Carnoy's solution

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Carnoy's solution is a fixative composed of 60% ethanol, 30% chloroform and 10% glacial acetic acid, 1 gram of ferric chloride. [1] [2]

Carnoy's solution is also the name of a different fixation composed of ethanol and glacial acetic acid (3:1). [3] [4] [5]

The invention of Carnoy's solution is attributed to Jean-Baptiste Carnoy, a pioneering 19th century cytologist. [6]

Uses

Some of the uses of Carnoy's solution are:

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Buccal bifurcation cyst is an inflammatory odontogenic cyst, of the paradental cysts family, that typically appears in the buccal bifurcation region of the mandibular first molars in the second half of the first decade of life. Infected cysts may be associated with pain.

Odontogenic cyst are a group of jaw cysts that are formed from tissues involved in odontogenesis. Odontogenic cysts are closed sacs, and have a distinct membrane derived from rests of odontogenic epithelium. It may contain air, fluids, or semi-solid material. Intra-bony cysts are most common in the jaws, because the mandible and maxilla are the only bones with epithelial components. That odontogenic epithelium is critical in normal tooth development. However, epithelial rests may be the origin for the cyst lining later. Not all oral cysts are odontogenic cyst. For example, mucous cyst of the oral mucosa and nasolabial duct cyst are not of odontogenic origin.
In addition, there are several conditions with so-called (radiographic) 'pseudocystic appearance' in jaws; ranging from anatomic variants such as Stafne static bone cyst, to the aggressive aneurysmal bone cyst.

A cyst is a pathological epithelial lined cavity that fills with fluid or soft material and usually grows from internal pressure generated by fluid being drawn into the cavity from osmosis. The bones of the jaws, the mandible and maxilla, are the bones with the highest prevalence of cysts in the human body. This is due to the abundant amount of epithelial remnants that can be left in the bones of the jaws. The enamel of teeth is formed from ectoderm, and so remnants of epithelium can be left in the bone during odontogenesis. The bones of the jaws develop from embryologic processes which fuse, and ectodermal tissue may be trapped along the lines of this fusion. This "resting" epithelium is usually dormant or undergoes atrophy, but, when stimulated, may form a cyst. The reasons why resting epithelium may proliferate and undergo cystic transformation are generally unknown, but inflammation is thought to be a major factor. The high prevalence of tooth impactions and dental infections that occur in the bones of the jaws is also significant to explain why cysts are more common at these sites.

Ameloblastic carcinoma is a rare form of malignant odontogenic tumor, that develops in the jawbones from the epithelial cells that generate the tooth enamel. It is usually treated with surgery; chemotherapy has not been proven to be effective.

References

  1. ↑ "MSDS :: Carnoy's Solution (Fixative)". Archived from the original on 2009-03-27. Retrieved 13 Jan 2009.
  2. ↑ Carnoy J. B. (1887). "Appendice Les Globule Polaires de L'Ascaris Clavata". La Cellule RECUEIL DE CYTOLOGIE ET d'HISTOLOGIE GÉNÉRALE. 3: 276.
  3. ↑ Tjio JH, Whang J (1962). "Chromosome Preparatons of Bone Marrow Cells without PriorIn VitroCulture orIn VivoColchicine Administration". Stain Technology. 37: 17–20. doi:10.3109/10520296209114563. PMID   13921436.
  4. ↑ Mazia D, Brewer PA, Alfert MA (1953). "The Cytochemical Staining and Measurement of Protein with Mercuric Bromphenol Blue". The Biological Bulletin. 104 (1): 57–67. doi:10.2307/1538691. JSTOR   1538691.
  5. ↑ Utevsky S, Kovalenko N, Doroshenko K, Petrauskienė L, Klymenko V (2009). "Chromosome numbers for three species of medicinal leeches (Hirudo spp.)". Systematic Parasitology. 74 (2): 95–102. doi:10.1007/s11230-009-9198-2. PMID   19731093. S2CID   7947757.
  6. ↑ Ireland, Robert; Yeung, Chuen Albert YeungChuen Albert (2020-04-23), Yeung, Chuen Albert (ed.), "Carnoy's solution", A Dictionary of Dentistry, Oxford University Press, doi:10.1093/acref/9780191828621.001.0001/acref-9780191828621-e-5108;jsessionid=ea246f7ff0d191c9a7457e5a9b9974b3, ISBN   978-0-19-182862-1 , retrieved 2023-04-10
  7. ↑ Luz DA, Ribeiro U, Chassot C, Collet E, Silva FS, Cecconello I, Corbett CE (December 2008). "Carnoy's solution enhances lymph node detection: an anatomical dissection study in cadavers". Histopathology. 53 (6): 740–2. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2559.2008.03148.x. PMID   19076686. S2CID   19362456.
  8. ↑ Yoneyama M, Kitayama T, Taniura H, Yoneda Y (August 2003). "Immersion fixation with Carnoy solution for conventional immunohistochemical detection of particular N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunits in murine hippocampus". J. Neurosci. Res. 73 (3): 416–26. doi:10.1002/jnr.10622. PMID   12868075. S2CID   40884078.
  9. ↑ Madras J, Lapointe H (March 2008). "Keratocystic odontogenic tumour: reclassification of the odontogenic keratocyst from cyst to tumour". J Can Dent Assoc. 74 (2): 165–165h. PMID   18353202.
  10. ↑ "Odontogenic Keratocyst: The Northwestern USA Experience". Archived from the original on 2009-01-06. Retrieved 14 Jan 2009.
  11. ↑ "Use of Carnoy's Solution in management of odontogenic keratocysts". Archived from the original on 2009-05-17. Retrieved 14 Jan 2009.
  12. ↑ Lee PK, Samman N, Ng IO (April 2004). "Unicystic ameloblastoma--use of Carnoy's solution after enucleation". Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 33 (3): 263–7. doi:10.1006/ijom.2003.0496. PMID   15290793.
  13. ↑ Lau SL, Samman N (August 2006). "Recurrence related to treatment modalities of unicystic ameloblastoma: a systematic review". Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 35 (8): 681–90. doi:10.1016/j.ijom.2006.02.016. PMID   16782308.
  14. ↑ Marx, Robert E.; Stern, Diane (2003). Oral and maxillofacial pathology: a rationale for diagnosis and treatment . Chicago: Quintessence. p.  684. ISBN   0-86715-390-3.
  15. ↑ Shamsi M, Abdali K, Montazer NR, Kumar PV, Tabatabaee HR (2008). "Comparison of Carnoy's solution and 96% ethyl alcohol fixation in bloody Pap smears". Acta Cytol. 52 (2): 187–90. doi:10.1159/000325477. PMID   18499991. S2CID   3370408.
  16. ↑ Miething F, Hering S, Hanschke B, Dressler J (March 2006). "Effect of fixation to the degradation of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA in different tissues". J. Histochem. Cytochem. 54 (3): 371–4. doi: 10.1369/jhc.5B6726.2005 . PMID   16260588.
  17. ↑ "Stains File: Carnoy's Fluid". Archived from the original on 15 December 2010. Retrieved 25 Oct 2009.
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