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The Adler Papyri designates a collection of papyri established by Lord Elkan Nathan Adler during his visits to Egypt. The majority of the papyri belonged to the archive of Horos son of Nechoutes which he reportedly acquired in 1924, but the collection also included documents from the archive of Panas son of Espemetis and a few other items. Fifty-one of the papyri were published in a volume entitled The Adler Papyri. The published papyri are now in the Papyrus Carlsberg Collection at the University of Copenhagen.
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Papyrus is a material similar to thick paper that was used in ancient times as a writing surface. It was made from the pith of the papyrus plant, Cyperus papyrus, a wetland sedge. Papyrus can also refer to a document written on sheets of such material, joined together side by side and rolled up into a scroll, an early form of a book.
The Ebers Papyrus, also known as Papyrus Ebers, is an Egyptian medical papyrus of herbal knowledge dating to circa 1550 BC. Among the oldest and most important medical papyri of ancient Egypt, it was purchased at Luxor in the winter of 1873–74 by Georg Ebers. It is currently kept at the library of the University of Leipzig, in Germany.
Papyrology is the study of ancient literature, correspondence, legal archives, etc., as preserved in manuscripts written on papyrus, the most common form of writing material in the ancient civilizations of Egypt, Greece, and Rome. Papyrology includes both the translation and interpretation of ancient documents in a variety of languages and the care and preservation of rare papyrus originals.
Elkan Nathan Adler was an English author, lawyer, historian, and collector of Jewish books and manuscripts. Adler's father was Nathan Marcus Adler, Chief Rabbi of the British Empire. He traveled extensively and built an enormous library, particularly of old Jewish documents. Adler was among the first to explore the documents stored in the Cairo Genizah, being in fact the first European to enter it. During his visits to Cairo in 1888 and 1895 Adler collected and brought over 25,000 Genizah manuscript fragments back to England.
Oxyrhynchus is a city in Middle Egypt located about 160 km south-southwest of Cairo in Minya Governorate. It is also an archaeological site, considered one of the most important ever discovered. Since the late 19th century, the area around Oxyrhynchus has been excavated almost continually, yielding an enormous collection of papyrus texts dating from the Ptolemaic Kingdom and Roman Egypt. Among the texts discovered at Oxyrhynchus are plays of Menander, fragments from the Gospel of Thomas, and fragments from Euclid's Elements. They also include a few vellum manuscripts, and more recent Arabic manuscripts on paper.
Kim Steven Bardrum Ryholt is a professor of Egyptology at the University of Copenhagen and a specialist on Egyptian history and literature. He is director of the research center Canon and Identity Formation in the Earliest Literate Societies under the University of Copenhagen Programme of Excellence and director of The Papyrus Carlsberg Collection & Project.
Bernard Pyne Grenfell, FBA was an English scientist and Egyptologist.
Tebtunis was a city and later town in Lower Egypt. It was located in what is now the village of Tell Umm el-Baragat in the Faiyum Governorate. The town was known in Latin as Theodosiopolis. In Coptic, it became Toutōn. The present village of Tuṯun is located about 2.5 miles (4.0 km) south of Umm el-Baragat.
The Oxyrhynchus Papyri are a group of manuscripts discovered during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries by papyrologists Bernard Pyne Grenfell and Arthur Surridge Hunt at an ancient rubbish dump near Oxyrhynchus in Egypt.
Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 846 is a 6th-century manuscript of a portion of the Greek version of the Hebrew Bible known as the Septuagint. It is one of the manuscripts discovered in Oxyrhynchus, was cataloged under the number 846. Palaeographically dates back to the sixth century CE. It contains Amos 2:6-12. The manuscript is formatted in a single column per page. It has been numbered as 906 in the list of Septuagint manuscripts according to classification by Alfreda Rahlfs.
Egyptian medical papyri are ancient Egyptian texts written on papyrus which permit a glimpse at medical procedures and practices in ancient Egypt. The papyri give details on disease, diagnosis, and remedies of disease, which include herbal remedies, surgery, and magical spells. It is thought there were more medical papyri, but many have been lost due to grave robbing. The largest study of the medical papyri to date has been undertaken by Berlin University and was titled Medizin der alten Ägypter.
The Brooklyn Papyrus is a medical papyrus dating from ancient Egypt and is one of the oldest preserved writings about medicine and ophiology. The manuscript is dated to around 450 BC and is today kept at the Brooklyn Museum in New York.
The Carlsberg papyrus is an ancient Egyptian medical papyrus written in hieratic. The recto concerns eye diseases and the verso deals with birth prognoses. The recto text dates to the 18th Dynasty, while the verso was recorded several generations later. The papyrus is one of very few medical texts surviving from pharaonic Egypt.
Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 13 is a fragment of a letter to a King of Macedon, written in Greek. It was discovered by Grenfell and Hunt in 1897 in Oxyrhynchus. The fragment is dated to the second or third century. It is housed at Columbia University. The text was published by Grenfell and Hunt in 1898.
Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 15 is a fragment of an epigram by an unknown author, written in Greek. It was discovered by Grenfell and Hunt in 1897 in Oxyrhynchus. The fragment is dated to the third century. It is housed in the Glasgow University Library. The text was published by Grenfell and Hunt in 1898.
Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 52 is a report from two public physicians, written in Greek. The manuscript was written on papyrus in the form of a sheet. It was discovered by Grenfell and Hunt in 1897 in Oxyrhynchus. The document was written between 25 July and 23 August of the year 325. It is housed in the Glasgow University Library. The text was published by Grenfell and Hunt in 1898.
Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 88 is an order for payment of wheat, written in Greek. The manuscript was written on papyrus in the form of a sheet. It was discovered in Oxyrhynchus. The document was written on 31 October 179. Currently it is housed in the University Museum of the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia.
Horos son of Nechoutes was an Egyptian mercenary stationed in the military camp of Pathyris near Thebes in Upper Egypt. Many details about his life and family are known thanks to the survival of his private archive, written on papyrus, which was discovered in a jar in the early 1920s. The bulk of the papyri - more than fifty documents - was acquired by Lord Elkan Nathan Adler in 1924. They are, according, referred to as the "Adler Papyri". After Adler's death, they passed through several private collectors - being sold in 1948 to Martin Bodmer of Geneva, in 1970 to Hans P. Kraus of New York, and in 1989 to Martin Schøyen of Oslo - before they were acquired in 2012 for the Papyrus Carlsberg Collection with means provided by the Augustinus Foundation and the Carlsberg Foundation.
Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 267 is a fragment of an Agreement of Marriage in Greek. It was discovered in Oxyrhynchus. The manuscript was written on papyrus in the form of a sheet. It is dated to 22 May 37. Currently it is housed in the Milton S. Eisenhower Library of the Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore.
Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 295 is a fragment of a Letter of a Daughter, in Greek. It was discovered in Oxyrhynchus. The manuscript was written on papyrus in the form of a sheet. It was written about 35. Currently it is housed in the library of the Columbia University in New York City.