St. Nicholas' Priory, Ribe

Last updated

St. Nicholas' Priory (Danish: Sankt Nikolai Kloster) was a Benedictine nunnery founded in 1170 in Ribe, Denmark.

Contents

History

The foundation of St. Nicholas' Priory in Ribe was the result of events at Seem Abbey, a Benedictine double monastery established by the Bishops of Ribe in the first third of the 12th century. After allegations of unruliness and impropriety during the 1160s the nuns were moved out in 1170 to a new priory built for them by Bishop Ralph, closer to Ribe and episcopal supervision. [1]

The new priory at Ribe, dedicated to Saint Nicholas, consisted of a quadrilateral enclosure, of which the church formed one side and ranges of conventual buildings the other three. The prioress ran the community, while a local nobleman held the office of provost (or honorary prior) and represented the nuns in secular matters. Mass was said by a local priest. The church was open to the people of Ribe, but the nuns were separated from them by iron gates around the choir.

By the reign of Christian II (1513–23) the reputation of the nuns of Ribe for immorality was notorious, to the extent that they were used as a stock example of debauchery by early Danish Lutheran preachers: Thomas Lillelund, for example, accused them of institutionalized whoring (Danish: horeri). When Christian's successor, Frederik II, refused to protect them, the nuns were driven from the priory by the citizens of Ribe.

Denmark became officially Lutheran in 1536 and all religious houses and their income properties reverted to the crown. The former priory was reopened as a secular institution where a few of the nuns were allowed to live until 1560, when the citizens of Ribe complained about the cost of maintaining all ten churches and four monasteries and the leper hospital. With the agreement of the crown, the church of Ribe Abbey, now St. Catherine's Church, was made the parish church of Ribe, and the medieval Ribe Cathedral was confirmed as the seat of the Lutheran Diocese of Ribe, but the rest of the churches and religious houses, including St. Nicholas' Priory, were demolished and the materials used for other buildings.

Notes

  1. the monks initially remained at Seem and were put under the charge of the then new and austere Cistercians, but in 1173 they gave up the site and moved on to Løgum Abbey

Sources

Related Research Articles

Convent Religious community

A convent is either a community of priests, religious brothers, religious sisters, monks or nuns; or the building used by the community, particularly in the Catholic Church, Lutheran Churches, and the Anglican Communion.

A double monastery is a monastery combining a separate community of monks and one of nuns, joined in one institution. More common in the monasticism of Eastern Christianity, where they are found since the 4th century, in the West the establishment of double monasteries became popular after Columbanus and were found in Anglo-Saxon England and Gaul. Double monasteries were forbidden by the Second Council of Nicaea in 787, though it took many years for the decree to be enforced. In a significantly different way, double monasteries were revived again after the 12th century, when a number of religious houses were established on this pattern, among Benedictines and possibly the Dominicans. The 14th-century Bridgittines were consciously founded using this form of community.

Ancient Diocese of Ribe

The former Roman Catholic diocese of Ribe consisted of the modern Danish Provinces of Ribe, Vejle and Ringkøbing, and part of Southern Jutland. The first church built at Ribe was founded by Saint Ansgar in 860, served by his biographer and successor, Saint Rembert, and destroyed during the heathen reaction after the latter's death in 888. It was rebuilt towards 948, in which year Saint Leofdag, first Bishop of Ribe, was consecrated by Archbishop Adaldag of Hamburg, probably at the Council of Ingelheim (Germany), which the Jutlandic bishops attended. Leofdag is said to have been martyred by the heathen at Ribe. Until the death of his third known successor Vale (1044–59) the bishops of Ribe, Schleswig, and Aarhus wandered about Jutland on missionary tours.

Stubber Abbey was a small Benedictine nunnery in Sevel Parish, Ginding Herred in west central Jutland near Ringkøbing.

Gudum Priory was a small Benedictine nunnery located in west central Jutland, Denmark from the 1260s until 1573.

Sebber Priory is a remarkably preserved religious house in Sebbersund, near Nibe in northcentral Jutland, Denmark.

Halsted Priory

Halsted Priory. formerly a small Benedictine house, is a manor house and estate located close to Nakskov on the island of Lolland in southeastern Denmark. The estate was renamed Juellinge when the Barony of Juellinge was restored for Jens Juel-Vind in 1721 but its old name was restored when the barony was dissolved in 1021. Holsted Priory is still owned by the Krag-Juel-Vind-Frijs family. The Neo-Gothic main building is from 1847-49. It is flanked by Halsted Church to the north and the old main building from 1591 to the south. The old main building has been renovated with support from Realdania and is now operated as a local cultural centre. The Baroque-style park covers approximately 6.5 hextares od land. The estate is also home to a golf club.

Ringsted Abbey

Ringsted Abbey was one of the earliest and most influential Benedictine houses in Denmark, active from the late 11th-century until the Danish Reformation.

Holbaek Priory was a small Dominican monastery in Holbæk, Denmark.

St. Canute's Abbey, Odense, a Benedictine monastery, was built to support the pilgrimage centre for the relics of the royal Danish martyr Saint Canute, and was the successor to the priory of St. Mary and St. Alban, Denmark's earliest monastic house. Located in Odense, it was the island of Funen's most important medieval religious institution.

St. John's Priory, Viborg, was a monastery of the Knights Hospitaller in Viborg, Denmark.

Abbey of Our Lady, Aalborg church building in Aalborg Municipality, Denmark

The Abbey of Our Lady, Aalborg was an early Benedictine monasteries in Aalborg, Denmark. The former monastic church survived as a parish church, the Vor Frue Kirke, until 1876, when it was demolished, and the present church of the name built on the site.

St. Catherines Priory, Ribe church building in Esbjerg Municipality, Denmark

St. Catherine's Priory, Ribe, was an important early Dominican friary, located in Ribe, Denmark in 1228-1536. The buildings still stand, although there is no monastic community there; known as Ribe Kloster, it is Denmark's most complete extant monastic building complex.

All Saints Abbey was one of Denmark's earliest religious houses located in Lund, Scania, at the time part of Denmark, now southern Sweden.

Slangerup Abbey was a monastery of first Benedictine nuns, then entrusted to the Cistercian nuns, which was located in Slangerup, Denmark, between 1170 and 1555.

Hundslund Priory

Hundslund Priory was a prominent Benedictine religious house in medieval Denmark. It was later transformed into the royal residence Dronninglund Castle. It is located at Dronninglund, north of Aalborg, Denmark.

Voer Abbey ancient monument in Horsens Municipality (116353)

Voer Abbey was a Benedictine abbey situated on the Gudenå River near the present Klostermølle in Voerladegård parish, Denmark.