Bro'Town

Last updated

bro'Town
Bro'Town Cast.jpg
Genre Sitcom
Created by Elizabeth Mitchell
Naked Samoans
Based onThe performance of the local four-man group The Naked Samoans
Developed byNaked Samoans
Written byElizabeth Mitchell
Naked Samoans
Mario Gaoa
David Fane
Shimpal Lelisi
Oscar Kightley
Screenplay byElizabeth Mitchell
Naked Samoans
Mario Gaoa
David Fane
Shimpal Lelisi
Oscar Kightley
Directed byElizabeth Mitchell
Ali Ekeroma Cowley
Maka Makatoa
Creative directorsAli Ekeroma Cowley
Maka Makatoa
Presented byFirehorse Films
Starring Mario Gaoa
David Fane
Shimpal Lelisi
Oscar Kightley
Voices ofMario Gaoa
David Fane
Shimpal Lelisi
Oscar Kightley
Theme music composerKyan Laslett O'Brien
Opening themeVarious music
Ending themeVarious music
Composers Nesian Mystik, Matthew Wilson, Christopher James.
Country of originNew Zealand
Original languageEnglish
No. of seasons5
No. of episodes32 (list of episodes)
Production
Executive producer Trevor Haysom
ProducersElizabeth Mitchell
James Griffin
Production location Morningside, Auckland, New Zealand
CinematographyNaked Samoans
Editors Dave Armstrong
Anthony Farac
Steven Sinkovich
Emma Papaconstantinou
Camera setupAnimated rendition of single-camera
Running time22 minutes
Production companies Firehorse Films
NZ on Air
DQ Entertainment
Toon City Animation
Original release
Network TV3
Release22 September 2004 (2004-09-22) 
24 May 2009 (2009-05-24)

bro'Town is a New Zealand adult animated comedy television series and sitcom that ran from 2004 to 2009. It starred David Fane, Mario Gaoa, Shimpal Lelisi and Oscar Kightley.

Contents

Overview

The main characters in the series are five 14 year old Polynesian New Zealand boys who live in Morningside, Auckland, New Zealand. [1] They attend the local college, St Sylvester's. It was New Zealand's first primetime animated television show and was very popular when it started in 2004 with 33 per cent of the viewing audience during its 8-8.30pm time slot for the first season. [1] [2] bro'Town is heavy with popular culture references, and is based on the comedy theatre group The Naked Samoans . [3] The series has faced criticism often for being racist, for example every episode of the first season received complaints. [1] The writers often describe the humour as being 'not PC' (politically correct) and is satire with characters being sent-up. One of the series writers Oscar Kightley says of the humour, "The only reason we get away with that irreverence and edgy stuff is because on the flipside is heart." [4] [5]

bro'Town has left a lasting legacy on popular culture in New Zealand driven by its urban Pacific Island culture. [1] [2] [4] [6] It has been critically acclaimed "as hilarious and alarmingly true to life", [7] studied at universities, [8] [5] and used for health messages in a cartoon booklet with information about rheumatic fever. [9]

Production

Produced by New Zealand company Firehorse Films which was created by Elizabeth Mitchell for bro'Town and funded by New Zealand On Air. [1] The lead designer was Ant Sang who was responsible for character, location and prop designs. [10] bro'Town was made using three animation studios – two in New Zealand and one in India – and involved over 100 staff. The series was done in traditional ink and paint animation.[ citation needed ] The show satirises the boys' culture, with dialogue in the local vernacular. The series includes references to New Zealand literature, particularly the novels and short stories of Witi Ihimaera. The series has strong religious references, with most episodes starting with events between God, Jesus Christ and other historical figures, which leads to the theme of the episode and the subsequent events between the boys.[ citation needed ]

Characters

The Boys

Other characters of Morningside

Tapili family

School folk and students

Figures in Heaven

There are also two female angels Angelina and Angelita.

Occasionally, deceased relatives such as Pepelo's wife (Vale and Valea's mother), or Jeff da Maori's Auntie Queenie are featured, appearing in dreams to communicate with the living.

Guest stars

bro'Town frequently features special guests – notable celebrities from politics, art, culture, music, the media, business and sport. The most regular cameos are John Campbell and Carol Hirschfeld, newsreaders from TV3 at the time. Former All Blacks and Manu Samoa player Michael Jones plays the P.E. teacher at St Sylvester's. Former New Zealand Prime Minister Helen Clark has appeared in all seasons except the last and rapper Scribe has been a guest on five seasons of bro'Town. A feature of the series are cameos of people playing themselves. This includes Russell Crowe, Rove McManus, Robyn Malcolm, Neil and Tim Finn, Lucy Lawless, Flight of the Conchords, H.R.H. Charles, Prince of Wales, Sir Howard Morrison, Keisha Castle-Hughes, Cliff Curtis and Madeline Sami. [14] [15]

Episodes

SeasonEpisodesOriginally released
First releasedLast released
1 6September 22, 2004 (2004-09-22)October 27, 2004 (2004-10-27)
2 7September 15, 2005 (2005-09-15)October 26, 2005 (2005-10-26)
3 7September 27, 2006 (2006-09-27)November 8, 2006 (2006-11-08)
46October 11, 2007 (2007-10-11)November 15, 2007 (2007-11-15)
5 6April 19, 2009 (2009-04-19)May 24, 2009 (2009-05-24)

Season 1 (2004)

No.
overall
No. in
season
TitleDirected byWritten byOriginal release date
11"The Weakest Link"N/AThe Naked Samoans, David Fane, & Mario Gaoa September 22, 2004 (2004-09-22)
After being run over by a bus, Valea suddenly becomes the brainiest boy in Morningside, and the boys stun the school by making it through to the televised finals of the national quiz show.
22"Sionerella"N/A David Fane, Mario Gaoa, & Oscar Kightley September 29, 2004 (2004-09-29)
Sione finally gets the chance to impress the girl of his dreams at the school ball, but his mother Mrs Tapili and his rival Rex Ruka do all they can to ruin his chances.
33"The Wong One"N/A David Fane, Mario Gaoa, & Oscar Kightley October 6, 2004 (2004-10-06)
Wong from Hong Kong arrives in Morningside and Dad takes him in as a homestay visitor, but a case of mistaken identity sees Vale kidnapped in Wong's place by the legendary Grasshopper...a hot Asian chick with incredible martial arts skills!
44"Get Rucked"N/A David Fane, Mario Gaoa, & Oscar Kightley October 13, 2004 (2004-10-13)
It's the annual rugby match against the St Sylvester's Old Boys, but when the school 1st XV comes down with food poisoning the boys have to play against a crack multi-code team featuring Joe Rokocoko, Tana Umaga and Stacey Jones!
55"A Maori at My Table"N/A David Fane, Mario Gaoa, & Oscar Kightley October 20, 2004 (2004-10-20)
The boys go on a trip to Jeff's marae, which turns out to be a tangi, and the mantle of leadership is suddenly thrust upon an unsuspecting Jeff.
66"Go Home Stay Home" Maka Makatoa David Fane, Mario Gaoa, & Oscar Kightley October 27, 2004 (2004-10-27)
When Constable Bababiba discovers that Vale and Valea have been left home alone, he sends Vale to a bad boys home and Valea to a rich, white family in Parnell. But when Dad realises he is no longer eligible for his benefit he launches a bid to bring his boys back home!

Season 2 (2005)

No.
overall
No. in
season
TitleDirected byWritten byOriginal release date
71"Zeelander"N/AThe Naked Samoans, Elizabeth Mitchell, & David Fane September 15, 2005 (2005-09-15)
It's Morningside Fashion Week, and one of the world's top fashion designers discovers Jeff da Maori and catapults him to international catwalk fame.
82"Survival Of The Fattest" Maka Makatoa David Fane, Mario Gaoa, & Oscar Kightley September 21, 2005 (2005-09-21)
The class sets out on their annual day trip, but when the boys are taken out of their environment, strange things start to happen!
93"Honky the Wonderhorse" Maka Makatoa David Fane, Mario Gaoa, & Oscar Kightley September 28, 2005 (2005-09-28)
The boys feel sorry for a racehorse who is about to get killed. They rescue him and arrive home just in time to stop Dad killing him for dinner. A Sea Biscuitesque journey follows... Dad becomes the horse whisperer and keeps whispering threats into Honky's ear.
104"Touched By A Teacher"N/A David Fane, Mario Gaoa, & Oscar Kightley October 5, 2005 (2005-10-05)
When Mack tries to impress his mates by inventing a story about being abused, Brother Ken gets thrown into jail and a witch-hunt ensues.
115"Half-Cast Away"N/A David Fane, Mario Gaoa, & Oscar Kightley October 12, 2005 (2005-10-12)
The boys find a half caste baby and try to bring it up, but find it very difficult catering to its mixed cultural needs and soon decide the baby's better off without them.
126"A Chicken Roll At My Table"N/AThe Naked Samoans, Elizabeth Mitchell, & David Fane October 19, 2005 (2005-10-19)
Joost's conservation-loving zoo-keeping Dad invites the boys to the van Der Van Van's African-themed Morningside Shore home for a weekend cultural exchange... but an incident with a chicken roll turns the weekend into a weird kind of whodunit.
137"Morningside Story"N/A David Fane, Mario Gaoa, & Oscar Kightley October 26, 2005 (2005-10-26)
An incident of racial abuse inspires St Sylvester's to produce a multi-racial musical love story called MorningSide Story... Vale is director, Jeff's in charge of music, Sione, Sina, Mack and Rex are the stars. But when Mrs Tapili finds out one of her children will be kissing a Maori in the play, she goes all out to stop the show!

Season 3 (2006)

No.
overall
No. in
season
TitleDirected byWritten byOriginal release date
141"In My Mother's Den"N/AN/ASeptember 27, 2006 (2006-09-27)
The boys wake up to a Canadian at their table, and it turns out to be dad's new girlfriend who has moved in and seems set on being their new Mum!
152"Know Me Before You Haunt Me" Ali Cowley Mario Gaoa, Oscar Kightley, & Shimpal Lelisi October 4, 2006 (2006-10-04)
It's Halloween and the boys go trick or treating and end up at a haunted house on the outskirts of Morningside. There they meet the ghost of a young Maori boy who died in the 1800s, but is still stuck between the dead and the living.
163"Upstairs Brownstairs" Ali Cowley David Fane, Mario Gaoa, & Oscar Kightley October 11, 2006 (2006-10-11)
Dad becomes a member of the prestigious Morningside Club and becomes the club's most regular visitor. But when Valea starts dating the Club President's daughter, the president tries to kick Dad out.
174"Go Ask Agnes"N/A David Fane, Mario Gaoa, & Oscar Kightley October 18, 2006 (2006-10-18)
When the Minister convinces Mrs. Tapili to give more money to the church, she gets hooked on gambling and ends up almost losing everything.
185"Mack is from Mars, Sione's a Psycho" Ali Cowley David Fane, Mario Gaoa, & Oscar Kightley October 25, 2006 (2006-10-25)
When Mack sees how bad the St Cardinal's netball team is, he decides they need help from an expert. He disguises himself as a Muslim and impresses the girls with his excellent skills!
196"I Still Call Australia Home... Oh" Ali Ekeroma Cowley David Fane, Mario Gaoa, & Oscar Kightley November 1, 2006 (2006-11-01)
With special guests Russell Crowe and Rove McManus, as well as Scribe, Neil Finn and 3's own John Campbell and Carol Hirschfield, the boys are at the annual Polyfest – the secondary schools cultural competition – and are desperate to get into the glamorous Samoan group. However, when that doesn't work out (because Sione almost burnt down the stage the previous year), they decide to try something that no one has ever done – they form New Zealand's first Australian group!
207"The Summer the Brazilian Came" Ali Ekeroma Cowley David Fane, Mario Gaoa, & Oscar Kightley November 8, 2006 (2006-11-08)
The boys head out to Te Hiha surf beach, where Mack 'breaks in' to a very flash beach-house. Vale falls for Victoria, a volleyball player from Brazil, and must overcome his fear of water. The classic Kiwi summer story, full of barbecues, beach scenes and bonfires.

Season 4 (2007)

No.
overall
No. in
season
TitleDirected byWritten byOriginal release date
211"Sons for the Return Homo"N/AN/AOctober 11, 2007 (2007-10-11)
Morningside's wimpiest criminal, Motorcycle Boy, returns home from 'boarding school' and starts training the boys to be staunch gang members. Until Sione's cajone's get the boys into trouble again.
222"The Artful Dadger"N/AN/AOctober 18, 2007 (2007-10-18)
Valea becomes immersed in the art world, unleashing the tortured artist within! But, bitter rivalry quickly ensues when a jealous Dad busts out his best art skills, impressing the glitterati and stealing his son's limelight and stealing his son's limelight.
233"A Miracle in Morningside" Ali Ekeroma Cowley David Fane, Mario Gaoa, & Oscar Kightley October 25, 2007 (2007-10-25)
When Mack gives up food and water for Lent, he becomes convinced he is a descendant of Jesus Christ and Maria Von Trapp from The Sound of Music. Mack creates the 'Church of the Awesome Show Tunes', and convinces his followers that he is the Chosen One.
244"Yes Prime Minister!" Ali Ekeroma Cowley David Fane, Mario Gaoa, & Oscar Kightley November 1, 2007 (2007-11-01)
The boys travel to the capital city where they are surrounded by fierce opponents and dirty tricks as they become embroiled in the dog eat dog world of politics at Youth Parliament.
255"An Alien at My Table" Ali Ekeroma Cowley David Fane, Mario Gaoa, & Oscar Kightley November 8, 2007 (2007-11-08)
The boys head to Kia Ora Bay for a star studded Matariki concert to celebrate the Maori New Year, but one by one New Zealand's finest musicians disappear and Jeff gets the blame! Can the boys save New Zealand music? Or will this be the day the music died?
266"I'm Going to Limbo... I May Be Some Time" Ali Ekeroma Cowley David Fane, Mario Gaoa, & Oscar Kightley November 15, 2007 (2007-11-15)
Pepelo Pepelo's hard living lifestyle finally catches up with him, and while the boys maintain a bedside vigil, Dad embarks on a journey of the soul, where he must face the demons of his past.

Season 5 (2009)

No.
overall
No. in
season
TitleDirected byWritten byOriginal release date
271"The Summer of Samson"N/A David Fane, Mario Gaoa, & Oscar Kightley April 19, 2009 (2009-04-19)
When Sione catches Agnes and the Minister in a compromising position, he discovers that his brother Samson is the spawn of adulterers and, fueled by his new fundamentalist friend, tries to exorcise Samson's demon.
282"A Vegetarian at My Table"N/A David Fane, Mario Gaoa, & Oscar Kightley April 26, 2009 (2009-04-26)
The boys embark on a documentary project about their favourite food -but Vale is horrified when he discovers a dead mouse inside his meat pie's pastry. The boys take a vow of vegetarianism and are passionately determined to expose the dodgy innards of the meat industry, but when the powers that be catch wind of their plan, Vale becomes the meat in the sandwich!
293"To Sam with Love"N/A David Fane, Mario Gaoa, & Oscar Kightley May 3, 2009 (2009-05-03)
When world famous actor Sam Neill turns up to teach Drama at St Sylvester's, the boys become his biggest fans! Mack is particularly enamored of Sam's charm and charisma, but becomes confused by his overwhelming feelings, and stuns everyone by letting one too many skeletons out of the closet!
304"Apocalypse Ow"N/A David Fane, Mario Gaoa, & Oscar Kightley May 10, 2009 (2009-05-10)
Jeff's unhinged Uncle Murray returns from Afghanistan and takes the boys to a 'fun' camp, but before long everyone except Jeff realises that things are not what they seem. Will Jeff turn on his friends once and for all?
315"Lost in Cyber Space"N/A David Fane, Mario Gaoa, & Oscar Kightley May 17, 2009 (2009-05-17)
Rakeesh converts his Dairy into a Cyber Café and Valea soon becomes a 'War is Fun' Master. However his obsession with the game starts to take over his life. When the boys also discover that he has been having a secret relationship, they realize it is crisis time.
326"So You Think You Can Dance Near the Stars?"N/A David Fane, Mario Gaoa, & Oscar Kightley May 24, 2009 (2009-05-24)
When Pepelo is slipped an Ecstasy tablet he gets all loved up and convinces Agnes to show the world her fancy footwork in a televised Dance competition. Will the pair become more than just dance partners, and will two families become one in this sizzling series final?

Awards

Award-winning animator of bro'Town, Ant Sang Ant Sang ComicFest 2019.jpg
Award-winning animator of bro'Town, Ant Sang

While it was running the series bro-Town was often nominated at New Zealand film and television awards in a range of categories. It won the following awards: [16]

Books

DVD Releases

DVD NameRelease DateEp #Additional Content
Series 17 December 20056
Series 224 October 20067
Series 312 September 20077
Series 41 December 20106
Series 57 December 2010 [15] 7

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">New Zealand humour</span>

New Zealand humour bears some similarities to the body of humour of many other English-speaking countries. There are, however, several regional differences.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Wesley College, Auckland</span> School

Wesley College is a secondary school in Paerata, at the northern edge of Pukekohe, Auckland Region, New Zealand. The school provides education from year 9 to 13.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kelston Boys' High School</span> School

Kelston Boys' High School ("KBHS") is an all-boys state secondary school in Kelston, a suburb in the Waitakere region of Auckland, New Zealand. It was created in 1963 when the roll of Kelston High School became too large for the site on the corner of Archibald and Gt North Rds. The boys moved to a new site further down Archibald Road, leaving the original site to be the home of Kelston Girls High School.

Maiava Nathaniel Lees is a New Zealand theatre actor and director and film actor of Samoan descent, best known for film roles in The Matrix Reloaded, The Matrix Revolutions and The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers and for starring in Young Hercules as Chiron the centaur.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pua Magasiva</span> New Zealand actor (1980–2019)

Pua Magasiva was a New Zealand actor of Samoan descent, best known for his roles as Shane Clarke, the Red Ranger from Power Rangers Ninja Storm, and Vinnie Kruse in the soap opera Shortland Street, both co-starring with Sally Martin. He was also one of the co-hosts of radio station Flava.

<i>Siones Wedding</i> 2006 New Zealand film

Sione's Wedding is a 2006 New Zealand comedic film directed by Chris Graham and written by James Griffin and Oscar Kightley, and produced by South Pacific Pictures.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Oscar Kightley</span> Samoan-New Zealand actor and writer

Oscar Vai To'elau Kightley is a Samoan-New Zealander actor, television presenter, writer, journalist, director, and comedian. He acted in and co-wrote the successful 2006 film Sione's Wedding.

The Naked Samoans is a New Zealand comedy group made up of Polynesian entertainers, most of whom are Samoan. The group performs social humour and satire that attracts a broad audience, especially among white New Zealanders, without sacrificing the group's Pacific Island identity. The group has gained success in both television and film projects as well as in theatre, which remains their primary base in entertainment. The members of this group are David Fane, Mario Gaoa, Shimpal Lelisi, Oscar Kightley, Robbie Magasiva and Iaheto Ah Hi.

Shimpal Lelisi is a New Zealand actor and TV presenter, best known as one of the members of the Naked Samoans.

Mario Gaoa is a New Zealand actor, writer and director, best known as a member of the Naked Samoans comedy group. He is of Samoan descent. As part of the group he has appeared in the film Sione's Wedding; provided the voices of Sione Tapili and God in the animated series Bro'Town, which he also co-writes; and acted in various Naked Samoans comedic theatre performances. He has also appeared in the film Nightmare Man and briefly in the television series Hercules: The Legendary Journeys.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">David Fane</span> New Zealand actor

David Rodney Fane is a New Zealand actor of Samoan descent.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Makerita Urale</span> Samoan dramatist in New Zealand

Vaosa ole Tagaloa Makerita Urale is a documentary director and playwright, and a leading figure in contemporary Polynesian theatre in New Zealand. She has produced landmark productions in the performing arts. She is the writer of the play Frangipani Perfume, the first Pacific play written by a woman for an all-female cast. Working in different art mediums, Urale also works in film and television. She is the director of the political documentary Children of the Revolution that won the Qantas Award (2008) for Best Māori Programme.

<i>Siones 2: Unfinished Business</i> 2012 New Zealand comedy film

Sione's 2: Unfinished Business is a 2012 New Zealand comedy film and the sequel to the hugely successful 2006 film Sione's Wedding. It was produced by John Barnett and Paul Davis, directed by Simon Bennett, co-produced by South Pacific Pictures and New Zealand Film Commission with music by Don McGlashan and written by Oscar Kightley and James Griffin. The film stars Oscar Kightley, Shimpal Lelisi, Robbie Magasiva, Iaheto Ah Hi, Dave Fane, Teuila Blakely, Madeleine Sami, Pua Magasiva, Mario Gaoa, Nathaniel Lees, David Van Horn, Ayşe Tezel, Dimitri Baveas, Kirk Torrance and Te Kohe Tuhaka. Sione's 2: Unfinished Business was filmed at Auckland, New Zealand. The film was theatrically released on 19 January 2012, by Sony Pictures and was released on DVD and Blu-ray on 13 June 2012, by Sony Pictures Home Entertainment. The film has received mixed reviews from critics and has grossed $723,000 in New Zealand. This was Pua Magasiva's final film appearance seven years before his death on 11 May 2019.

The inaugural New Zealand Screen Awards were held on Wednesday 27 July 2005 at SkyCity Theatre in Auckland, New Zealand. Following the demise of the GOFTA awards, the Screen Directors Guild of New Zealand founded the New Zealand Screen Awards to honour excellence in New Zealand film and television. Due to there having been no film awards in 2004, the eligibility period was from 1 October 2003 to July 2005. In the weeks ahead of the awards presentation, sponsor SkyCity screened a series of nominated short films. The film In My Father's Den was nominated in all 12 of the feature film award categories and won 10 awards.

The 2006 Air New Zealand Screen Awards were held on Thursday 24 August 2006 at SkyCity Theatre in Auckland, New Zealand. Previously known as the New Zealand Screen Awards, the awards were renamed when airline Air New Zealand became the naming-rights sponsor, signing for five years of sponsorship.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Victoria Schmidt</span> New Zealand actress

Victoria Schmidt is a New Zealand theatre, film and television actress. She is most known for her role as Aaliyah in Sione's Wedding (2006). She is also a playwright.

Dave Armstrong is a New Zealand playwright, screenwriter, trumpet player and columnist for The Dominion Post. His work has featured on stage, radio and television. His television writer credits include Spin Doctors, Seven Periods with Mr Gormsby, Great War Stories, and script editor for bro'Town.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pacific Underground</span> New Zealand performing arts collective

Pacific Underground is a New Zealand performing arts collective, founded in 1993 in Christchurch, New Zealand, to produce contemporary performing art that reflects the group's Pacific Island heritage. In 2016 they received a Lifetime Achievement Award at the Pacific Music Awards. They are the longest running Pacific contemporary performing arts organisation in New Zealand.

Justine Simei-Barton is a Samoan theatre and film director and producer in New Zealand.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 Barry, Rebecca (26 August 2005). "bro'Town returns as its animation empire expands". NZ Herald. Retrieved 21 December 2020.
  2. 1 2 McClure, Margaret (1 August 2016). "Auckland's Bro'Town". Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage Te Manatu Taonga. Retrieved 20 December 2020.
  3. "Firehorse Films (Firm, NZ) :The bro' Town calendar 2007. As seen on TV3. Firehorse Films; Random House New Zealand [2007]". National Library of New Zealand. 1 January 2007. Retrieved 20 December 2020.
  4. 1 2 Barry, Rebecca (8 April 2009). "Farewell to morningside". NZ Herald. Retrieved 20 December 2020.
  5. 1 2 Bannister, Matthew (2008). "Where's Morningside? Locating bro'Town in the ethnic genealogy of New Zealand/Aotearoa". New Zealand Journal of Media Studies. 11 (1): 1–15. doi: 10.11157/medianz-vol11iss1id55 . ISSN   1173-0811.
  6. Gray, Sonia (14 June 2016). "Diversify or die: What New Zealand television can learn from our film industry". The Spinoff. Retrieved 21 December 2020.
  7. Harker, Caroline (5 September 2013). "Funny-business time – the 21st century". Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved 21 December 2020.
  8. "Bro' town – Institute of Culture Discourse & Communication – AUT". Auckland University of Technology. Archived from the original on 21 December 2020. Retrieved 21 December 2020.
  9. Sore throats aren't cool!. National Heart Foundation of New Zealand., Firehorse Films. [Auckland, N.Z.]: Heart Foundation. 2011. ISBN   978-1-877571-36-7. OCLC   785394505.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  10. "bro'Town • Ant Sang". Ant Sang. Retrieved 21 December 2020.
  11. Schmidt, Johanna (2021) [2011]. "Brother Ken, bro'Town (1st of 3)". Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand . New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage. Archived from the original on 8 February 2019. Retrieved 8 October 2021.
  12. Bartlett, N. H.; Vasey, P. L. (2006). "A Retrospective Study of Childhood Gender-Atypical Behavior in Samoan Faʻafafine". Archives of Sexual Behavior. 35 (6): 659–66. doi:10.1007/s10508-006-9055-1. PMID   16909317. S2CID   22812712.
  13. Johnson, Derek; Kompare, Derek; Santo, Avi (1 August 2014). Making Media Work: Cultures of Management in the Entertainment Industries. NYU Press. pp. 57–59. ISBN   9780814764558. Archived from the original on 17 February 2017. Retrieved 1 January 2015.
  14. "Credits | bro'Town | Series | Television | NZ On Screen". NZ On Screen. Retrieved 20 December 2020.
  15. 1 2 "brotown.co.nz (NZ) bro'Town – Series 5". dstore.com. Archived from the original on 8 September 2005. Retrieved 6 October 2010.
  16. "Awards | bro'Town | Series | Television". NZ On Screen. Retrieved 20 December 2020.