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Somali Salvation Democratic Front (SSDF) (Somali: Jabhadda Diimuqraadiga Badbaadinta Soomaaliyeed), initially known as the Democratic Front for Salvation of Somalia, was a political and paramilitary umbrella organization in Somalia. Founded in 1978 by several army officers, it was the first of several opposition groups dedicated to ousting the authoritarian regime of Mohamed Siad Barre. With its power base mainly in the Majeerteen clan, SSDF played a significant role in the country's complex political landscape during the late 1970s and 2000s. And Succeeded by the establishment in 1998 of the autonomous Puntland state in northeastern Somalia.
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Following the civil war and the ensuing societal chaos, some factions managed to exert a degree of authority over certain regions of Somalia where they maintained broad, clan-based support. This allowed these factions to establish working administrations and eventually coherent states, and restored order to their regions. This occurred first in Puntland, Southwestern Somalia, Galmudug, Jubaland and finally Banadir.
The Somali Rebellion was the beginning of the civil war in Somalia that occurred in the 1980s and early 1990s. The rebellion started in 1978 when President Siad Barre began using his special forces, the "Red Berets", to attack clan-based dissident groups opposed to his regime. The dissidents had been becoming more powerful for nearly a decade following his abrupt switch of allegiance from the Soviet Union to the United States and the disastrous 1977-78 Ogaden War.
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Yusuf Osman Samatar (Barda'ad) (Somali: Yuusuf Cismaan Samatar (Bardacad)) was a lawyer, post-colonial political party leader, and former member of Somalia's parliament. First arrested in 1969, Samatar was arrested again in 1975 by the dictatorial regime and detained without charge or trial. A prisoner of conscience, Samatar would spend nearly two decades in prison, mostly in solitary confinement making him the longest serving political prisoner in Somalia's history.
The Somaliland War of Independence was a rebellion waged by the Somali National Movement (SNM) against the ruling military junta in Somalia led by General Siad Barre lasting from its founding on 6 April 1981 and ended on 18 May 1991 when the SNM declared what was then northern Somalia independent as the Republic of Somaliland. The conflict served as the main theater of the larger Somali Rebellion that started in 1978. The conflict was in response to the harsh policies enacted by the Barre regime against the main clan family in Somaliland, the Isaaq, including a declaration of economic warfare on the clan-family. These harsh policies were put into effect shortly after the conclusion of the disastrous Ogaden War in 1978.
The Mogadishu riots of July 1989 were a series of violent events that took place in the capital city of Somalia on 14 and 15 July 1989. A significant event in modern Somali history, the riot and killings that followed were the first serious violence Mogadishu had seen and preluded the approaching Somali Civil War. The event was sparked by the assassination of Roman Catholic Bishop of Mogadishu Salvatore Colombo and the subsequent arrest of several Muslim religious leaders by the Barre regime.
References
- 1 2 3 Mohamed, I.A. (2015). "Somali women and the socialist state". Journal of Georgetown University Qatar Middle Eastern Studies Student Association. 4. doi:10.5339/messa.2015.4.
- ↑ Park, Daeyun (2009). "Somali Women". Lives in Conflict: Somali Women and Children. Retrieved 2018-11-20.
- ↑ Women's Rights in Islam and Somali Culture (PDF file). UNICEF. 2002. p. 6.
- ↑ "RefWorld: Human Rights Brief: Women in Somalia". RefWorld. Canada: Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada. 1994. Retrieved 2018-11-20.