Steve Austin is an Australian dog trainer, who has been training dogs for over 30 years. He is renowned as one of Australia's top animal trainers, with a particular skill in dog behaviour and training. [1] [2] [3] His lifetime in dog training has seen him train animals for quarantine, search and rescue, police work, and wildlife preservation, among other roles. [4] He has also travelled internationally lecturing and training dogs.
Steve Austin, as a 12-year-old, was given a puppy. This dog was called "Sooty", and he taught the dog to balance a schooner of beer on its head.[ citation needed ]
Austin and his wife, Vicki, previously owned Pet Resorts Australia in Dural and Terrigal, NSW, where they offered dog boarding and training.
Austin was notably the National Detector Dog Trainer with the Australian Quarantine and Inspection Service for 10 years (1996–2006) where he pioneered training dogs to indicate materials that were potentially dangerous to Australia, particularly food products. [5] He has also worked with state-branches of quarantine in several states.
Much of Austin's work has been around training dogs for scent detection and many of the dogs used for this work are rescued from shelter situations. [6] He is recognized as being the trainer of Australia's first truffle detector dog in Tasmania. [3] He has also been involved in training termite detector dogs. [7] He has worked with the Californian Narcotic Drug Association and California Narcotic and Explosive Detector Dog Association on training dogs for narcotic detection. [8] He has been involved in training dogs internationally, including New Caledonia Agricultural Detector Dog Unit.
In Australia, he has often trained dogs for environmental roles, including training dogs to locate cats and foxes in the Kimberley, WA, Australia, to locate rabbits and rodents, on Macquarie Island, Australia, and also to locate cane toads. [4] [9] [10] [11] [12] He also trained fox detection dogs for Lane Cove Council, NSW. [13] Fox detecting dogs have also been trained by Austin for use in Manly, New South Wales, and these dogs have also been trained to alert to little penguins, for conservation purposes. [9] [14] Similarly, he has trained dogs to alert to Murray River turtles. [6] In Namibia, Africa, he has trained dogs to track cheetah scats. [9] [12]
Additionally, Austin has lectured to international audiences, including: American law enforcement agencies, at Sydney's Taronga Zoo, Mt Everest Kennel Club in Kathmandu, colleges throughout Japan, and Czech Republic Customs Detector Dog Unit. [3] He has been involved with temperament assessing dogs in a variety of contexts, both in Australia and California. [8]
Austin has owned and trained an Australian Obedience Champion and two field trial Champions, and also is licensed and active as a judge with the Australian National Kennel Club (ANKC) for these events. He once won the Sydney Royal Dog Obedience Utility Dog Section.
The main focus Steve utilises for training, are based on two operant conditioning quadrants.
1. Positive reinforcement: This is where the dog is rewarded for correct behaviour with a high value reward.
2. Negative punishment: This is applied with the dog doesn't do the required behaviour, where the reward is withheld or taken away.
He has made a number of television appearances on including ABC's Catalyst and other current affairs programs, Celebrity Dog School , Harry's Practice , 60 Minutes and The 7:30 Report. [3] In 2011 he received much television exposure for his work in training rabbit and rodent indicating dogs for seabird preservation on Macquarie Island. [3]
The beagle is a breed of small scent hound, similar in appearance to the much larger foxhound. The beagle was developed primarily for hunting hare, known as beagling. Possessing a great sense of smell and superior tracking instincts, the beagle is the primary breed used as a detection dog for prohibited agricultural imports and foodstuffs in quarantine around the world. The beagle is a popular pet due to its size and good temper.
Macquarie Island is an island in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, about halfway between New Zealand and Antarctica. Regionally part of Oceania and politically a part of Tasmania, Australia, since 1900, it became a Tasmanian State Reserve in 1978 and was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997.
A working dog is a dog used to perform practical tasks, as opposed to pet or companion dogs.
A police dog, also known as a K-9, is a dog that is trained to assist police and other law enforcement officers. Their duties may include searching for drugs and explosives, locating missing people, finding crime scene evidence, protecting officers and other people, and attacking suspects who flee from officers. The breeds most commonly used by law enforcement are the German Shepherd, Belgian Malinois, Bloodhound, Dutch Shepherd, and Labrador Retriever. In recent years, the Belgian Malinois has become the leading choice for police and military work due to their intense drive, focus, agility, and smaller size, though German Shepherds remain the breed most associated with law enforcement.
Dog training is a kind of animal training, the application of behavior analysis which uses the environmental events of antecedents and consequences to modify the dog behavior, either for it to assist in specific activities or undertake particular tasks, or for it to participate effectively in contemporary domestic life. While training dogs for specific roles dates back to Roman times at least, the training of dogs to be compatible household pets developed with suburbanization in the 1950s.
A detection dog or sniffer dog is a dog that is trained to use its senses to detect substances such as explosives, illegal drugs, wildlife scat, currency, blood, and contraband electronics such as illicit mobile phones. The sense most used by detection dogs is smell. Hunting dogs that search for game, and search and rescue dogs that work to find missing humans are generally not considered detection dogs but fit instead under their own categories. There is some overlap, as in the case of cadaver dogs, trained to search for human remains.
United States v. Place, 462 U.S. 696 (1983), is a decision by the Supreme Court of the United States in which the Court held that it does not violate the Fourth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution for a trained police dog to sniff of a person's luggage or property in a public place.
Tracking refers to a dog's ability to detect, recognize and follow a specific scent. Possessing heightened olfactory abilities, dogs, especially scent hounds, are able to detect, track and locate the source of certain odours. A deeper understanding of the physiological mechanisms and the phases involved in canine scent tracking has allowed humans to utilize this animal behaviour in a variety of professions. Through domestication and the human application of dog behaviour, different methods and influential factors on tracking ability have been discovered. While tracking was once considered a predatory technique of dogs in the wild, it has now become widely used by humans.
A working animal is an animal, usually domesticated, that is kept by humans and trained to perform tasks instead of being slaughtered to harvest animal products. Some are used for their physical strength or for transportation, while others are service animals trained to execute certain specialized tasks. They may also be used for milking or herding. Some, at the end of their working lives, may also be used for meat or leather.
A search-and-rescue (SAR) dog is a dog trained to respond to crime scenes, accidents, missing persons events, as well as natural or man-made disasters. These dogs detect human scent, which is a distinct odor of skin flakes and water and oil secretions unique to each person and have been known to find people under water, snow, and collapsed buildings, as well as remains buried underground. SAR dogs are a non-invasive aid in the location of humans, alive or deceased.
Illinois v. Caballes, 543 U.S. 405 (2005), is a decision by the Supreme Court of the United States in which the Court held that the use of a drug-sniffing police dog during a routine traffic stop does not violate the Fourth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, even if the initial infraction is unrelated to drug offenses.
Australian Customs Service breeds and trains Labradors to detect illegal drugs, firearms, explosives and hazardous chemical precursors associated with the manufacture or deployment of chemical weapons. Each year these dogs are responsible for hundreds of detections.
A diabetic alert dog is an assistance dog trained to detect high (hyperglycemia) or low (hypoglycemia) levels of blood sugar in humans with diabetes and alert their owners to dangerous changes in blood glucose levels. This allows their owners to take steps to return their blood sugar to normal, such as using glucose tablets, sugar, and carbohydrate-rich food. The dog can prompt a human to take insulin.
Sarbi was an Australian special forces explosives detection dog that spent almost 14 months missing in action (MIA) in Afghanistan having disappeared during an ambush on 2 September 2008. Sarbi was later rediscovered by an American soldier, and was reunited with Australian forces pending repatriation to Australia.
Florida v. Jardines, 569 U.S. 1 (2013), was a United States Supreme Court case which resulted in the decision that police use of a trained detection dog to sniff for narcotics on the front porch of a private home is a "search" within the meaning of the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution, and therefore, without consent, requires both probable cause and a search warrant.
Florida v. Harris, 568 U.S. 237 (2013), was a case in which the United States Supreme Court addressed the reliability of a dog sniff by a detection dog trained to identify narcotics, under the specific context of whether law enforcement's assertions that the dog is trained or certified is sufficient to establish probable cause for a search of a vehicle under the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution. Harris was the first Supreme Court case to challenge the dog's reliability, backed by data that asserts that on average, up to 80% of a dog's alerts are wrong. Twenty-four U.S. States, the federal government, and two U.S. territories filed briefs in support of Florida as amici curiae.
In common with many of the expeditions of the Heroic Age, Douglas Mawson's Australasian Antarctic Expedition (AAE) employed dog-hauled sledges as a principal means of transportation during exploration of the continent. Dog sledges could carry more weight and travel faster than man-hauled sledges; they were more reliable in the freezing temperatures than motor-sledges; and dogs had proved to be more adaptable to harsh Antarctic conditions than ponies.
Knapweed Nightmare was the first dog trained "to locate a plant within a plant community" which enabled her to track down low densities of invasive non-native noxious weeds. Nightmare is a sable shepherd dog trained by Montana based, Rocky Mountain Command Dogs.
In law enforcement work, police dogs are used worldwide for a variety of purposes that include apprehension, detection, and search and rescue.