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Pakistan had a population of 241,492,197 according to the final results of the 2023 Census. This figure includes Pakistan's four provinces e.g. Punjab, Sindh, KPK, Balochistan and Islamabad Capital Territory. AJK and Gilgit-Baltistan's census data is yet to be approved by CCI Council of Pakistan. Pakistan is the world's fifth most populous country.
Sindh is a province of Pakistan. Located in the southeastern region of the country, Sindh is the third-largest province of Pakistan by land area and the second-largest province by population after Punjab. It is bordered by the Pakistani provinces of Balochistan to the west and north-west and Punjab to the north. It shares an International border with the Indian states of Gujarat and Rajasthan to the east; it is also bounded by the Arabian Sea to the south. Sindh's landscape consists mostly of alluvial plains flanking the Indus River, the Thar Desert of Sindh in the eastern portion of the province along the international border with India, and the Kirthar Mountains in the western portion of the province.
Pakistan is a multilingual country with over 70 languages spoken as first languages. The majority of Pakistan's languages belong to the Indo-Iranian group of the Indo-European language family.
Sindhi is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by about 30 million people in the Pakistani province of Sindh, where it has official status. It is also spoken by a further 1.7 million people in India, where it is a scheduled language, without any state-level official status. The main writing system is the Perso-Arabic script, which accounts for the majority of the Sindhi literature and is the only one currently used in Pakistan. In India, both the Perso-Arabic script and Devanagari are used.
Sindhis are an Indo-Aryan ethnolinguistic group who speak the Sindhi language and are native to the Sindh province of Pakistan. The historical homeland of Sindhis is bordered by the southeastern part of Balochistan, the Bahawalpur region of Punjab and the Kutch region of Gujarat. Having been isolated throughout history, unlike its neighbours, Sindhi culture has preserved its uniqueness.
Saraiki is an Indo-Aryan language of the Lahnda group, spoken by 26 million people primarily in the south-western half of the province of Punjab in Pakistan. It was previously known as Multani, after its main dialect.
Kutchi or Kachhi is an Indo-Aryan language spoken in the Kutch region of India and Sindh region of Pakistan.
The Northern Indo-Aryan languages, also known as Pahāṛi languages, are a proposed group of Indo-Aryan languages spoken in the lower ranges of the Himalayas, from Nepal in the east, through the Indian states of Jammu and Kashmir, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh and Punjab was coined by G. A. Grierson.
The Kalhora is a Sindhi Sammat clan in Sindh, Pakistan.
Tando Allahyar is a city and capital of Tando Allahyar District located in Sindh, Pakistan. It is the 56th largest city of Pakistan by population according to the 2017 census.
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The Sindhis of Balochistan are an indigenous Sindhi population living in Balochistan, Pakistan.
Thareli is a dialect of the Sindhi language, spoken in north eastern Thar Desert of Sindh.
References
- ↑ Stack, George (2017). Abbasi, Prof. Mohsin; Rizvi, Ms. Parsa; Hussain, Dr. Fahmida (eds.). A Dictionary - Sindhi and English (January 2017 ed.). Hyderabad, Sindh: Sindhi Language Authority. p. 603.
- ↑ "سرائي | Sindhi Dictionary". dic.sindhila.edu.pk (in Sindhi). Sindhi Language Authority.
سري جو رهاڪو
- ↑ Austin, Peter (2008). One thousand languages: living, endangered, and lost. Berkeley (Calif.): University of California press. ISBN 978-0-520-25560-9.
Sindhi has six major dialects: Siraiki (Seraiki), Vicholi, Lari, Lasi, Thari (Thareli) and Katchhi (Kachchhi).
- ↑ Masica, Colin P. (1993). The Indo-Aryan languages. Cambridge language surveys. Cambridge University Press (1. paperback ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-23420-7.
- ↑ Handbook of comparative and historical Indo-European linguistics ; Volume 1. Berlin Boston: De Gruyter Mouton. 2017. p. 433. ISBN 9783110393248.
The five major dialects of Sindhi are Vicholi, Lari, Lasi, Thari, and Kachhi. Four dialects are spoken within the borders of Sindh itself. Siraiki, in Upper Sindh, is not to be confused with the Punjabi language of the same name. Vicholi, considered the standard dialect, is spoken in central Sindh, while Lari is the dialect in southern Sindh. Lasi is spoken on the western frontier of Sindh and in Balochistan. The Sindhi spoken in the Thar desert of the Jaisalmer district of Rajasthan is called Thari. In Gujarat, Kachhi is spoken along the Rann of Kutch and in the Kathiawar peninsula.
- ↑ "Linguistic Survey of India". dsal.uchicago.edu. Retrieved 2024-01-24.
In Sindhī, the word siru means 'head.' From it is derived sirō, the extremity of anything, and, hence, the upper part of Sindh, from the northern frontier down to, say, the 27th degree of north latitude, about midway between Larkana and Sehwan. From this, again, is derived the adjective sirāikō, of or belonging to Upper Sindh or the Sirō.
- ↑ Simpson, Andrew (2007). Language and national identity in Asia. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 114. ISBN 9780199226481.
Siraiki' is a Sindhi-derived term meaning 'northern speech', hence its confusing earlier use as the name of the northern dialect of Sindhi, now usually termed Siroli.