The String Quartet No. 4 in C minor , Op. 46, by Henrique Oswald was finished between July and August 1921. [1] It is the composer's last major chamber work. Approximate duration is 15 minutes.
In 1921 Oswald was already 69 years old. According to José Eduardo Martins, this quartet is a synthesis of his entire chamber production, with its musical texture being extremely pure. [1] On this composition Oswald's wife Laudômia wrote in her diary: "The daddy's Quartet is modern, splendid, especially the Adagio (November 29)." [2] Same year he composed the Étude for the left hand alone. [1]
The quartet had bad luck in Rio de Janeiro. On the contrary, a performance in São Paulo in February 1927 was highly successful. [3] Composer Ernani Braga commented it: "One can't say which of the three movements of this quartet to admire more. The inspiration flows clearly and spontaneously, as if it were coming from wonderful and inexhaustible ancient seas. The contrapuntal texture, although thick, never loses the qualities of clarity, which are essential." [4]
The fourth quartet was the last major chamber work by Oswald. In June 1927 he tried his hand with another string quartet (Op. 47), of which he sketched two versions, but none of them was finished. [5] Like his other string quartets, the fourth remains unpublished.
The quartet consists of three movements: [6]
The first movement opens with a highly emotional principal theme of the quartet stated by the violin alone. This theme provides material for most of the music of all the three movements. The second subject of the sonata form is in E♭ major. The development section is based mainly on it. After the recapitulation of the principal theme the secondary returns in C major. A brief coda concludes this movement.
The Adagio opens with accompaniment chords, and it is only when the violin enters with its theme that the tonality is clarified to F minor. This movement is written in a simple ternary form and has no expressively contrasting moments.
The C major finale changes the mood completely. it lasts only 4,5 minutes (just a little more than the Adagio). Yet it is in the sonata form, in agreement with the classical rules. The second subject is in G major, transposed in the recapitulation to C major. The cyclic character and thematic unity of the entire composition is emphasized by the introduction of the first movement principal theme in its original form to the development section. After its second appearance the slightly changed theme of the Adagio leads straight into the recapitulation.
Sonata form is a musical structure generally consisting of three main sections: an exposition, a development, and a recapitulation. It has been used widely since the middle of the 18th century.
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The Piano Quintet in F minor, Op. 34, by Johannes Brahms was completed during the summer of 1864 and published in 1865. It was dedicated to Her Royal Highness Princess Anna of Hesse. As with most piano quintets composed after Robert Schumann's Piano Quintet (1842), it is written for piano and string quartet.
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Cello Sonatas No. 1 and No. 2, Op. 5, are two sonatas for cello and piano written by Ludwig van Beethoven in 1796, while he was in Berlin. While there, Beethoven met the King of Prussia Friedrich Wilhelm II, an ardent music-lover and keen cellist. Although the sonatas are dedicated to Friedrich Wilhelm II, Ferdinand Ries tells us that Beethoven "played several times at the court, where he also played the two cello sonatas, opus 5, composed for Duport and himself". Although Jean-Pierre Duport was one of the King's teachers, it is now thought to have been his brother Jean-Louis Duport who had the honor of premiering these sonatas.
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Henrique José Pedro Maria Carlos Luis Oswald was a Brazilian composer and pianist.
The six string quartets Op. 20 by Joseph Haydn are among the works that earned Haydn the sobriquet "the father of the string quartet". The quartets are considered a milestone in the history of composition; in them, Haydn develops compositional techniques that were to define the medium for the next 200 years.
The Piano Quartet No. 1 in G minor, Op. 25, was composed by Johannes Brahms between 1856 and 1861. It was premiered in 1861 in Hamburg, with Clara Schumann at the piano. It was also played in Vienna on 16 November 1862, with Brahms himself at the piano supported by members of the Hellmesberger Quartet. Like most piano quartets, it is scored for piano, violin, viola, and cello.
The String Quartets, Op. 50, were composed by Joseph Haydn in 1787. The set of six quartets was dedicated to King Frederick William II of Prussia. For this reason the set is commonly known as the Prussian Quartets. Haydn sold the set to the Viennese firm Artaria and, without Artaria's knowledge, to the English publisher William Forster. Forster published it as Haydn's Opus 44. Haydn's autograph manuscripts for Nos. 3 to 6 of the set were discovered in Melbourne, Australia, in 1982.
The Piano Quintet in C major, Op. 18, by Henrique Oswald was finished in 1895. Like most of the piano quintets after the Schumann's, it is scored for piano, 2 violins, viola and cello. A typical performance takes 27–31 minutes.
The Piano Quartet No. 2 in G major, Op. 26 by Henrique Oswald was composed in the second half of 1898. It is scored for piano, violin, viola and cello. The approximate duration is 25–30 minutes.
The String Quartet No. 3, Op. 39, by Henrique Oswald was composed in 1908. It is dedicated to Antônio Francisco Braga.
The String Quartet No. 2 in E minor, Op. 17, by Henrique Oswald belongs to the most prolific years of his Italian period (1890s). It used to be known under the title Quarteto Brasileiro.
The Cello Sonata No. 1 in D minor, Op. 21, by Henrique Oswald was composed in 1898 in Florence. It is dedicated to composer Luigi Stefano Giarda. Approximate duration is 21 minutes.
The Sonata-Fantasia in E♭ major, Op. 44, by Henrique Oswald was composed in 1916. It is his second cello sonata. The approximate duration is 13–13½ minutes.

The Piano Quartets, WoO 36, by Ludwig van Beethoven are a set of three piano quartets, completed in 1785 when the composer was aged 14. They are scored for piano, violin, viola and cello. He composed a quartet in C major, another in E-flat major, and a third in D major. They were first published posthumously in 1828, however numbered in a different order: Piano Quartet No. 1 in E-flat major, Piano Quartet No. 2 in D major, and Piano Quartet No. 3 in C major.