Murad III was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1574 until his death in 1595. His rule saw battles with the Habsburgs and exhausting wars with the Safavids. The long-independent Morocco was for a time made a vassal of the empire but regained independence in 1582. His reign also saw the empire's expanding influence on the eastern coast of Africa. However, the empire was beset by increasing corruption and inflation from the New World which led to unrest among the Janissary and commoners. Relations with Elizabethan England were cemented during his reign as both had a common enemy in the Spanish. He was also a great patron of the arts, commissioning the Siyer-i-Nebi and other illustrated manuscripts.
Mehmed III was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1595 until his death in 1603. Mehmed was known for ordering the execution of his brothers and leading the army in the Long Turkish war, during which the Ottoman army was victorious at the decisive Battle of Keresztes. This victory was however undermined by some military losses such as in Gyor and Nikopol. He also ordered the successful quelling of the Jelali rebellions. The sultan also communicated with the court of Elizabeth I on the grounds of stronger commercial relations and in the hopes of England to ally with the Ottomans against the Spanish.
Murad IV was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1623 to 1640, known both for restoring the authority of the state and for the brutality of his methods. Murad IV was born in Constantinople, the son of Sultan Ahmed I and Kösem Sultan. He was brought to power by a palace conspiracy when he was just 11 years old, and he succeeded his uncle Mustafa I. Until he assumed absolute power on 18 May 1632, the empire was ruled by his mother, Kösem Sultan, as nāʾib-i salṭanat (regent). His reign is most notable for the Ottoman–Safavid War, of which the outcome would partition the Caucasus between the two Imperial powers for around two centuries, while it also roughly laid the foundation for the current Turkey–Iran–Iraq borders.
Safiye Sultan was the Haseki Sultan of Murad III and Valide Sultan of the Ottoman Empire as the mother of Mehmed III and the grandmother of Sultans Ahmed I and Mustafa I. Safiye was also one of the eminent figures during the era known as the Sultanate of Women. She lived in the Ottoman Empire as a courtier during the reigns of seven sultans: Suleiman the Magnificent, Selim II, Murad III, Mehmed III, Ahmed I, Mustafa I and Osman II.
Lala Mustafa Pasha, also known by the additional epithet Kara, was an Ottoman Bosnian general and Grand Vizier from the Sanjak of Bosnia.
Safiye is a Turkish feminine given name, a variant of the Arabic name Safiya. People named Safiye include:
Haseki Sultan was the title used for the chief consort of an Ottoman Sultan. In later years, the meaning of the title changed to "imperial consort". Hurrem Sultan, principal consort and legal wife of Suleiman the Magnificent, was the first holder of this title. The title lost its exclusivity under Ibrahim I, who bestowed it upon eight women simultaneously. The title haseki sultan was used until the 17th century. After that, kadınefendi became the highest ranking title for imperial consorts, although this title was not as prestigious as haseki sultan.
Halime Sultan was a consort of Sultan Mehmed III, and the mother of Sultan Mustafa I. The first woman to be Valide Sultan twice and the only to be Valide twice of a same son. She had at least four children with Mehmed: two sons Şehzade Mahmud and Mustafa I, and two daughters. She was de facto co-ruler as Valide Sultan from 22 November 1617 to 26 February 1618 and from 19 May 1622 to 10 September 1623, because her son was mentally instable. Halime was also one of the prominent figures during the era known as the Sultanate of Women.
Ayşe Sultan is the name of several Ottomana concubines, consorts and princesses:
Gevherhan Sultan was an Ottoman princess, daughter of Sultan Ahmed I and Kösem Sultan, half-sister of Sultan Osman II, and sister of Sultans Murad IV (1623–1640) and Ibrahim of the Ottoman Empire.
Gevherhan Sultan was an Ottoman princess, the daughter of Sultan Selim II and his favorite Nurbanu Sultan. She was the granddaughter of Suleiman the Magnificent and Hürrem Sultan, sister of Sultan Murad III and aunt of Sultan Mehmed III.
Ismihan Sultan was an Ottoman princess, daughter of Selim II and his legal wife, Nurbanu Sultan. She was the granddaughter of Suleiman the Magnificent and his favourite consort and legal wife Hürrem Sultan, sister of Sultan Murad III and aunt of Sultan Mehmed III.
Ayşe Sultan was an Ottoman princess, daughter of Sultan Murad III and Safiye Sultan, as well as sister of Sultan Mehmed III of the Ottoman Empire.
Şah Sultan was an Ottoman princess, the daughter of Selim II and Nurbanu Sultan. She was the granddaughter of Suleiman the Magnificent and his consort Hurrem Sultan, sister of Sultan Murad III and aunt of Sultan Mehmed III.
Fatma Sultan was an Ottoman princess, daughter of Sultan Selim II of the Ottoman Empire and his favorite Nurbanu Sultan. She was the granddaughter of Suleiman the Magnificent and Hurrem Sultan, sister of Sultan Murad III and aunt of Sultan Mehmed III.
Hümaşah Sultan was an Ottoman princess, the daughter of Şehzade Mehmed (1521–1543) and the granddaughter of Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent of the Ottoman Empire, and his favourite consort and legal wife Hurrem Sultan.
Safiye Sultan was an Ottoman princess, daughter of Sultan Mustafa II, and half-sister of Sultans Mahmud I and Osman III of the Ottoman Empire.
Ümmügülsüm Sultan, called also Ümmi Sultan or Gülsüm Sultan, was an Ottoman princess, the daughter of Sultan Mehmed IV, and his Haseki Emetullah Rabia Gülnuş Sultan. She was the sister of Sultans Mustafa II and Ahmed III.
Rukiye Sultan was an Ottoman princess, the daughter of Şehzade Mehmed Ziyaeddin, son of Mehmed V.
Fatma Emetullah Sultan was a ottoman princess, the daughter of Mehmed IV and his Haseki Emetullah Rabia Gülnuş Sultan. She was the sister of Sultans Mustafa II and Ahmed III.
