Special input/output

Special input/output (Special I/O or SIO) are inputs and/or outputs of a microcontroller designated to perform specialized functions or have specialized features.

Specialized functions can include:

• Hardware interrupts,
• analog input or output
• PWM output
• Serial communication, such as UART, USART, ^{[1] [2]} SPI bus, or SerDes.
• External reset
• Switch debounce
• Input pull-up (or -down) resistors
• open collector output
• Pulse counting ^[3]
• Timing pulses ^{[4] [5]}

Some kinds of special I/O functions can sometimes be emulated with general-purpose input/output and bit banging software.

See also

• Atari SIO

References

1. Dogan Ibrahim (2011). Advanced PIC Microcontroller Projects in C. Elsevier Science. p. 357. ISBN   978-0-08-055842-4.
2. Adetoyi, O.E. (2017). "Development of Smart Card Door Access Control System". International Journal of Electronics Communication and Computer Engineering. 8 (1): 41–44.
3. Thomas Bräunl (2013). Embedded Robotics; Mobile Robot Design and Applications with Embedded Systems. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 61. ISBN   978-3-662-05099-6.
4. Steven F. Barrett (2013). Arduino Microcontroller Processing for Everyone!. Morgan & Claypool Publishers. p. 265. ISBN   978-1-62705-254-2.
5. Shepetov, A.; Chubenko, A.; Kryakunova, O.; Nikolayevsky, N.; Salikhov, N.; Yanke, V. (2017). "The STM32 microcontroller based pulse intensity registration system for the neutron monitor" (PDF). EPJ Web of Conferences. 145 19002. EDP Sciences. arXiv: 1712.00713 . Bibcode:2017EPJWC.14519002S. doi:10.1051/epjconf/201714519002.