Rutana (languages)

Last updated January 10, 2026

Rutana is an Arabic term applied to any of Sudan's many non-Arabic vernacular languages and often taken to be pejorative.^[1]^[2]

References

↑ Simpson, Andrew (2008). Language and national identity in Africa. Oxford University Press. p. 74. ISBN 978-0-19-928675-1.
↑ Hutchinson, Sharon Elaine (1996). Nuer dilemmas: coping with money, war, and the state. University of California Press. p. 312. ISBN 0-520-20284-8.

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[1] Simpson, Andrew (2008). Language and national identity in Africa. Oxford University Press. p. 74. ISBN 978-0-19-928675-1.

[2] Hutchinson, Sharon Elaine (1996). Nuer dilemmas: coping with money, war, and the state. University of California Press. p. 312. ISBN 0-520-20284-8.

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