships. After the end of Britain's involvement in the trans-Atlantic slave trade, Molly became a merchantman trading with the West Indies, Africa, Brazil, Nova Scotia, and Africa again. She was last listed in 1832, giving her a 54-year career.
Nelly was launched at Liverpool in 1798. She initially sailed as a West Indiaman. From 1803 she made two complete voyages as a slave ship in the triangular trade in enslaved people. Spanish privateers captured her in 1805 while she was on her third slave voyage after she had embarked slaves.
True Briton was launched at Liverpool in 1775. She made two voyages as a slave ship in the triangular trade in enslaved people. During the second of these voyages there was an unsuccessful insurrection by the slaves she was carrying. Then in 1777–1778 she made another slave voyage, this time under the name John. On her return to Liverpool, she became the privateer Bellona, and succeeded in taking several prizes. Bellona then made three voyages as a slave ship. In 1786 her ownership changed, and so did her name. She became Lord Stanley, and under that name proceeded to make 11 slave voyages. In 1794, at Havana, a deadly fever spread through the vessel, apparently after she had landed her slaves. On her last voyage the captain acted with such brutality towards a black crew member that the man, who providentially survived, sued the captain when the vessel arrived at Liverpool and won substantial damages.