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John Murray, 4th Earl of Dunmore was a Scottish peer, military officer and colonial administrator in the Thirteen Colonies and The Bahamas. He was the last royal governor of Virginia. Dunmore was named governor of New York in 1770. He succeeded to the same position in the colony of Virginia the following year, after the death of Norborne Berkeley, 4th Baron Botetourt. As Virginia's governor, Dunmore directed a series of campaigns against the trans-Appalachian Indians, known as Lord Dunmore's War. He is noted for issuing a 1775 document, Dunmore's Proclamation, offering freedom to any enslaved person who fought for the British Crown against Patriot rebels in Virginia, though Dunmore was a slave owner himself and never freed his own slaves. Dunmore fled to New York after the burning of Norfolk in 1776 and later returned to Britain. He was Governor of the Bahamas from 1787 to 1796.
Mathews County is a county located in the U.S. state of Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 8,533. Its county seat is Mathews.
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Andrew Lewis was an Irish-born American surveyor, military officer and politician. Born in County Donegal, he moved with his family to the British colony of Virginia at a young age. A colonel in the Virginia militia during the French and Indian War, and brigadier general in the American Revolutionary War, his most famous victory was the Battle of Point Pleasant in Dunmore's War in 1774, although he also drove Lord Dunmore's forces from Norfolk and Gwynn's Island in 1776. He also helped found Liberty Hall in 1776.
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The Ethiopian Regiment, better known as Lord Dunmore's Ethiopian Regiment, was a British colonial military unit organized during the American Revolution by the Earl of Dunmore, last Royal Governor of Virginia. Composed of former slaves who had escaped from Patriot masters, it was led by British officers and sergeants. The regiment was disbanded in 1776, though many of its soldiers probably went on to serve in other Black Loyalist units.
The Burning of Norfolk was an incident that occurred on January 1, 1776, during the American Revolutionary War. British Royal Navy ships in the harbor of Norfolk, Virginia, began shelling the town, and landing parties came ashore to burn specific properties. The town, whose significantly Loyalist population had fled, was occupied by Patriot forces from Virginia and North Carolina. Although the Patriots worked to drive off the British landing parties, they did nothing to impede the progress of the flames, and began burning and looting Loyalist-owned property instead.
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Andrew Sprowle was a Scottish-born merchant, naval agent, landowner, shipyard owner, slaveholder and slave trader in Portsmouth, Virginia. Today Andrew Sprowle is best remembered for establishing the Gosport Ship Yard, now known as Norfolk Naval Shipyard. Sprowle emigrated from Milton, West Dunbartonshire, Scotland to what is currently the Commonwealth of Virginia in the mid-18th century, where he lived until his death on 29 May 1776.
Fort Cricket Hill is an historic American Revolutionary War site in Mathews County, Virginia. The site is located near the Gwynn's Island bridge, which carries Cricket Hill Road to the island from the mainland near the village of Cricket Hill. From fortifications on this site, rebel Patriot forces fired on British forces controlled by the royal governor, Lord Dunmore, that had occupied Gwynn's Island.
The Battle of Gwynn's Island saw Andrew Lewis lead patriot soldiers from Virginia against John Murray, 4th Earl of Dunmore's small naval squadron and British loyalist troops. In this American Revolutionary War action, accurate cannon fire from the nearby Virginia mainland persuaded Dunmore to abandon his base at Gwynn's Island. While camping on the island, the loyalists suffered heavy mortality from smallpox and an unknown fever, particularly among the escaped slaves that Dunmore recruited to fight against the American rebels. Gwynn's Island is located on the western shore of Chesapeake Bay in Mathews County, Virginia.
References
- ↑ Cronin, William B. (2005). The Disappearing Islands of the Chesapeake. Maryland Historical Society. p. 182.
- ↑ Griffin, Martin Ignatius Joseph (1907). Catholics and the American Revolution, Volume 1. M.I.J. Griffin. p. 239 . Retrieved 17 April 2017.
- ↑ Cecere, Michael (May 26, 2016). "The War Years (1775-1783): Battle of Gwynn's Island: Lord Dunmore's Last Stand in Virginia". Journal of the American Revolutuion. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
- ↑ "The Gwynn's Island Museum". www.gwynnsislandmuseum.org. Retrieved 2019-06-13.
37°30′26″N76°17′25″W / 37.50722°N 76.29028°W
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