Vector path

Vector path refers to a mathematically defined shape used in vector graphics to represent outlines, shapes, or trajectories through a set of connected points. Unlike raster graphics, which consist of pixels, vector paths are composed of anchor points and control handles, allowing for resolution-independent scaling and precise editing.

Characteristics

A vector path is constructed using:

• Anchor points: define the start, end, and corners of a shape.
• Segments: straight or curved lines that connect anchor points.
• Control handles: determine the curvature of segments, especially when defining Bézier curves. ^[1]

Paths can be classified as:

• Open paths: with distinct starting and ending points (e.g., lines, curves).
• Closed paths: where the start and end meet to form enclosed shapes such as circles or polygons. ^[2]

Advantages

Vector paths offer several benefits compared to raster-based representations:

• Resolution independence: paths retain quality at any display resolution or scale. ^[3]
• Editability: shapes and curves can be modified by adjusting anchor points and handles.
• Smaller file sizes: vector files typically use less storage than high-resolution raster images. ^[4]

Applications

Vector paths are fundamental to many fields within computer graphics and design:

• Logo and branding design: ensure clarity at all sizes.
• Typography: letterforms are created from connected vector paths. ^[5]
• Technical drawing: essential for computer-aided design (CAD), engineering, and architecture.
• Web and UI design: used in Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) for responsive and animated interfaces. ^[6]

File formats and software

Vector paths are commonly stored and manipulated in file formats such as:

• SVG
• EPS
• PDF

Popular software supporting vector path creation includes:

• Adobe Illustrator
• CorelDRAW
• Inkscape ^[7]
• Affinity Designer

Rendering

To display a vector path on screen or in print, a rendering engine may apply:

• A stroke : outlining the path with a visible line.
• A fill : coloring the interior of a closed path.

Rendering behaviors vary by implementation, especially in how corners (joins), line endings (caps), and fill rules are interpreted. ^[8]

See also

• Vector graphics
• Raster graphics
• Bézier curve
• Clipping path
• SVG
• Typography
• Computer-aided design
• Display resolution
• Anchor point
• Stroke (graphics)
• Fill (graphic design)

References

1. "What is a Bézier curve?". TechTarget. Retrieved 24 June 2025.
2. "Open vs. Closed Paths in Vector Design". Vectornator. Retrieved 24 June 2025.
3. "What is Vector Art?". Kittl. Retrieved 24 June 2025.
4. "Raster vs Vector: What's the Difference?". 99designs. Retrieved 24 June 2025.
5. "Understanding Vector Fonts". Fonts.com. Retrieved 24 June 2025.
6. "SVG Essentials: Paths". MDN Web Docs. Retrieved 24 June 2025.
7. "Inkscape Features". Inkscape Project. Retrieved 24 June 2025.
8. Stone, Maureen (2003). A Field Guide to Digital Color. A K Peters.