A hippie is a member of the counterculture of the 1960s, originally a youth movement that began in the United States during the mid-1960s and spread to other countries around the world. The word hippie came from hipster and used to describe beatniks who moved into New York City's Greenwich Village and San Francisco's Haight-Ashbury district. The term hippie first found popularity in San Francisco with Herb Caen, who was a journalist for the San Francisco Chronicle.
Haight-Ashbury is a district of San Francisco, California, named for the intersection of Haight and Ashbury streets. It is also called The Haight and The Upper Haight. The neighborhood is known for being the origin of the hippie counterculture.
María Sabina was a Mazatec curandera who lived in the Sierra Mazateca of southern Mexico. Her practice was based on the use of psilocybin mushrooms, such as Psilocybe mexicana.
Mexican rock music, often referred to in Mexico as rock nacional, originated in the 1950s. Standards by Chuck Berry, Elvis Presley and The Everly Brothers were soon covered by bands such as Los Rockets, Los Twisters, Los Teen Tops, Los Rebeldes del Rock, Los Locos del Ritmo, Los Crazy Boys, Los Apson, Los Nómadas, and Javier Bátiz, which later led to original compositions, often in English. The group "Los Nómadas" was the first racially integrated band of the 1950s. Their lead guitarist, Bill Aken, wrote most of their original material, including the raucous Donde-Donde, and co-wrote the material for their Sounds Of The Barrio album, which is still being sold. Their 1954 recording of She's My Babe was the first top 40 R&B recording by a Latino band. In the southwestern United States, Spanish guitar rhythms and Mexican musical influences may have inspired some of the music of American musicians Ritchie Valens, Danny Flores, Sam the Sham, Roy Orbison and later, Herb Alpert. Initially, the public exhibited only moderate interest in them, because the media attention was focused on La Ola Inglesa.
The band Love Army was a Mexican rock band that emerged from “Chicano Wave” in the early 1970s. The band Love Army derived from the Tijuana Five and was formed by Alberto Isordia, Salvador Martinez, Jaime Valle, Fernando Vahaux, Ernesto Hernandez, Mario Rojas, Enrique Sida and Chuy Sida.
The counterculture of the 1960s was an anti-establishment cultural phenomenon that developed first in the United Kingdom (UK) and then the United States (US) before spreading throughout much of the Western world between the mid-1960s and the mid-1970s, with London, New York City, and San Francisco being hotbeds of early countercultural activity. The aggregate movement gained momentum as the Civil Rights Movement continued to grow, and would later become revolutionary with the expansion of the US government's extensive military intervention in Vietnam. As the 1960s progressed, widespread social tensions also developed concerning other issues, and tended to flow along generational lines regarding human sexuality, women's rights, traditional modes of authority, experimentation with psychoactive drugs, and differing interpretations of the American Dream. Many key movements related to these issues were born or advanced within the counterculture of the 1960s.
La Revolución de Emiliano Zapata is a Mexican rock band that broke sales records in Europe and Mexico with their hit song "Nasty Sex" at the height of the counterculture era of the early 1970s. Breaking ties with their original concept as the hippie era waned worldwide by the mid-1970s, they continued actively interpreting romantic ballads with considerable success. In 2009, they returned as a rock act.
La Onda was a multidisciplinary artistic movement created in Mexico by artists and intellectuals as part of the worldwide waves of the counterculture of the 1960s and the avant-garde. Its followers were called "onderos", "macizos" or "jipitecas". La Onda encompassed artistic productions in the worlds of cinema, literature, visual arts and music and strongly addressed social issues of the time such as women's rights, ecology, spirituality, artistic freedom, open drug use and democracy in a country tightly ruled by the PRI. According to Mexican intellectual Carlos Monsiváis, La Onda was "a new spirit, the repudiation of convention and prejudice, the creation of a new morality, the challenging of proper morals, the expansion of consciousness, the systematic revision and critique of the values offered by the West as sacred and perfect."
The hippie subculture began its development as a youth movement in the United States during the early 1960s and then developed around the world.
The Festival Rock y Ruedas de Avándaro was a historic Mexican rock festival held on September 11–12, 1971, on the shores of Lake Avándaro near the Avándaro Golf Club, in a hamlet called Tenantongo, near the town of Valle de Bravo in the central State of Mexico. The festival, organized by brothers Eduardo and Alfonso Lopez Negrete's company Promotora Go, McCann Erickson executive and sports promoter Justino Compean and Telesistema Mexicano producer Luis de Llano Macedo, took place at the height of La Onda and celebrated life, youth, ecology, music, peace and free love, has been compared to the American Woodstock festival for its psychedelic music, counterculture imagery and artwork, and open drug use. A milestone in the history of Mexican rock music, the festival has drawn anywhere from an estimated 100,000 to 500,000 concertgoers.
Sergio García Michel was an influential Mexican film director and professor, considered one of the key figures of Super 8 cinema and part of the counterculture movements of La Onda and Rupestre.
La Comuna was a controversial Mexican rock band formed by a highly intellectual, multidisciplinary and idealistic group of individuals who were part of the counterculture movement known as La Onda.
Carlos Baca is a Mexican intellectual, cartoonist, visual artist, ecologist, yogi, writer and rock music critic. He is most recognized for being a key figure of the counterculture movement known as La Onda and the creator of the comic strip character Avandarito.
Humberto Rubalcaba Zuleta is a Mexican attorney and former Mexican rock music impresario. He gained international recognition as the publisher of the book "Nosotros", the awarded short film "Tinta Blanca en Avandaro" as well as defense attorney of the band Tinta Blanca during its protest outside Los Pinos when then President Echeverria decided to tackle La Onda movement after the Avandaro festival; however, his support to the counterculture was heavily used against him in future cases such as the arrest of the high-profile Interpol officer Aldana Ibarra.
Nosotros ("Us") is a photo-book written as a manifesto by Mexican attorney and impresario Humberto Rubalcaba and his collaborators in 1972. The book describes their experiences at the 1971's Avandaro Festival and was written as Rubalcaba, together with other personalities such as Jacobo Zabludovsky, were trying to defend against conservative sectors of society and government the purpose of the festival as well as the broader meaning and impact of La Onda movement to the world in general and Mexico in particular.
Avándaro is a photo-book written by Mexican writer Luis Carrion in 1971. The book describes Carrion's experiences at the 1971's Avandaro Festival and was written as a critic to the followers of La Onda from a leftist point of view. According to Carrion and many of his peers from the Left, while the jipitecas were genuinely anti-establishment, they were being manipulated by the Government and mass-media.
Yo estuve en Avándaro is a 2016 photo-book about 1971's Avandaro festival, written by rock music scholar Federico Rubli Kaiser. The book, prologued by the festival's co-organizer Luis de Llano, deals with the story behind the festival, how it was created, and what happened afterwards, and also debunks many myths around it. It reuses restored pictures by Graciela Iturbide originally used for Carrion Beltran's book about the festival.
Los Apson is a former Mexican rock-n-roll band, best known for their Spanish language cover versions of famous songs.
