IEEE 2030

Last updated

IEEE 2030 was a project of the standards association of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) that developed a "Guide for Smart Grid Interoperability of Energy Technology and Information Technology Operation with the Electric Power System (EPS), and End-Use Applications and Loads". [1] [2]

Contents

Goals

The group provided guidelines for smart grid interoperability. It included a knowledge base addressing terminology, characteristics, functional performance and evaluation criteria, and the application of engineering principles for smart grid interoperability of the electric power system with end-use applications and loads. It also discussed alternate approaches to best practices and how to minimize the impact of lagging participants on compliant ones.

Security concerns

A major goal was to minimize the potential for exploits of insecure AMI "smart meters" which contain "buggy software that's easily hacked," according to Mike Davis of IOActive, who demonstrated how to take over thousands at once at the Black Hat USA 2009 conference. [3] Davis claims that the "vast majority" of such meters use no encryption and ask for no authentication before carrying out sensitive functions such as running software updates and severing customers from the power grid. [4]

Government view

According to the group chair, Dick DeBlasio, program manager at the National Renewable Energy Lab facility of the U.S. Department of Energy and IEEE smart grid liaison to the National Institute of Standards and Technology, the project intends to bring "intelligence and standardization to the way energy is transmitted, distributed, managed and kept secure. And it strongly addresses the need to reduce energy transmission's carbon footprint... provide urgently needed guidelines for smart grid interoperability, building on the many technologies used in the electric power system and merging these with communication, monitoring, and analysis technologies and capabilities." [5]

Industry view

According to Intel, the project will develop "open standards that will empower energy consumers and drive rapid integration of renewable energy sources, smart buildings, electric vehicles and other intelligent systems." [5]

Community and user view

The primary purpose of IEEE 2030 is to "permit two way power flow with communication and control...to promote a more reliable and flexible electric power system." [6] Power users (consumer and other) would perceive P2030 as a faster unification of meter, sensor and event data that offers more choice of peak curtailment notification services and power rationing or prioritizing in shortage or outage situations. In other words, as resilient community capabilities.

Indirect effects

Because the communication standards used provide more bandwidth than is required for power control, side effects of meeting reliability and security requirements would include the availability of additional bandwidth for other services (burglary, fire, medical and environmental sensors and alarms, ULC and CCTV monitoring, access control and keying systems, intercoms and secure phone line services running over AC power lines). Services such as radio, TV and general Internet could also run over the same infrastructure as their security needs are far less demanding than power or alarm systems. However, standardizing the tariffs or interfaces for non-power-control applications is not a function of IEEE 2030 itself, no matter how influential its standards may eventually prove for such services. Most such devices are expected to migrate to the more efficient DC Power over Ethernet interfaces over the period in which the project intended to influence AC power standards. Only those that continue to draw AC power directly would participate in controls that it defined.

The project was sponsored by IEEE Standards Coordinating Committee 21 (SCC21). [7] It was part of the IEEE Smart Grid initiative. [8]

The standard was published in September 2011 after approval. [9]

Related Research Articles

Power-line communication carries data on a conductor that is also used simultaneously for AC electric power transmission or electric power distribution to consumers.

Distributed generation, also distributed energy, on-site generation (OSG), or district/decentralized energy, is electrical generation and storage performed by a variety of small, grid-connected or distribution system-connected devices referred to as distributed energy resources (DER).

HomePlug is the family name for various power line communications specifications under the HomePlug designation, with each offering unique performance capabilities and coexistence or compatibility with other HomePlug specifications.

Variable-frequency drive Type of adjustable-speed drive

A variable-frequency drive (VFD) is a type of motor drive used in electro-mechanical drive systems to control AC motor speed and torque by varying motor input frequency and, depending on topology, to control associated voltage or current variation. VFDs may also be known as 'AFDs', 'ASDs', 'VSDs', 'AC drives', 'micro drives', 'inverter drives' or, simply, 'drives'.

Vehicle-to-grid

Vehicle-to-grid (V2G) describes a system in which plug-in electric vehicles (PEV), such as battery electric vehicles (BEV), plug-in hybrids (PHEV) or hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEV), communicate with the power grid to sell demand response services by either returning electricity to the grid or by throttling their charging rate. V2G storage capabilities can enable EVs to store and discharge electricity generated from renewable energy sources such as solar and wind, with output that fluctuates depending on weather and time of day.

DNP3

Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3) is a set of communications protocols used between components in process automation systems. Its main use is in utilities such as electric and water companies. Usage in other industries is not common. It was developed for communications between various types of data acquisition and control equipment. It plays a crucial role in SCADA systems, where it is used by SCADA Master Stations, Remote Terminal Units (RTUs), and Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs). It is primarily used for communications between a master station and RTUs or IEDs. ICCP, the Inter-Control Center Communications Protocol, is used for inter-master station communications. Competing standards include the older Modbus protocol and the newer IEC 61850 protocol.

Demand response Techniques used to prevent power networks from being overwhelmed

Demand response is a change in the power consumption of an electric utility customer to better match the demand for power with the supply. Until recently electric energy could not be easily stored, so utilities have traditionally matched demand and supply by throttling the production rate of their power plants, taking generating units on or off line, or importing power from other utilities. There are limits to what can be achieved on the supply side, because some generating units can take a long time to come up to full power, some units may be very expensive to operate, and demand can at times be greater than the capacity of all the available power plants put together. Demand response seeks to adjust the demand for power instead of adjusting the supply.

A microgrid is a decentralized group of electricity sources and loads that normally operates, connected to and synchronous with the traditional wide area synchronous grid (macrogrid), but is able to disconnect from the interconnected grid and to function autonomously in "island mode" as technical or economic conditions dictate. In this way, microgrids improve the security of supply within the microgrid cell, and can supply emergency power, changing between island and connected modes.

The IEEE Std 1901-2010 is a standard for high speed communication devices via electric power lines, often called broadband over power lines (BPL). The standard uses transmission frequencies below 100 MHz. This standard is usable by all classes of BPL devices, including BPL devices used for the connection to Internet access services as well as BPL devices used within buildings for local area networks, smart energy applications, transportation platforms (vehicle), and other data distribution applications.

Smart meter Online recorder of utility usage

A smart meter is an electronic device that records information such as consumption of electric energy, voltage levels, current, and power factor. Smart meters communicate the information to the consumer for greater clarity of consumption behavior, and electricity suppliers for system monitoring and customer billing. Smart meters typically record energy near real-time, and report regularly, short intervals throughout the day. Smart meters enable two-way communication between the meter and the central system. Such an advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) differs from automatic meter reading (AMR) in that it enables two-way communication between the meter and the supplier. Communications from the meter to the network may be wireless, or via fixed wired connections such as power line carrier (PLC). Wireless communication options in common use include cellular communications, Wi-Fi, wireless ad hoc networks over Wi-Fi, wireless mesh networks, low power long-range wireless (LoRa), Wize ZigBee, and Wi-SUN.

Phasor measurement unit

A phasor measurement unit (PMU) is a device used to estimate the magnitude and phase angle of an electrical phasor quantity in the electricity grid using a common time source for synchronization. Time synchronization is usually provided by GPS or IEEE 1588 Precision Time Protocol, which allows synchronized real-time measurements of multiple remote points on the grid. PMUs are capable of capturing samples from a waveform in quick succession and reconstructing the phasor quantity, made up of an angle measurement and a magnitude measurement. The resulting measurement is known as a synchrophasor. These time synchronized measurements are important because if the grid’s supply and demand are not perfectly matched, frequency imbalances can cause stress on the grid, which is a potential cause for power outages.

Smart grid Type of electrical grid

A smart grid is an electrical grid which includes a variety of operation and energy measures including:

Electrical grid Interconnected network for delivering electricity from suppliers to consumers

An electrical grid is an interconnected network for electricity delivery from producers to consumers. Electrical grids vary in size and can cover whole countries or continents. It consists of:

The term Smart Grid is most commonly defined as an electric grid that has been digitized to enable two way communication between producers and consumers. The objective of the Smart Grid is to update electricity infrastructure to include more advanced communication, control, and sensory technology with the hope of increasing communication between consumers and energy producers. The potential benefits from a Smart Grid include increased reliability, more efficient electricity use, better economics, and improved sustainability.

The term Smart Grid describes a next-generation electric power system that is classified by the increased use of communication and information technology in the generation, delivery, and consumption of electrical energy. For individual consumers, smart grid technology offers more control over electricity consumption. Typically, the goal is greater overall energy efficiency.

IEEE Smart Grid

IEEE Smart Grid is an initiative launched by IEEE to help provide expertise and guidance for individuals and organizations involved in the modernization and optimization of the power grid, better known as the "smart grid". IEEE Smart Grid encompasses an array of activities, including development of new smart grid-related standards, best practices, publications, and conferences and educational opportunities.

The Open Smart Grid Protocol (OSGP) is a family of specifications published by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) used in conjunction with the ISO/IEC 14908 control networking standard for smart grid applications. OSGP is optimized to provide reliable and efficient delivery of command and control information for smart meters, direct load control modules, solar panels, gateways, and other smart grid devices. With over 5 million OSGP based smart meters and devices deployed worldwide it is one of the most widely used smart meter and smart grid device networking standards.

The UCLA Smart Grid Energy Research Center (SMERC), located on the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) campus, is an organization focused on developing the next generation of technologies and innovation for the SmartGrid. Partnerships with government, technology providers, DOE research labs and universities, utilities, policy makers, and electric vehicle and appliance manufacturers provide SMERC with diverse capabilities and exceptional, matured leadership.

Smart Grid Interoperability Panel or SGIP is an organization that defines requirements for a smarter electric grid by driving interoperability, the use of standard, and collaborating across organizations to address gaps and issue hindering the deployment of smart grid technologies.

Transactive energy refers to the economic and control techniques used to manage the flow or exchange of energy within an existing electric power system in regards to economic and market based standard values of energy. It is a concept that is used in an effort to improve the efficiency and reliability of the power system, pointing towards a more intelligent and interactive future for the energy industry.

References

  1. ↑ "IEEE P2030 Official Website" . Retrieved 6 March 2012.
  2. ↑ "IEEE, conference drive smart grids – P2030 aims to develop a guide to grid standards". EETimes.com. Archived from the original on 22 January 2013. Retrieved 6 March 2012.
  3. ↑ "Black Hat USA 2009" . Retrieved 6 March 2012.
  4. ↑ "Buggy 'smart meters' open door to power-grid botnet". 12 June 2009. Retrieved 6 March 2012.
  5. 1 2 "IEEE Unifies Power, Communications and IT with Launch of Smart Grid Interoperability Standards Project P2030". 4 May 2009. Retrieved 6 March 2012.
  6. ↑ "IEEE P2030 Draft Guide for Smart Grid Interoperability" . Retrieved 6 March 2012.
  7. ↑ "IEEE Standards Coordinating Committee 21 (SCC21) Official Website".
  8. ↑ "IEEE Smart Grid Portal". Archived from the original on 23 April 2012. Retrieved 28 January 2013.
  9. ↑ IEEE Guide for Smart Grid Interoperability of Energy Technology and Information Technology Operation with the Electric Power System (EPS), End-Use Applications, and Loads. IEEE Std 2030-2011. IEEE. 10 September 2011. ISBN   9780738167282.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.