Treaty of Melfi

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The Treaty of Melfi or Concordat of Melfi was signed on 23 August 1059 between Pope Nicholas II and the Norman princes Robert Guiscard and Richard I of Capua. Based on the terms of the accord, the Pope recognized the Norman conquest of Southern Italy. Moreover, the Pope recognized Robert Guiscard as Duke of Apulia and Calabria, and as Count of Sicily.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Robert Guiscard</span> Duke of Apulia and Calabria (1015–1085)

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Battle of Civitate</span> 1053 battle between the Normans and a coalition of Swabian, Italian, and Lombard forces

The Battle of Civitate was fought on 18 June 1053 in southern Italy, between the Normans, led by the Count of Apulia Humphrey of Hauteville, and a Swabian-Italian-Lombard army, organised by Pope Leo IX and led on the battlefield by Gerard, Duke of Lorraine, and Rudolf, Prince of Benevento. The Norman victory over the allied papal army marked the climax of a conflict between the Norman mercenaries who came to southern Italy in the eleventh century, the de Hauteville family, and the local Lombard princes. By 1059 the Normans would create an alliance with the papacy, which included a formal recognition by Pope Nicholas II of the Norman conquest in south Italy, investing Robert Guiscard as Duke of Apulia and Calabria, and Count of Sicily.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Battle of Dyrrhachium (1081)</span> Part of the First Norman invasion of the Balkans

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Castle of Melfi</span>

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