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The anthropic principle is a philosophical consideration that any data we collect about the universe is filtered by the fact that, in order for it to be observable in the first place, it must be compatible with the conscious and sapient life that observes it. Proponents of the anthropic principle reason that it explains why this universe has the age and the fundamental physical constants necessary to accommodate conscious life. As a result, outside the narrow range thought to be compatible with life it would seem impossible that life could develop. The strong anthropic principle (SAP), as explained by John D. Barrow and Frank Tipler, states that this is all the case because the universe is in some sense compelled to eventually have conscious and sapient life emerge within it. Some critics of the SAP argue in favor of a weak anthropic principle (WAP) similar to the one defined by Brandon Carter, which states that the universe's ostensible fine tuning is the result of selection bias : i.e., only in a universe capable of eventually supporting life will there be living beings capable of observing and reflecting on the matter. Most often such arguments draw upon some notion of the multiverse for there to be a statistical population of universes to select from and from which selection bias could occur.

Dysons eternal intelligence hypothetical concept in astrophysics

Dyson's eternal intelligence concept, proposed by Freeman Dyson in 1979, proposes a means by which an immortal society of intelligent beings in an open universe may escape the prospect of the heat death of the universe by extending subjective time to infinity even though expending only a finite amount of energy.

Florence County, Wisconsin U.S. county in Wisconsin

Florence County is a county located in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2010 census, the population was 4,423, making it the second-least populous county in Wisconsin after Menominee County. Its county seat is Florence.

Tipler, Wisconsin Town in Wisconsin, United States

Tipler is a town in Florence County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 205 at the 2000 census. The unincorporated community of Tipler is located in the town.

The International Society for Complexity, Information, and Design (ISCID) was an organization that described itself as "a cross-disciplinary professional society that investigates complex systems apart from external programmatic constraints like materialism, naturalism, or reductionism." It was founded and led by figures associated with the intelligent design movement, such as William A. Dembski and Michael Behe.

The Omega Point is the subject of a belief that everything in the universe is fated to spiral towards a final point of unification. The term was coined by the French Jesuit Catholic priest Pierre Teilhard de Chardin (1881–1955). Teilhard argued that the Omega Point resembles the Christian Logos, namely Christ, who draws all things into himself, who in the words of the Nicene Creed, is "God from God", "Light from Light", "True God from true God", and "through him all things were made". In the Book of Revelation, Christ describes himself thrice as "the Alpha and the Omega, the beginning and the end". The idea of the Omega Point is developed in later writings, such as those of John David Garcia (1971), Paolo Soleri (1981), Frank Tipler (1994), and David Deutsch (1997).

Frank Jennings Tipler is an American mathematical physicist and cosmologist, holding a joint appointment in the Departments of Mathematics and Physics at Tulane University. Tipler has written books and papers on the Omega Point based on Pierre Teilhard de Chardin's religious ideas, which he claims is a mechanism for the resurrection of the dead. He is also known for his theories on the Tipler cylinder time machine. George Ellis has argued that his theories are largely pseudoscience.

Eddington number number of protons in the observable universe

In astrophysics, the Eddington number, NEdd, is the number of protons in the observable universe. The term is named for British astrophysicist Arthur Eddington, who in 1938 was the first to propose a value of NEdd and to explain why this number might be important for physical cosmology and the foundations of physics.

John D. Barrow British scientist

John David Barrow is an English cosmologist, theoretical physicist, and mathematician. Most recently, he served as Gresham Professor of Geometry at Gresham College from 2008 to 2011. Barrow is also a writer of popular science and an amateur playwright.

A Tipler cylinder, also called a Tipler time machine, is a hypothetical object theorized to be a potential mode of time travel—although results have shown that a Tipler cylinder could only allow time travel if its length were infinite or with the existence of negative energy.

In mathematics and computer science, Zeno machines are a hypothetical computational model related to Turing machines that allows a countably infinite number of algorithmic steps to be performed in finite time. These machines are ruled out in most models of computation.

Wolfhart Pannenberg German theologian

Wolfhart Pannenberg was a German Lutheran theologian. He has made a number of significant contributions to modern theology, including his concept of history as a form of revelation centered on the resurrection of Christ, which has been widely debated in both Protestant and Catholic theology, as well as by non-Christian thinkers.

In philosophy, theophysics is an approach to cosmology that attempts to reconcile physical cosmology and religious cosmology. It is related to physicotheology, the difference between them being that the aim of physicotheology is to derive theology from physics, whereas that of theophysics is to unify physics and theology.

Abraham H. Taub American mathematician

Abraham Haskel Taub was a distinguished American mathematician and physicist, well known for his important contributions to the early development of general relativity, as well as differential geometry and differential equations.

Wisconsin Highway 139 highway in Wisconsin

State Trunk Highway 139 is a state highway in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. It runs in north–south in north central Wisconsin from the Michigan State Line and its connection with M-189 at the Brule River approximately four miles north of Tipler in Florence County to a junction with US 8 near Cavour in central Forest County. STH 139 has an approximately three mile long concurrency with STH 70 beginning roughly one mile west of Tipler. Along its route, STH 139 serves as the main access route to Long Lake and serves parts of the Nicolet side of the Chequamegon-Nicolet National Forest.

Omega Point is an idea in philosophy (eschatology) advanced by Pierre Teilhard de Chardin.

Tulane University School of Science and Engineering

The Tulane University School of Science and Engineering (SSE) was established in the fall of 2005 as part of the Tulane Renewal Plan, when the Faculty of the Liberal Arts and Sciences and the School of Engineering were reorganized into two schools, the School of Liberal Arts and the School of Science and Engineering.

Tipler (community), Wisconsin Unincorporated community in Wisconsin, United States

Tipler is an unincorporated community in the town of Tipler, Florence County, Wisconsin, United States. Tipler is located along Wisconsin Highway 70 18.5 miles (29.8 km) west of Florence. The community is located within Nicolet National Forest.

Hatchville, Wisconsin Unincorporated community in Wisconsin, United States

Hatchville is an unincorporated community located in the towns of Lucas and Weston in Dunn County, Wisconsin, Spring Lake in Pierce County, Wisconsin, and Cady in St. Croix County, Wisconsin, United States. The community was named for two brothers, Frank and Ed Hatch, who owned and operated a combined store and community center. Frank Hatch opened the post office in November 1889.

Maryanne Tipler New Zealand mathematics educator

Maryanne Jennifer Tipler is a New Zealand mathematics educator who has incorporated New Zealand culture into her "43 mathematics textbooks, 28 teacher files and nine homework books for primary, intermediate and secondary students", used in 85% of New Zealand schools.