TzNIC

Tanzania Network Information Center
Founded	2006
Type	Non-profit organization
Location	Dar es Salaam, Tanzania;
Website	www.tznic.or.tz

Last updated March 23, 2019

TzNIC, or the Tanzania Network Information Center is a non-profit organization and a Public Private Partnership (PPP) established by the Tanzania Communications Regulatory Authority (TCRA) and Tanzania Internet Service Providers Association (TISPA) to manage and control the operations of the ccTLD for Tanzania, .tz. It is also responsible for managing the second-level domains that come under .tz. The Tanzania Network Information Center was established on 16 November 2006 with the certificate of incorporation No. 58303. The center was established as company limited by guarantee and not by having a share capital as per the Laws of Tanzania (Chapter 212).^[1]

.tz is the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Tanzania. Registrations are at the third level beneath these second-level names:

In the Domain Name System (DNS) hierarchy, a second-level domain is a domain that is directly below a top-level domain (TLD). For example, in example.com, example is the second-level domain of the .com TLD.

History

In June 1993, three Tanzanians, Prof. Beda Mutagahwa, Bill Sangiwa, and Kitalima Mabula, with the help of Internet Pioneer Randy Bush, began the registration process to set up the .tz ccTLD. In accordance with ISO-3166 standards, the ccTLD was registered through IANA and ICANN. The registration was successful, and with the assistance of the government of United Republic of Tanzania, work for the development of country's Internet began with the Prof. Beda as the Director of the University Computing Center and Randy Bush as the technical contact for the ccTLD. .tz became operational in August 1994. In mid-2005, a committee was set up for the establishing TzNIC as the ccTLD operator. On 30 April 2010, ICANN approved the re-delegation of .tz to TzNIC.^[2]

The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) is a function of ICANN, a nonprofit private American corporation that oversees global IP address allocation, autonomous system number allocation, root zone management in the Domain Name System (DNS), media types, and other Internet Protocol-related symbols and Internet numbers.

The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers is a nonprofit organization responsible for coordinating the maintenance and procedures of several databases related to the namespaces and numerical spaces of the Internet, ensuring the network's stable and secure operation. ICANN performs the actual technical maintenance work of the Central Internet Address pools and DNS root zone registries pursuant to the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) function contract. The contract regarding the IANA stewardship functions between ICANN and the National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA) of the United States Department of Commerce ended on October 1, 2016, formally transitioning the functions to the global multistakeholder community.

Functions of TzNIC

The important functions performed by TzNIC include the following:

Proper regulation and management of the .tz domain name space.
To meet international standards for the ccTLD management and all the second level domain names related to it.
To register domain names by providing correct guidelines to consumers, and working with associated registries and registrars for the appropriate regulation and management of the registration of the domain names.
Issue regular guidelines about the management and registration of the .tz domain name space.
Issue information and create awareness about the various standard procedures and requirements essential for the domain name registration.
Issue important notices for any alterations or changes to any guidelines, policies, or rules related to the registration of the .tz domain name space.^[1]

Structure

The TzNIC members are at the top of the hierarchy, constituting the main portion of the body, followed by the Policy Advisory Committee (PAC) and then the Manager. The Manager coordinates the Legal, Financial and Technical Officers and the Office Management Secretary. An Accounts Assistant assists the Financial Officer and a Systems Engineer assists the Technical Officer.^[1]

Related Research Articles

A top-level domain (TLD) is one of the domains at the highest level in the hierarchical Domain Name System of the Internet. The top-level domain names are installed in the root zone of the name space. For all domains in lower levels, it is the last part of the domain name, that is, the last label of a fully qualified domain name. For example, in the domain name www.example.com, the top-level domain is com. Responsibility for management of most top-level domains is delegated to specific organizations by the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN), which operates the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA), and is in charge of maintaining the DNS root zone.

A domain name is a label that identifies a network domain: a distinct group of computers under a central administration or authority.

.hk is the designated Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Hong Kong. It is administered by the Hong Kong Internet Registration Corporation (HKIRC), the only organization endorsed by the Hong Kong Government to undertake the administration of 'hk' domain names. Hong Kong Internet Registration Corporation (HKIRC) is a non-profit making, non-statutory, member-based corporation established in 2001.

Internationalized domain name Internet domain name that contains at least one label that is displayed in software applications, in whole or in part, in a language-specific script or alphabet

An internationalized domain name (IDN) is an Internet domain name that contains at least one label that is displayed in software applications, in whole or in part, in a language-specific script or alphabet, such as Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Tamil, Hebrew or the Latin alphabet-based characters with diacritics or ligatures, such as French. These writing systems are encoded by computers in multi-byte Unicode. Internationalized domain names are stored in the Domain Name System as ASCII strings using Punycode transcription.

The domain name ae is the country code top-level domain (ccTLD) in the Domain Name System of the Internet for the United Arab Emirates. It is administered by .aeDA which is part of the UAE Telecommunications Regulatory Authority.

.sa Internet country-code top level domain for Saudi Arabia

.sa is the Latin alphabet Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) of Saudi Arabia. Domains of this type can be registered through SaudiNIC, a department of the Communications and Information Technology Commission. The Arabic alphabet ccTLD of Saudi Arabia is السعودية.

.il is the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) of Israel. It is administered by the Israel Internet Association and managed by NIC - ISRAEL, which hosts the DNS Root Server and manages the Israeli Internet Exchange, that supports IPv4 and IPv6.

.gr Internet country-code top level domain for Greece

.gr is the country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Greece. Registrations are processed via accredited registrars and domain names in Greek characters may also be registered.

.so Internet country-code top level domain for Somalia

.so is the internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Somalia. After a long absence, the .so domain was officially relaunched on November 1, 2010, by .SO Registry, which is regulated by the nation's Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications. It was launched through various accredited registrars around the world.

. NA is the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Namibia corresponding to the two letter code from the ISO-3166 standard.

WHOIS is a query and response protocol that is widely used for querying databases that store the registered users or assignees of an Internet resource, such as a domain name, an IP address block or an autonomous system, but is also used for a wider range of other information. The protocol stores and delivers database content in a human-readable format. The WHOIS protocol is documented in RFC 3912.

The Domain Name System of the Internet consists of a set of top-level domains which constitute the root domain of the hierarchical name space and database. In the growth of the Internet, it became desirable to expand the set of initially six generic top-level domains in 1984. As a result, new top-level domain names have been proposed for implementation by ICANN. Such proposals included a variety of models ranging from adoption of policies for unrestricted gTLDs that could be registered by anyone for any purpose, to chartered gTLDs for specialized uses by specialized organizations. In October 2000, ICANN published a list of proposals for top-level domain strings it had received.

A GeoTLD is a top-level domain in the Domain Name System of the Internet using the name of or invoking an association with a geographical, geopolitical, ethnic, linguistic or cultural community.

The domain name .рф is the Cyrillic country code top-level domain for the Russian Federation, in the Domain Name System of the Internet. In the Domain Name System it has the ASCII DNS name xn--p1ai. The domain accepts only Cyrillic subdomain applications, and is the first Cyrillic implementation of the Internationalizing Domain Names in Applications (IDNA) system. The domain became operational on 13 May 2010. As of 2014 it is the most used internationalized country code top-level domain, with around 900,000 domain names.

An internationalized country code top-level domain is a top-level domain in the Domain Name System (DNS) of the Internet. IDN ccTLDs are specially encoded domain names that are displayed in an end user application, such as a web browser, in their language-native script or alphabet, such as the Arabic alphabet, or a non-alphabetic writing system, such as Chinese characters. IDN ccTLDs are an application of the internationalized domain name system to top-level Internet domains assigned to countries, or independent geographic regions.

Domain registration is the process of acquiring a domain name from a domain name registrar.

KENIC was established through the facilitation of the (CCK). KENIC is the entity charged with the management and the administration of the dot ke Country Code Top-Level Domain name.

Randy Bush is a member of technical staff at Arrcus and a research fellow at Internet Initiative Japan. He was among the inaugural inductees into the Internet Hall of Fame in 2012, given by the Internet Society.

References

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[About-1] 1 2 3 TzNIC About Us

[2] TzNIC History