Wi-Fi 7

Last updated

Logo used by the Wi-Fi Alliance for Wi-Fi 7 Wi-Fi 7 - Generational Wi-Fi UI Visual.png
Logo used by the Wi-Fi Alliance for Wi-Fi 7
GenerationIEEE
standard
AdoptedMaximum
link rate
(Mb/s)
Radio
frequency
(GHz)
(Wi-Fi 0*) 802.11 19971–22.4
(Wi-Fi 1*) 802.11b 19991–112.4
(Wi-Fi 2*) 802.11a 19996–545
(Wi-Fi 3*) 802.11g 20032.4
Wi-Fi 4 802.11n 20096.5–6002.4, 5
Wi-Fi 5 802.11ac 20136.5–69335 [a]
Wi-Fi 6 802.11ax 20210.4–9608 [1] 2.4, 5
Wi-Fi 6E 2.4, 5, 6 [b]
Wi-Fi 7 802.11be exp. 20240.4–23,0592.4, 5, 6 [2]
Wi-Fi 8 802.11bn exp. 2028 [3] 100,000 [4] 2.4, 5, 6 [5]
*Wi‑Fi 0, 1, 2, and 3 are named by retroactive inference.
They do not exist in the official nomenclature. [6] [7] [8]
Generational Wi-Fi UI visuals 202305.png

IEEE 802.11be, dubbed Extremely High Throughput (EHT), is a wireless networking standard in the IEEE 802.11 set of protocols [9] [10] which is designated Wi-Fi 7 by the Wi-Fi Alliance. [11] [12] [13] It has built upon 802.11ax, focusing on WLAN indoor and outdoor operation with stationary and pedestrian speeds in the 2.4, 5, and 6  GHz frequency bands. [14]

Contents

Throughput is believed to reach a theoretical maximum of 46 Gbit/s, although actual results are much lower. [15]

Development of the 802.11be amendment is ongoing, with an initial draft in March 2021, and a final version expected by the end of 2024. [12] [16] [17] Despite this, numerous products were announced in 2022 based on draft standards, with retail availability in early 2023. On 8 January 2024, the Wi-Fi Alliance introduced its Wi-Fi Certified 7 program to certify Wi-Fi 7 devices. While final ratification is not expected until the end of 2024, the technical requirements are essentially complete, [15] and as of February 2024 there are already products labeled as Wi‑Fi 7. [18] [19] [20]

The global Wi-Fi 7 market was estimated at US$1 billion in 2023, and is projected to reach US$24.2 billion by 2030. [21]

Core features

The following are core features that have been approved as of Draft 3.0:

Candidate features

The main candidate features mentioned in the 802.11be Project Authorization Request (PAR) are: [23]

Additional features

Apart from the features mentioned in the PAR, there are newly introduced features: [27]

Rate set

Modulation and coding schemes
MCS index [i] Modulation typeCoding rateData rate (Mbit/s) [ii]
20 MHz channels40 MHz channels80 MHz channels160 MHz channels320 MHz channels
3200 ns GI [iii] 1600 ns GI800 ns GI3200 ns GI1600 ns GI800 ns GI3200 ns GI1600 ns GI800 ns GI3200 ns GI1600 ns GI800 ns GI3200 ns GI1600 ns GI800 ns GI
0BPSK1/2789151617313436616872123136144
1QPSK1/2151617293334616872122136144245272288
2QPSK3/422242644495292102108184204216368408432
316-QAM1/2293334596569123136144245272282490544577
416-QAM3/44449528898103184204216368408432735817865
564-QAM2/359656911713013824527228849054457698010891153
664-QAM3/4667377132146155276306324551613649110312251297
764-QAM5/6738186146163172306340360613681721122513611441
8256-QAM3/48898103176195207368408432735817865147016331729
9256-QAM5/698108115195217229408453480817907961163318151922
101024-QAM3/411012212921924425845951054091910211081183820422162
111024-QAM5/6122135143244271287510567600102111341201204222692402
124096-QAM3/4131146155263293310551613649110312251297220524502594
134096-QAM5/6146163172293325344613681721122513611441245027222882
14BPSK-DCM-DUP1/2789151718313436
15BPSK-DCM1/2444789151718313436616872

Comparison

Frequency
range,
or type
PHYProtocolRelease
date [28]
Freq­uencyBandwidthStream
data rate [29]
Max.
MIMO streams
ModulationApprox. range
In­doorOut­door
(GHz)(MHz)(Mbit/s)
1–7 GHzDSSS [30] , FHSS [A] 802.11-1997 June 19972.4221, 2 DSSS, FHSS [A] 20 m (66 ft)100 m (330 ft)
HR/DSSS [30] 802.11b September 19992.4221, 2, 5.5, 11 CCK, DSSS35 m (115 ft)140 m (460 ft)
OFDM 802.11a September 199955, 10, 206, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, 54
(for 20 MHz bandwidth,
divide by 2 and 4 for 10 and 5 MHz)
OFDM 35 m (115 ft)120 m (390 ft)
802.11j November 20044.9, 5.0
[B] [31]
 ? ?
802.11y November 20083.7 [C]  ?5,000 m (16,000 ft) [C]
802.11p July 20105.9 200 m 1,000 m (3,300 ft) [32]
802.11bd December 20225.9, 60 500 m 1,000 m (3,300 ft)
ERP-OFDM [33] 802.11g June 20032.438 m (125 ft)140 m (460 ft)
HT-OFDM [34] 802.11n
(Wi-Fi 4)
October 20092.4, 520Up to 288.8 [D] 4 MIMO-OFDM
(64-QAM)
70 m (230 ft)250 m (820 ft) [35]
40Up to 600 [D]
VHT-OFDM [34] 802.11ac
(Wi-Fi 5)
December 2013520Up to 693 [D] 8DL
MU-MIMO OFDM
(256-QAM)
35 m (115 ft) [36]  ?
40Up to 1600 [D]
80Up to 3467 [D]
160Up to 6933 [D]
HE-OFDMA 802.11ax
(Wi-Fi 6,
Wi-Fi 6E)
May 20212.4, 5, 620Up to 1147 [E] 8UL/DL
MU-MIMO OFDMA
(1024-QAM)
30 m (98 ft)120 m (390 ft) [F]
40Up to 2294 [E]
80Up to 5.5 Gbit/s [E]
80+80Up to 11.0 Gbit/s [E]
EHT-OFDMA 802.11be
(Wi-Fi 7)
Sep 2024
(est.)
2.4, 5, 680Up to 11.5 Gbit/s [E] 16UL/DL
MU-MIMO OFDMA
(4096-QAM)
30 m (98 ft)120 m (390 ft) [F]
160
(80+80)
Up to 23 Gbit/s [E]
240
(160+80)
Up to 35 Gbit/s [E]
320
(160+160)
Up to 46.1 Gbit/s [E]
UHR 802.11bn
(Wi-Fi 8)
May 2028
(est.)
2.4, 5, 6,
42, 60, 71
320Up to
100000
(100 Gbit/s)
16Multi-link
MU-MIMO OFDM
(8192-QAM)
 ? ?
WUR [G] 802.11ba October 20212.4, 54, 200.0625, 0.25
(62.5 kbit/s, 250 kbit/s)
OOK (multi-carrier OOK) ? ?
mmWave
(WiGig)
DMG [37] 802.11ad December 2012602160
(2.16 GHz)
Up to 8085 [38]
(8 Gbit/s)
OFDM, [A] single carrier, low-power single carrier [A] 3.3 m (11 ft) [39]  ?
802.11aj April 201860 [H] 1080 [40] Up to 3754
(3.75 Gbit/s)
single carrier, low-power single carrier [A]  ? ?
CMMG 802.11aj April 201845 [H] 540,
1080
Up to 15015 [41]
(15 Gbit/s)
4 [42] OFDM, single carrier ? ?
EDMG [43] 802.11ay July 202160Up to 8640
(8.64 GHz)
Up to 303336 [44]
(303 Gbit/s)
8 OFDM, single carrier10 m (33 ft)100 m (328 ft)
Sub 1 GHz (IoT)TVHT [45] 802.11af February 2014 0.054–
0.79
6, 7, 8Up to 568.9 [46] 4 MIMO-OFDM  ? ?
S1G [45] 802.11ah May 20170.7, 0.8,
0.9
1–16Up to 8.67 [47]
(@2 MHz)
4 ? ?
Light
(Li-Fi)
LC
(VLC/OWC)
802.11bb December 2023
(est.)
800–1000 nm20Up to 9.6 Gbit/sO-OFDM  ? ?
IR [A]
(IrDA)
802.11-1997 June 1997850–900 nm ?1, 2 PPM [A]  ? ?
802.11 Standard rollups
 802.11-2007 (802.11ma)March 20072.4, 5Up to 54 DSSS, OFDM
802.11-2012 (802.11mb)March 20122.4, 5Up to 150 [D] DSSS, OFDM
802.11-2016 (802.11mc)December 20162.4, 5, 60Up to 866.7 or 6757 [D] DSSS, OFDM
802.11-2020 (802.11md)December 20202.4, 5, 60Up to 866.7 or 6757 [D] DSSS, OFDM
802.11meSeptember 2024
(est.)
2.4, 5, 6, 60Up to 9608 or 303336 DSSS, OFDM
  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 This is obsolete, and support for this might be subject to removal in a future revision of the standard
  2. For Japanese regulation.
  3. 1 2 IEEE 802.11y-2008 extended operation of 802.11a to the licensed 3.7 GHz band. Increased power limits allow a range up to 5,000 m. As of 2009, it is only being licensed in the United States by the FCC.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Based on short guard interval; standard guard interval is ~10% slower. Rates vary widely based on distance, obstructions, and interference.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 For single-user cases only, based on default guard interval which is 0.8 microseconds. Since multi-user via OFDMA has become available for 802.11ax, these may decrease. Also, these theoretical values depend on the link distance, whether the link is line-of-sight or not, interferences and the multi-path components in the environment.
  6. 1 2 The default guard interval is 0.8 microseconds. However, 802.11ax extended the maximum available guard interval to 3.2 microseconds, in order to support Outdoor communications, where the maximum possible propagation delay is larger compared to Indoor environments.
  7. Wake-up Radio (WUR) Operation.
  8. 1 2 For Chinese regulation.

802.11be Task Group

The 802.11be Task Group is led by individuals affiliated with Qualcomm, Intel, and Broadcom. Those affiliated with Huawei, Maxlinear, NXP, and Apple also have senior positions. [17]

Commercial availability

Qualcomm announced its FastConnect 7800 series on 28 Feb 2022 using 14 nm chips. [48] [49] As of March 2023, the company claims 175 devices will be using their Wi-Fi 7 chips, including smartphones, routers, and access points. [50]

Broadcom followed on 12 April 2022 with a series of 5 chips covering home, commercial, and enterprise uses. [51] The company unveiled its second generation Wi-Fi 7 chips on 20 June 2023 featuring tri-band MLO support and lower costs. [52]

The TP-Link Archer BE900 wireless router was available to consumers in April 2023. [53] The company's Deco BE95 mesh networking system was also available that month. Asus, Eero, Linksys and Netgear had Wi-fi 7 wireless routers available by the end of 2023.

The ARRIS SURFboard G54 is a DOCSIS 3.1 cable gateway featuring Wi-Fi 7. It became available in October 2023.

Lumen's Quantum Fiber W1700K and W1701K are WiFi 7 certified and provided with their 360 WiFi offering. It is the first device made for a major Telecommunications Provider that's certified for WiFi 7. [54]

Client devices

Intel launched the BE200 and BE202 wireless adapters for desktop and laptop motherboards in September 2023. [63]

The Asus ROG Strix Z790 E II motherboard is among the first with built-in Wi-Fi 7. [64]

Software

Android 13 and higher provide support for Wi-Fi 7. [65]

The Linux 6.2 kernel provides support for Wi-Fi 7 devices. [66] The 6.4 kernel added Wi-Fi 7 mesh support. [67] Linux 6.5 included significant driver support by Intel engineers, particularly support for MLO. [68]

Support for Wi-Fi 7 was added to Windows 11, as of build 26063.1. [69] [70]

Notes

  1. MCS 9 is not applicable to all combinations of channel width and spatial stream count.
  2. Per spatial stream
  3. GI stands for guard interval.
  1. 802.11ac only specifies operation in the 5 GHz band. Operation in the 2.4 GHz band is specified by 802.11n.
  2. Wi-Fi 6E is the industry name that identifies Wi-Fi devices that operate in 6 GHz. Wi-Fi 6E offers the features and capabilities of Wi-Fi 6 extended into the 6 GHz band.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">IEEE 802.11</span> Wireless network standard

IEEE 802.11 is part of the IEEE 802 set of local area network (LAN) technical standards, and specifies the set of medium access control (MAC) and physical layer (PHY) protocols for implementing wireless local area network (WLAN) computer communication. The standard and amendments provide the basis for wireless network products using the Wi-Fi brand and are the world's most widely used wireless computer networking standards. IEEE 802.11 is used in most home and office networks to allow laptops, printers, smartphones, and other devices to communicate with each other and access the Internet without connecting wires. IEEE 802.11 is also a basis for vehicle-based communication networks with IEEE 802.11p.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Wi-Fi</span> Wireless local area network

Wi-Fi is a family of wireless network protocols based on the IEEE 802.11 family of standards, which are commonly used for local area networking of devices and Internet access, allowing nearby digital devices to exchange data by radio waves. These are the most widely used computer networks, used globally in home and small office networks to link devices and to provide Internet access with wireless routers and wireless access points in public places such as coffee shops, restaurants, hotels, libraries, and airports.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Wireless access point</span> Device that allows wireless devices to connect to a wired network

In computer networking, a wireless access point (WAP) is a networking hardware device that allows other Wi-Fi devices to connect to a wired network or wireless network. As a standalone device, the AP may have a wired or wireless connection to a switch or router, but in a wireless router it can also be an integral component of the networking device itself. A WAP and AP is differentiated from a hotspot, which can be a physical location or digital location where Wi-Fi or WAP access is available.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Wi-Fi Alliance</span> Non-profit organization that owns the Wi-Fi trademark

The Wi-Fi Alliance is a non-profit organization that owns the Wi-Fi trademark. Manufacturers may use the trademark to brand products certified for Wi-Fi interoperability. It is based in Austin, Texas.

IEEE 802.11n-2009, or 802.11n, is a wireless-networking standard that uses multiple antennas to increase data rates. The Wi-Fi Alliance has also retroactively labelled the technology for the standard as Wi-Fi 4. It standardized support for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), frame aggregation, and security improvements, among other features, and can be used in the 2.4 GHz or 5 GHz frequency bands.

Qualcomm Atheros is a developer of semiconductor chips for network communications, particularly wireless chipsets. The company was founded under the name T-Span Systems in 1998 by experts in signal processing and VLSI design from Stanford University, the University of California, Berkeley, and private industry. The company was renamed Atheros Communications in 2000 and it completed an initial public offering in February 2004, trading on the NASDAQ under the symbol ATHR.

IEEE 802.11  – or more correctly IEEE 802.11-1997 or IEEE 802.11-1999 – refer to the original version of the IEEE 802.11 wireless networking standard released in 1997 and clarified in 1999. Most of the protocols described by this early version are rarely used today.

IEEE 802.11a-1999 or 802.11a was an amendment to the IEEE 802.11 wireless local network specifications that defined requirements for an orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) communication system. It was originally designed to support wireless communication in the unlicensed national information infrastructure (U-NII) bands as regulated in the United States by the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 47, Section 15.407.

IEEE 802.11b-1999 or 802.11b is an amendment to the IEEE 802.11 wireless networking specification that extends throughout up to 11 Mbit/s using the same 2.4 GHz band. A related amendment was incorporated into the IEEE 802.11-2007 standard.

IEEE 802.11g-2003 or 802.11g is an amendment to the IEEE 802.11 specification that operates in the 2.4 GHz microwave band. The standard has extended link rate to up to 54 Mbit/s using the same 20 MHz bandwidth as 802.11b uses to achieve 11 Mbit/s. This specification, under the marketing name of Wi‑Fi, has been implemented all over the world. The 802.11g protocol is now Clause 19 of the published IEEE 802.11-2007 standard, and Clause 19 of the published IEEE 802.11-2012 standard.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Wireless Gigabit Alliance</span> Trade association

The Wireless Gigabit Alliance was a trade association that developed and promoted the adoption of multi-gigabit per second speed wireless communications technology "WiGig" operating over the unlicensed 60 GHz frequency band. The alliance was subsumed by the Wi-Fi Alliance in March 2013.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">WiGig</span> Type of wireless local area network based on IEEE 802.11

WiGig, alternatively known as 60 GHz Wi-Fi, refers to a set of 60 GHz wireless network protocols. It includes the current IEEE 802.11ad standard and also the IEEE 802.11ay standard.

IEEE 802.11ac-2013 or 802.11ac is a wireless networking standard in the IEEE 802.11 set of protocols, providing high-throughput wireless local area networks (WLANs) on the 5 GHz band. The standard has been retroactively labelled as Wi-Fi 5 by Wi-Fi Alliance.

IEEE 802.11ah is a wireless networking protocol published in 2017 called Wi-Fi HaLow as an amendment of the IEEE 802.11-2007 wireless networking standard. It uses 900 MHz license-exempt bands to provide extended-range Wi-Fi networks, compared to conventional Wi-Fi networks operating in the 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz and 6 GHz bands. It also benefits from lower energy consumption, allowing the creation of large groups of stations or sensors that cooperate to share signals, supporting the concept of the Internet of things (IoT). The protocol's low power consumption competes with Bluetooth, LoRa, and Zigbee, and has the added benefit of higher data rates and wider coverage range.

Multiple-input, multiple-output orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) is the dominant air interface for 4G and 5G broadband wireless communications. It combines multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) technology, which multiplies capacity by transmitting different signals over multiple antennas, and orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM), which divides a radio channel into a large number of closely spaced subchannels to provide more reliable communications at high speeds. Research conducted during the mid-1990s showed that while MIMO can be used with other popular air interfaces such as time-division multiple access (TDMA) and code-division multiple access (CDMA), the combination of MIMO and OFDM is most practical at higher data rates.

IEEE 802.3bz, NBASE-T and MGBASE-T are standards released in 2016 for Ethernet over twisted pair at speeds of 2.5 and 5 Gbit/s. These use the same cabling as the ubiquitous Gigabit Ethernet, yet offer higher speeds. The resulting standards are named 2.5GBASE-T and 5GBASE-T.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Wi-Fi 6</span> Wireless networking standard

Wi-Fi 6, or IEEE 802.11ax, is an IEEE standard from the Wi-Fi Alliance, for wireless networks (WLANs). It operates in the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands, with an extended version, Wi-Fi 6E, that adds the 6 GHz band. It is an upgrade from Wi-Fi 5 (802.11ac), with improvements for better performance in crowded places. Wi-Fi 6 covers frequencies in license-exempt bands between 1 and 7.125 GHz, including the commonly used 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz, as well as the broader 6 GHz band.

IEEE 802.11ay, Enhanced Throughput for Operation in License-exempt Bands above 45 GHz, is a follow-up to IEEE 802.11ad WiGig standard which quadruples the bandwidth and adds MIMO up to 8 streams. Development started in 2015 and the final standard IEEE 802.11ay-2021 was approved in March 2021.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">IEEE 802.11bn</span> Wireless networking standard in development

IEEE 802.11bn, dubbed Ultra High Reliability (UHR), is to be the next IEEE 802.11 standard. It is also designated Wi-Fi 8.

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