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References
- de Crespigny, Rafe (2007). A biographical dictionary of Later Han to the Three Kingdoms (23–220 AD). Leiden: Brill. p. 48. ISBN 978-90-04-15605-0.
- de Crespigny, Rafe (2010). Imperial warlord: a biography of Cao Cao 155-220 AD. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-18522-7.
- Fan Ye (5th century). Book of the Later Han (Houhanshu), Volume 78.