The Abydos King List, also known as the Abydos Table, is a list of the names of 76 kings of ancient Egypt, found on a wall of the Temple of Seti I at Abydos, Egypt. It consists of three rows of 38 cartouches (borders enclosing the name of a king) in each row. The upper two rows contain names of the kings, while the third row merely repeats Seti I's throne name and nomen.
Besides providing the order of the Old Kingdom kings, it is the sole source to date of the names of many of the kings of the Seventh and Eighth Dynasties, so the list is valued greatly for that reason.
This list omits the names of many earlier pharaohs who were apparently considered illegitimate — those were Mentuhotep I, Intef I, Intef II, Intef III, Mentuhotep IV, Sobekneferu, pharaohs of the Ninth Dynasty, pharaohs of the Tenth Dynasty, the Hyksos, pharaohs of the Second Intermediate Period, Hatshepsut, Akhenaten, Smenkhkare, Neferneferuaten, Tutankhamen, and Ay.
Cartouches 1 to 8 | n° | Name written in the list | Common name |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Meni. Same name in Turin King List. Probably identical to Narmer. | Menes | |
2 | Teti. Same name in Turin King List. | Hor-Aha | |
3 | Iti. Same name in Turin King List. | Djer | |
4 | Ita. Itui in Turin King List. | Djet | |
5 | Septi. Qenti in Turin King List. | Den | |
6 | Meribiap. Merbiapen in Turin King List. | Anedjib | |
7 | Semsu. Semsem in Turin King List. | Semerkhet. | |
8 | Qebeh. Same name in Turin King List. | Qa'a. |
Cartouches 9 to 14 | n° | Name written in the list | Common name |
---|---|---|---|
9 | Bedjau. Baunetjer in Turin King List. | Hotepsekhemwy | |
10 | Kakau. Same name in Turin King List. | Nebre | |
11 | Banetjer. Same name in Turin King List. | Ninetjer | |
12 | Wadjnas. Name damaged in Turin King List. | Weneg | |
13 | Sendi. Senedj in Turin King List. | Senedj | |
14 | Djadjay. Bebti in Turin King List. | Khasekhemwy |
Cartouches 15 to 19 | n° | Name written in the list | Common name |
---|---|---|---|
15 | Nebka. Same name in Turin King List. | Nebka | |
16 | Djeser-za. Djoser-it in Turin King List. | Djoser | |
17 | Teti. Djoser-ti in Turin King List. | Sekhemkhet | |
18 | Sedjes. Hudjefa in Turin King List. | Khaba | |
19 | Neferkara. Huni in Turin King List. | Huni |
Cartouches 20 to 25 | n° | Name written in the list | Common name |
---|---|---|---|
20 | Sneferu. Senefer in Turin King List. | Sneferu | |
21 | Khufu. Name missing in Turin King List. | Khufu | |
22 | Djedefre. Name missing in Turin King List. | Djedefre | |
23 | Khafre. Name damaged in Turin King List | Khafre | |
24 | Menkaure. Name missing in Turin King List. | Menkaure | |
25 | Shepseskaf. Name missing in Turin King List. | Shepseskaf |
Cartouches 26 to 33 | n° | Name written in the list | Common name |
---|---|---|---|
26 | Userkaf. Name damaged in Turin king list. | Userkaf | |
27 | Sahure. Name missing in Turin King List. | Sahure | |
28 | Kakai. Name missing in Turin King List. | Neferirkare Kakai | |
29 | Neferefre. Name missing in Turin King List. | Neferefre | |
30 | Nyuserre. Name missing in Turin King List. | Nyuserre Ini | |
31 | Menkauhor. Same name in Turin King List. | Menkauhor Kaiu | |
32 | Djedkare. Djed in Turin King List. | Djedkare Isesi | |
33 | Unis. Same name in Turin King List. | Unas |
Cartouches 34 to 39 | n° | Name written in the list | Common name |
---|---|---|---|
34 | Teti | Teti | |
35 | Userkare | Userkare | |
36 | Meryre | Pepi I Meryre | |
37 | Merenre | Merenre Nemtyemsaf I | |
38 | Neferkare | Pepi II Neferkare | |
39 | Merenre Saemsaf | Merenre Nemtyemsaf II |
Cartouches 40 to 47 | n° | Name written in the list | Common name |
---|---|---|---|
40 | Netjerikare. Neitiqerty in Turin King List. | Netjerkare Siptah | |
41 | Menkare. Neferka in Turin King List. | Menkare | |
42 | Neferkare. Nefer in Turin King List. | Neferkare II | |
43 | Neferkare Neby. Name missing in Turin King List. | Neferkare Neby | |
44 | Djedkare Shemai. Name missing in Turin King List. | Djedkare Shemai | |
45 | Neferkare Khendu. Name missing in Turin King List. | Neferkare Khendu | |
46 | Merenhor. Name missing in Turin King List. | Merenhor | |
47 | Sneferka. Name missing in Turin King List. | Neferkamin |
Cartouches 48 to 56 | n° | Name written in the list | Common name |
---|---|---|---|
48 | Nikare. Name missing in Turin King List. | Nikare | |
49 | Neferkare Tereru. Name missing in Turin King List. | Neferkare Tereru | |
50 | Neferkahor. Name missing in Turin King List. | Neferkahor | |
51 | Neferkare Pepiseneb. Name missing in Turin King List. | Neferkare Pepiseneb | |
52 | Sneferka Anu. Name missing in Turin King List. | Neferkamin Anu | |
53 | Kaukara. Ibi in Turin King List. | Qakare Ibi | |
54 | Neferkaure. Neferkare in Turin King List. | Neferkaure II | |
55 | Neferkauhor. Name missing in Turin King List. | Neferkauhor | |
56 | Neferirkare. Name missing in Turin King List. | Neferirkare |
Cartouches 57 to 61 | n° | Name written in the list | Common name |
---|---|---|---|
57 | Nebhepetre. Same name in Turin King List. | Mentuhotep II | |
58 | Sankhkare. Seankhkare in Turin King List. | Mentuhotep III | |
59 | Sehetepibre. Name damaged in Turin King List. | Amenemhat I | |
60 | Kheperkare. Name damaged in Turin King List. | Senusret I | |
61 | Nubkaure. Name missing in Turin King List. | Amenemhat II |
Cartouches 62 to 65 | n° | Name written in the list | Common name |
---|---|---|---|
62 | Khakheperre. Name missing in Turin King List. | Senusret II | |
63 | Khakaure. Name missing in Turin King List. | Senusret III | |
64 | Nimaatre. Name missing in Turin King List. | Amenemhat III | |
65 | Maakherure. Same name in Turin King List. | Amenemhat IV |
Cartouches 66 to 74 | n° | Name written in the list | Common name |
---|---|---|---|
66 | Nebpehtira | Ahmose I | |
67 | Djeserkara | Amenhotep I | |
68 | Aakheperkara | Thutmose I | |
69 | Aakheperenra | Thutmose II | |
70 | Menkheperra | Thutmose III | |
71 | Aakheperura | Amenhotep II | |
72 | Menkheperura | Thutmose IV | |
73 | Nebmaatra | Amenhotep III | |
74 | Djeserkheperura Setepenra | Horemheb |
Cartouches 75 and 76 | n° | Name written in the list | Common name |
---|---|---|---|
75 | Menpehtira | Ramesses I | |
76 | Menmaatra | Seti I |
Abydos is one of the oldest cities of ancient Egypt, and also of the eighth nome in Upper Egypt. It is located about 11 kilometres west of the Nile at latitude 26° 10' N, near the modern Egyptian towns of El Araba El Madfuna and El Balyana. In the ancient Egyptian language, the city was called Abedju (Arabic Abdu عبد-و). The English name Abydos comes from the Greek Ἄβυδος, a name borrowed by Greek geographers from the unrelated city of Abydos on the Hellespont. Abydos name in hieroglyphs
The First Intermediate Period, described as a 'dark period' in ancient Egyptian history, spanned approximately 125 years, c. 2181–2055 BC, after the end of the Old Kingdom. It comprises the Seventh, Eighth, Ninth, Tenth, and part of the Eleventh Dynasties. The concept of a "First Intermediate Period" was coined in 1926 by Egyptologists Georg Steindorff and Henri Frankfort.
The history of ancient Egypt spans the period from the early prehistoric settlements of the northern Nile valley to the Roman conquest of Egypt in 30 BC. The pharaonic period, the period in which Egypt was ruled by a pharaoh, is dated from the 32nd century BC, when Upper and Lower Egypt were unified, until the country fell under Macedonian rule in 332 BC.
The Eleventh Dynasty of ancient Egypt is a well-attested group of rulers. Its earlier members before Pharaoh Mentuhotep II are grouped with the four preceding dynasties to form the First Intermediate Period, whereas the later members are considered part of the Middle Kingdom. They all ruled from Thebes in Upper Egypt.
Mentuhotep II, also known under his prenomen Nebhepetre, was an ancient Egyptian pharaoh, the sixth ruler of the Eleventh Dynasty. He is credited with reuniting Egypt, thus ending the turbulent First Intermediate Period and becoming the first pharaoh of the Middle Kingdom. He reigned for 51 years, according to the Turin King List. Mentuhotep II succeeded his father Intef III on the throne and was in turn succeeded by his son Mentuhotep III.
Mentuhotep I may have been a Theban nomarch and independent ruler of Upper Egypt during the early First Intermediate Period. Alternatively, Mentuhotep I may be a fictional figure created during the later Eleventh Dynasty, which rose to prominence under Intef II and Mentuhotep II, playing the role of a founding father.
Sehertawy Intef I was a local nomarch at Thebes during the early First Intermediate Period and the first member of the 11th Dynasty to lay claim to a Horus name. Intef reigned from 4 to 16 years c. 2120 BC or c. 2070 BC during which time he probably waged war with his northern neighbor, the Coptite nomarch Tjauti. Intef was buried in a saff tomb at El-Tarif, known today as Saff el-Dawaba.
Wahankh Intef II was the third ruler of the Eleventh Dynasty of Egypt during the First Intermediate Period. He reigned for almost fifty years from 2112 BC to 2063 BC. His capital was located at Thebes. In his time, Egypt was split between several local dynasties. He was buried in a saff tomb at El-Tarif.
Intef III was the third pharaoh of the Eleventh Dynasty of Egypt during the late First Intermediate Period in the 21st century BC, at a time when Egypt was divided in two kingdoms. The son of his predecessor Intef II and father of his successor Mentuhotep II, Intef III reigned for 8 years over Upper Egypt and extended his domain North against the 10th Dynasty state, perhaps as far north as the 17th nome. He undertook some building activity on Elephantine. Intef III is buried in a large saff tomb at El-Tarif known as Saff el-Barqa.
El-Tarif is a necropolis on the West Bank of the Nile, at the site of ancient Thebes (Luxor), Egypt. It is located in the northwestern outskirts of Luxor and southeast of the Valley of the Kings, opposite Karnak, just to the southwest of the modern village of At-Tarif. It is the oldest of West Thebes' necropolises. It is a small mortuary temple, and the farthest north of the Tombs of the Nobles, and contains tombs of the late First Intermediate Period, Second Intermediate Period and early Middle Kingdom. Old Kingdom mastabas are possibly attributed to local rulers of the Fourth or Fifth Dynasty. Eleventh Dynasty tombs of local rulers have also been noted in the form of a series of rock-cut tombs dated to 2061–2010 BCE, the largest of which are Intef I to Intef III, who were kings of this dynasty.
Nubkheperre Intef was an Egyptian king of the Seventeenth Dynasty of Egypt at Thebes during the Second Intermediate Period, when Egypt was divided by rival dynasties including the Hyksos in Lower Egypt.
Sekhemre Wahkhau Rahotep was an Egyptian pharaoh who reigned during the Second Intermediate Period, when Egypt was ruled by multiple kings. The Egyptologists Kim Ryholt and Darrell Baker believe that Rahotep was the first king of the 17th Dynasty.
This page list topics related to ancient Egypt.
Neferu I was the first queen of Ancient Egyptian Eleventh dynasty. She was a wife of the Pharaoh Mentuhotep I.
Iah was a king's mother and queen of ancient Egypt c. 2060 BC, during the mid 11th Dynasty. Daughter of a pharaoh, possibly Intef II, and mother of pharaoh Mentuhotep II, she was the queen of Intef III.
Seth Meribre was a little known king during the 13th Dynasty.
Intef, whose name is commonly accompanied by epithets such as the Elder, the Great or born of Iku, was a Theban nomarch during the First Intermediate Period c. 2150 BC and later considered a founding figure of the 11th Dynasty, which eventually reunified Egypt.
The temple of Seti I, also known as the Great Temple of Abydos, is one of the main historical sites in Abydos. The temple was built by pharaoh Seti I. At the rear of the temple there is the Osireion.