IEEE 802.11be

Last updated

Contents

Wi-Fi generations
GenerationIEEE
standard		AdoptedMaximum
link rate
(Mbit/s)		Radio
frequency
(GHz)
Wi-Fi 8 802.11bn 2028100,000 [1] 2.4, 5, 6, 7,
42.5, 71 [2]
Wi-Fi 7 802.11be 20241376–46,1202.4, 5, 6 [3]
Wi-Fi 6E 802.11ax 2020574–9608 [4] 6 [lower-alpha 1]
Wi-Fi 6 20192.4, 5
Wi-Fi 5 802.11ac 2014433–69335 [lower-alpha 2]
Wi-Fi 4 802.11n 200872–6002.4, 5
(Wi-Fi 3)* 802.11g 20036–542.4
(Wi-Fi 2)* 802.11a 19995
(Wi-Fi 1)* 802.11b 19991–112.4
(Wi-Fi 0)* 802.11 19971–22.4
*Wi‑Fi 0, 1, 2, and 3 are named by retroactive inference.
They do not exist in the official nomenclature. [5] [6] [7]
Generational Wi-Fi UI visuals 202305.png

IEEE 802.11be, dubbed Extremely High Throughput (EHT), is the latest of the IEEE 802.11 standard, [8] [9] which is designated Wi-Fi 7. [10] [11] [12] It has built upon 802.11ax, focusing on WLAN indoor and outdoor operation with stationary and pedestrian speeds in the 2.4, 5, and 6 GHz frequency bands. [13]

Throughput is believed to reach a theoretical maximum of 46 Gbit/s, although actual results are much lower. [14]

Development of the 802.11be amendment is ongoing, with an initial draft in March 2021, and a final version expected by the end of 2024. [11] [15] [16] Despite this, numerous products were announced in 2022 based on draft standards, with retail availability in early 2023. On 8 January 2024, the Wi-Fi Alliance introduced its "Wi-Fi Certified 7" program to certify Wi-Fi 7 devices. While final ratification is not expected until the end of 2024, the technical requirements are essentially complete. [14]

The global Wi-Fi 7 market was estimated at US$1 billion in 2023, and is projected to reach US$24.2 billion by 2030. [17]

Core features

The following are core features that have been approved as of Draft 3.0:

Candidate features

The main candidate features mentioned in the 802.11be Project Authorization Request (PAR) are: [19]

Additional features

Apart from the features mentioned in the PAR, there are newly introduced features: [23]

Rate set

Modulation and coding schemes
MCS

index [lower-roman 1]

Modulation

type

Coding

rate

Data rate (Mbit/s) [lower-roman 2]
20 MHz channels40 MHz channels80 MHz channels160 MHz channels320 MHz channels
3200 ns GI [lower-roman 3] 1600 ns GI800 ns GI3200 ns GI1600 ns GI800 ns GI3200 ns GI1600 ns GI800 ns GI3200 ns GI1600 ns GI800 ns GI3200 ns GI1600 ns GI800 ns GI
0BPSK1/2789151617313436616872123136144
1QPSK1/2151617293334616872122136144245272288
2QPSK3/422242644495292102108184204216368408432
316-QAM1/2293334596569123136144245272282490544577
416-QAM3/44449528898103184204216368408432735817865
564-QAM2/359656911713013824527228849054457698010891153
664-QAM3/4667377132146155276306324551613649110312251297
764-QAM5/6738186146163172306340360613681721122513611441
8256-QAM3/48898103176195207368408432735817865147016331729
9256-QAM5/698108115195217229408453480817907961163318151922
101024-QAM3/411012212921924425845951054091910211081183820422162
111024-QAM5/6122135143244271287510567600102111341201204222692402
124096-QAM3/4131146155263293310551613649110312251297220524502594
134096-QAM5/6146163172293325344613681721122513611441245027222882
14BPSK-DCM-DUP1/2789151718313436
15BPSK-DCM1/2444789151718313436616872

Comparison

802.11 network standards
Frequency
range,
or type		PHYProtocolRelease
date [24] 		FrequencyBandwidthStream
data rate [25] 		Allowable
MIMO streams		ModulationApproximate
range
IndoorOutdoor
(GHz)(MHz)(Mbit/s)
1–7 GHzDSSS [26] , FHSS [upper-alpha 1] 802.11-1997 June 19972.4221, 2— DSSS, FHSS [upper-alpha 1] 20 m (66 ft)100 m (330 ft)
HR/DSSS [26] 802.11b September 19992.4221, 2, 5.5, 11— CCK, DSSS35 m (115 ft)140 m (460 ft)
OFDM 802.11a September 199955, 10, 206, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, 54
(for 20 MHz bandwidth,
divide by 2 and 4 for 10 and 5 MHz)		— OFDM 35 m (115 ft)120 m (390 ft)
802.11j November 20044.9, 5.0
[upper-alpha 2] [27] 		 ? ?
802.11y November 20083.7 [upper-alpha 3]  ?5,000 m (16,000 ft) [upper-alpha 3]
802.11p July 20105.9 200 m 1,000 m (3,300 ft) [28]
802.11bd December 20225.9, 60 500 m 1,000 m (3,300 ft)
ERP-OFDM [29] 802.11g June 20032.438 m (125 ft)140 m (460 ft)
HT-OFDM [30] 802.11n
(Wi-Fi 4)		October 20092.4, 520Up to 288.8 [upper-alpha 4] 4 MIMO-OFDM
(64-QAM)		70 m (230 ft)250 m (820 ft) [31]
40Up to 600 [upper-alpha 4]
VHT-OFDM [30] 802.11ac
(Wi-Fi 5)		December 2013520Up to 693 [upper-alpha 4] 8DL
MU-MIMO OFDM
(256-QAM)		35 m (115 ft) [32]  ?
40Up to 1600 [upper-alpha 4]
80Up to 3467 [upper-alpha 4]
160Up to 6933 [upper-alpha 4]
HE-OFDMA 802.11ax
(Wi-Fi 6,
Wi-Fi 6E)		May 20212.4, 5, 620Up to 1147 [upper-alpha 5] 8UL/DL
MU-MIMO OFDMA
(1024-QAM)		30 m (98 ft)120 m (390 ft) [upper-alpha 6]
40Up to 2294 [upper-alpha 5]
80Up to 4804 [upper-alpha 5]
80+80Up to 9608 [upper-alpha 5]
EHT-OFDMA 802.11be
(Wi-Fi 7)		Dec 2024
(est.)		2.4, 5, 680Up to 11.5 Gbit/s [upper-alpha 5] 16UL/DL
MU-MIMO OFDMA
(4096-QAM)		30 m (98 ft)120 m (390 ft) [upper-alpha 6]
160
(80+80)		Up to 23 Gbit/s [upper-alpha 5]
240
(160+80)		Up to 35 Gbit/s [upper-alpha 5]
320
(160+160)		Up to 46.1 Gbit/s [upper-alpha 5]
UHR 802.11bn
(Wi-Fi 8)		May 2028
(est.)		2.4, 5, 6,
42, 60, 71		320Up to
100000
(100 Gbit/s)		16Multi-link
MU-MIMO OFDM
(8192-QAM)		 ? ?
WUR [upper-alpha 7] 802.11ba October 20212.4, 54, 200.0625, 0.25
(62.5 kbit/s, 250 kbit/s)		— OOK (multi-carrier OOK) ? ?
mmWave
(WiGig)		DMG [33] 802.11ad December 2012602160
(2.16 GHz)		Up to 8085 [34]
(8 Gbit/s)		—OFDM [upper-alpha 1] , single carrier, low-power single carrier [upper-alpha 1] 3.3 m (11 ft) [35]  ?
802.11aj April 201860 [upper-alpha 8] 1080 [36] Up to 3754
(3.75 Gbit/s)		—single carrier, low-power single carrier [upper-alpha 1]  ? ?
CMMG 802.11aj April 201845 [upper-alpha 8] 540,
1080		Up to 15015 [37]
(15 Gbit/s)		4 [38] OFDM, single carrier ? ?
EDMG [39] 802.11ay July 202160Up to 8640
(8.64 GHz)		Up to 303336 [40]
(303 Gbit/s)		8 OFDM, single carrier10 m (33 ft)100 m (328 ft)
Sub 1 GHz (IoT)TVHT [41] 802.11af February 2014 0.054–
0.79 		6, 7, 8Up to 568.9 [42] 4 MIMO-OFDM  ? ?
S1G [41] 802.11ah May 20170.7, 0.8,
0.9		1–16Up to 8.67 [43]
(@2 MHz)		4 ? ?
Light
(Li-Fi)		LC
(VLC/OWC)		 802.11bb December 2023
(est.)		800–1000 nm20Up to 9.6 Gbit/s—O-OFDM  ? ?
IR [upper-alpha 1]
(IrDA)		 802.11-1997 June 1997850–900 nm ?1, 2— PPM [upper-alpha 1]  ? ?
802.11 Standard rollups
 802.11-2007 (802.11ma)March 20072.4, 5Up to 54 DSSS, OFDM
802.11-2012 (802.11mb)March 20122.4, 5Up to 150 [upper-alpha 4] DSSS, OFDM
802.11-2016 (802.11mc)December 20162.4, 5, 60Up to 866.7 or 6757 [upper-alpha 4] DSSS, OFDM
802.11-2020 (802.11md)December 20202.4, 5, 60Up to 866.7 or 6757 [upper-alpha 4] DSSS, OFDM
802.11meSeptember 2024
(est.)		2.4, 5, 6, 60Up to 9608 or 303336 DSSS, OFDM
  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 This is obsolete, and support for this might be subject to removal in a future revision of the standard
  2. ↑ For Japanese regulation.
  3. 1 2 IEEE 802.11y-2008 extended operation of 802.11a to the licensed 3.7 GHz band. Increased power limits allow a range up to 5,000 m. As of 2009, it is only being licensed in the United States by the FCC.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Based on short guard interval; standard guard interval is ~10% slower. Rates vary widely based on distance, obstructions, and interference.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 For single-user cases only, based on default guard interval which is 0.8 microseconds. Since multi-user via OFDMA has become available for 802.11ax, these may decrease. Also, these theoretical values depend on the link distance, whether the link is line-of-sight or not, interferences and the multi-path components in the environment.
  6. 1 2 The default guard interval is 0.8 microseconds. However, 802.11ax extended the maximum available guard interval to 3.2 microseconds, in order to support Outdoor communications, where the maximum possible propagation delay is larger compared to Indoor environments.
  7. ↑ Wake-up Radio (WUR) Operation.
  8. 1 2 For Chinese regulation.

802.11be Task Group

The 802.11be Task Group is led by individuals affiliated with Qualcomm, Intel, and Broadcom. Those affiliated with Huawei, Maxlinear, NXP, and Apple also have senior positions. [16]

Commercial availability

Qualcomm announced its FastConnect 7800 series on 28 Feb 2022 using 14 nm chips. [44] [45] As of March 2023, the company claims 175 devices will be using their Wi-Fi 7 chips, including smartphones, routers, and access points. [46]

Broadcom followed on 12 April 2022 with a series of 5 chips covering home, commercial, and enterprise uses. [47] The company unveiled its second generation Wi-Fi 7 chips on 20 June 2023 featuring tri-band MLO support and lower costs. [48]

The TP-Link Archer BE900 wireless router was available to consumers in April 2023. [49] The company's Deco BE95 mesh networking system was also available that month. Later in the year, Asus, Eero, Linksys and Netgear had Wi-fi 7 wireless routers available by the end of 2023.

The ARRIS SURFboard G54 is a DOCSIS 3.1 cable gateway featuring Wi-Fi 7. It became available in October 2023.

Client devices

The OnePlus 11 smartphone was released in February 2023. It uses Qualcomm's Snapdragon 8 Gen 2 chip with Wi-Fi 7 enabled. The OnePlus Open also features Wi-Fi 7 support. [50]

The ASUS ROG Phone 7 is a gaming smartphone announced in April 2023. It also uses Qualcomm's Snapdragon 8 Gen 2 chip with Wi-Fi 7 enabled.

The Lenovo Legion Slim 7 Gen8 laptop supports Wi-Fi 7 using the MediaTek Filogic 380 Wi-Fi 7 card. [51]

The Google Pixel 8 and Pixel 8 Pro both feature Wi-Fi 7 support and were available globally in October 2023. [52]

Intel launched the BE200 and BE202 wireless adapters for desktop and laptop motherboards in September 2023. [53]

The Asus ROG Strix Z790 E II motherboard is among the first with built-in Wi-Fi 7. [54]

Software

Android 13 and higher provide support for Wi-Fi 7. [55]

The Linux 6.2 kernel provides support for Wi-Fi 7 devices. [56] The 6.4 kernel added Wi-Fi 7 mesh support. [57] Linux 6.5 included significant driver support by Intel engineers, particularly support for MLO. [58]

Support for Wi-Fi 7 was added to Windows 11, as of build 26063.1. [59] [60]

Notes

  1. ↑ MCS 9 is not applicable to all combinations of channel width and spatial stream count.
  2. ↑ Per spatial stream.
  3. ↑ GI stands for guard interval.
  1. ↑ Wi-Fi 6E is the industry name that identifies Wi-Fi devices that operate in 6 GHz. Wi-Fi 6E offers the features and capabilities of Wi-Fi 6 extended into the 6 GHz band.
  2. ↑ 802.11ac only specifies operation in the 5 GHz band. Operation in the 2.4 GHz band is specified by 802.11n.

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