List of countries by future gross government debt

Last updated

This is a list of countries by estimated future gross[ clarification needed ] central government debt based on data released in October 2020 by the International Monetary Fund, with figures in percentage of national GDP.

Contents

Projected debt estimates

Gross government debt (sortable; in percent of GDP)
Country201720182019202020212022202320242025
Flag of Afghanistan (2013-2021).svg  Afghanistan 7.9987.3846.1307.8488.9069.4239.91010.37410.879
Flag of Albania.svg  Albania 71.89569.50967.74883.28883.20177.09974.80171.91569.149
Flag of Algeria.svg  Algeria 16.69317.96418.28818.10917.25616.88816.31415.94015.754
Flag of Angola.svg  Angola 69.26589.000109.210120.290107.52693.77283.69274.32467.237
Flag of Antigua and Barbuda.svg  Antigua and Barbuda 92.32290.71884.468113.687112.659102.00792.08986.10380.340
Flag of Argentina.svg  Argentina 57.02886.43190.38296.693n/an/an/an/an/a
Flag of Armenia.svg  Armenia 53.70451.23349.94560.71061.75160.56059.19957.57456.061
Flag of Aruba.svg  Aruba 86.74183.41281.286127.142120.295117.528117.821117.283115.729
Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia 41.07641.66446.27760.41170.19874.39274.97273.60370.902
Flag of Austria.svg  Austria 78.40573.96470.34784.75784.28182.44281.11579.31376.966
Flag of Azerbaijan.svg  Azerbaijan 22.50918.68517.70320.11320.03621.42223.64223.57626.211
Flag of the Bahamas.svg  The Bahamas 53.01460.95558.84168.70981.95980.18378.49676.38374.872
Flag of Bahrain.svg  Bahrain 88.13895.018103.363128.282130.581132.871134.797136.262137.132
Flag of Bangladesh.svg  Bangladesh 33.37634.56135.81939.61941.91542.29042.38641.86241.311
Flag of Barbados.svg  Barbados 158.264125.585122.222134.094124.526117.242111.337105.678100.112
Flag of Belarus.svg  Belarus 53.16047.51541.86350.89648.58448.17445.21144.34042.981
Flag of Belgium (civil).svg  Belgium 101.76599.89898.748117.696117.068118.340119.598121.248123.024
Flag of Belize.svg  Belize 104.397101.458105.081134.609132.268129.574129.109128.154127.046
Flag of Benin.svg  Benin 39.59841.08041.23041.78641.36539.87038.37136.77735.189
Flag of Bhutan.svg  Bhutan 111.724110.469104.405121.263125.713121.030114.527104.31897.524
Bandera de Bolivia (Estado).svg  Bolivia 51.26053.85059.00069.44768.31367.57066.90666.58565.992
Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg  Bosnia and Herzegovina 39.24034.27132.80438.86940.39940.11340.41739.09637.309
Flag of Botswana.svg  Botswana 13.39714.19715.10120.57124.00225.91627.91630.11831.465
Flag of Brazil.svg  Brazil 83.65987.07189.471101.399102.764103.473103.766104.210104.409
Flag of Brunei.svg  Brunei 2.8262.5862.5753.2082.8802.7232.6292.5572.493
Flag of Bulgaria.svg  Bulgaria 23.00320.11618.57624.07023.68322.22621.01519.94118.939
Flag of Burkina Faso.svg  Burkina Faso 33.49837.65442.67246.61648.06248.42348.27047.69047.142
Flag of Burundi.svg  Burundi 44.72050.50657.37165.03368.92770.70271.90371.97271.027
Flag of Cape Verde.svg  Cabo Verde 127.218125.592124.981136.789137.577136.272129.852122.962115.437
Flag of Cambodia.svg  Cambodia 29.99528.63828.61331.47231.44132.11033.35535.12136.855
Flag of Cameroon.svg  Cameroon 37.67939.47442.66944.72744.96844.89844.08542.83241.386
Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada 90.54889.74788.619114.648114.972114.671112.831110.017106.24
Flag of the Central African Republic.svg  Central African Republic 50.27550.03147.17746.57444.02940.99238.86837.14435.865
Flag of Chad.svg  Chad 50.26849.05544.28646.37144.35241.87339.14737.83035.104
Flag of Chile.svg  Chile 23.59825.55827.90732.80637.51041.74544.89347.73847.981
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China 46.35848.79652.62961.70266.53071.20074.59976.834178.068
Flag of Colombia.svg  Colombia 49.43653.68552.28568.23168.06567.32565.47262.34359.524
Flag of the Comoros.svg  Comoros 18.44521.05325.23730.42432.40632.94133.43533.83333.940
Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg  Democratic Republic of the Congo 19.05315.29814.75016.14013.42011.2769.2707.6936.259
Flag of the Republic of the Congo.svg  Republic of the Congo 94.22498.46583.672104.51898.41990.36781.84870.27063.729
Flag of Costa Rica.svg  Costa Rica 48.33653.07858.38070.05274.76376.75877.16576.30674.163
Flag of Croatia.svg  Croatia 77.75674.71773.23687.67085.45982.71180.27377.96975.97
Flag of Cyprus.svg  Cyprus 93.884100.56195.507118.402112.418105.063101.03793.87385.713
Flag of the Czech Republic.svg  Czech Republic 34.23632.07130.24639.13341.39042.50742.79242.44641.858
Flag of Cote d'Ivoire.svg  Côte d'Ivoire 36.85439.66237.88841.73242.61442.40142.18341.89442.113
Flag of Denmark.svg  Denmark 35.82034.21429.39334.54439.28742.55644.45145.27845.883
Flag of Djibouti.svg  Djibouti 48.18446.50838.47440.55641.72640.83940.03339.52138.916
Flag of Dominica.svg  Dominica 83.80678.82285.71890.75888.98684.35480.52076.01971.001
Flag of the Dominican Republic.svg  Dominican Republic 49.16350.66153.75868.77168.20366.76265.00663.34961.674
Flag of Ecuador.svg  Ecuador 44.61746.13951.82568.92167.43865.78162.28059.95056.058
Flag of Egypt.svg  Egypt 103.16192.65283.80086.59090.59887.80184.44180.81477.018
Flag of El Salvador.svg  El Salvador 67.18468.00069.40288.98792.53895.58498.916102.771106.800
Flag of Equatorial Guinea.svg  Equatorial Guinea 36.23539.15141.06351.17448.22349.38448.48447.49346.134
Flag of Eritrea.svg  Eritrea 202.536185.607189.351185.790173.471165.657157.733149.848142.185
Flag of Estonia.svg  Estonia 9.1248.2968.39618.68722.37825.56028.04730.33031.890
Flag of Eswatini.svg  Eswatini (Swaziland) 25.11533.83638.04947.92649.90252.13452.55651.99651.389
Flag of Ethiopia.svg  Ethiopia 57.72361.10657.60356.07258.51156.92553.91448.60443.306
Flag of Europe.svg Eurozone 87.61985.73483.984101.14299.97598.36696.95495.57494.265
Flag of Europe.svg  European Union 83.28381.29379.20595.34794.60793.20091.85090.50689.255
Flag of Fiji.svg  Fiji 43.74546.15548.99683.78983.32979.52876.89374.53373.449
Flag of Finland.svg  Finland 61.26759.62659.01167.91268.59069.12069.76570.27870.540
Flag of France.svg  France 98.31898.06098.120118.738118.573119.959121.271122.270123.307
Flag of Gabon.svg  Gabon 62.88660.91462.40173.85770.52565.19759.85554.76748.98
Flag of The Gambia.svg  The Gambia 87.00884.61180.01083.10277.00673.90867.79361.94257.003
Flag of Georgia.svg  Georgia 40.76039.95242.64158.65558.77956.38154.61153.11252.034
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany 64.99361.63059.52573.27872.20668.49265.52662.57159.549
Flag of Ghana.svg  Ghana 58.30659.12962.76376.66874.65374.63772.39371.86071.33
Flag of Greece.svg  Greece 179.275184.759180.915205.249200.533187.331176.990169.749165.910
Flag of Grenada.svg  Grenada 70.10964.35859.07971.49673.49770.19964.23657.12250.343
Flag of Guatemala.svg  Guatemala 25.09126.49026.59132.22933.89435.03435.60035.66635.458
Flag of Guinea.svg  Guinea 40.48337.95634.49844.88345.91944.31442.91641.97140.958
Flag of Guinea-Bissau.svg  Guinea-Bissau 50.73460.18467.61679.81079.03777.81675.31772.69170.04
Flag of Guyana.svg  Guyana 38.90943.11439.79236.98134.84327.65821.97121.10020.488
Flag of Haiti.svg  Haiti 37.97039.65947.68654.36352.44248.90646.31544.77543.84
Flag of Honduras.svg  Honduras 38.91240.08340.28745.95750.41952.36653.85253.71051.09
Flag of Hong Kong.svg  Hong Kong 0.0550.0520.2690.2900.2720.2550.2420.0000.00
Flag of Hungary.svg  Hungary 72.90370.23366.34477.42075.86973.21969.83666.44963.47
Flag of Iceland.svg  Iceland 43.24637.37636.99751.73252.52952.74752.86852.51453.096
Flag of India.svg  India 69.42369.57572.34489.33089.85689.51789.02288.55288.155
Flag of Indonesia.svg  Indonesia 29.39630.06930.49038.47741.82843.18143.26143.16843.068
Flag of Iran.svg  Iran 38.18740.32744.74345.36740.43539.21038.64138.50238.350
Flag of Iraq.svg  Iraq 58.88748.88546.90468.26574.98181.68584.84288.30790.834
Flag of Ireland.svg  Ireland 67.41162.91557.33163.67661.25459.22755.80452.51249.239
Flag of Israel.svg  Israel 60.60760.87759.97976.52180.00281.42082.23982.64782.683
Flag of Italy.svg  Italy 134.145134.808134.804161.849158.305156.569154.874153.830152.568
Flag of Jamaica.svg  Jamaica 101.29294.40593.861101.33492.43284.27777.42772.15967.323
Flag of Japan.svg  Japan 234.462236.568237.955266.176263.968263.045262.785263.016263.985
Flag of Jordan.svg  Jordan 76.02275.06178.01588.38288.83988.01986.12382.74979.885
Flag of Kazakhstan.svg  Kazakhstan 19.86920.25919.94423.44124.10825.34026.24128.01929.770
Flag of Kenya.svg  Kenya 56.88160.23562.09966.38970.46373.32976.26277.74578.625
Flag of Kiribati.svg  Kiribati 21.42319.70818.34417.72224.95231.52137.60043.22348.452
Flag of Kosovo.svg  Kosovo 16.23216.95317.52923.37925.85327.99829.61331.15232.567
Flag of Kuwait.svg  Kuwait 20.48514.83811.77119.25536.57049.34165.22578.42289.925
Flag of Kyrgyzstan (2023).svg  Kyrgyzstan 58.78654.81854.14468.08266.78564.05561.24359.68458.638
Flag of Laos.svg  Laos 57.19859.65062.64370.93770.65970.61770.03768.84867.443
Flag of Latvia.svg  Latvia 40.32736.50936.75644.06345.02442.99840.85339.61938.503
Flag of Lebanon.svg  Lebanon 149.668154.907174.482171.666n/an/an/an/an/a
Flag of Lesotho.svg  Lesotho 38.00546.52146.46047.16845.77643.79541.89340.56039.032
Flag of Liberia.svg  Liberia 33.90139.41953.27461.75063.55564.18863.17861.64060.294
Flag of Libya.svg  Libya n/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/a
Flag of Lithuania.svg  Lithuania 39.34434.07837.66548.25247.68244.92842.24940.00137.636
Flag of Luxembourg.svg  Luxembourg 22.34820.99622.05626.90627.48528.32128.37028.41628.42
Flag of Macau.svg  Macau 0.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.000
Flag of Madagascar.svg  Madagascar 40.03139.89438.42244.17144.96147.04648.75850.01450.966
Flag of Malawi.svg  Malawi 61.48863.11763.43170.66375.07274.94273.42072.78671.341
Flag of Malaysia.svg  Malaysia 54.39555.54357.24367.58166.02565.04364.12363.00861.996
Flag of Maldives.svg  Maldives 61.29971.25477.987118.318119.178116.667113.914110.033106.509
Flag of Mali.svg  Mali 35.98537.71840.46444.79746.24146.19546.55346.44946.236
Flag of Malta.svg  Malta 48.79345.18542.57056.69757.08355.42454.55453.09251.385
Flag of the Marshall Islands.svg  Marshall Islands 26.63524.54722.62627.43324.73024.31824.94628.66332.298
Flag of Mauritania.svg  Mauritania 55.10061.38958.11565.56565.90964.65961.76458.87756.932
Flag of Mauritius.svg  Mauritius 64.34066.22382.80485.65384.16583.74985.78288.31185.258
Flag of Mexico.svg  Mexico 53.96353.60653.74965.54165.59965.40665.16465.02364.905
Flag of the Federated States of Micronesia.svg  Micronesia 21.92318.76116.99816.49514.97813.67312.42415.79919.046
Flag of Moldova.svg  Moldova 34.30031.64028.37837.84739.23840.42540.71739.84838.917
Flag of Montenegro.svg  Montenegro 66.20771.88579.34390.84888.14586.11084.18782.23980.201
Flag of Morocco.svg  Morocco 65.10975.17780.50091.10095.073101.961102.893100.83298.856
Flag of Mozambique.svg  Mozambique 102.443106.246104.378121.331123.511123.351116.803104.88592.081
Flag of Myanmar.svg  Myanmar 38.47040.41538.84442.37545.21146.95948.41149.67350.549
Flag of Namibia.svg  Namibia 43.50749.81154.66067.61568.16672.67974.53975.64876.476
Flag of Nauru.svg  Nauru 76.68974.31661.99259.73957.29855.50254.10565.96578.821
Flag of Nepal.svg    Nepal 26.08730.23830.06939.22043.70045.03946.28447.35348.229
Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands 56.91352.39148.38459.31961.14061.01160.11358.59656.391
Flag of New Zealand.svg  New Zealand 31.26728.51831.54248.02360.21765.56468.01868.51066.903
Flag of Nicaragua.svg  Nicaragua 34.08037.55042.13948.25550.25950.47451.24953.36655.501
Flag of Niger.svg  Niger 39.53038.93941.72648.35048.64545.49143.02342.20141.625
Flag of Nigeria.svg  Nigeria 25.34027.65729.14234.97835.50936.23136.53836.97737.449
Flag of North Macedonia.svg  North Macedonia 39.38340.59940.16650.25450.52650.62050.81051.07551.506
Flag of Norway.svg  Norway 38.63639.91541.25040.00040.00040.00040.00040.00040.000
Flag of Oman.svg  Oman 46.41653.16863.05681.52988.65186.67790.83395.27899.074
Flag of Pakistan.svg  Pakistan 67.06072.07785.55587.20385.96582.11278.30473.63969.263
Flag of Panama.svg  Panama 34.78436.77741.03754.95160.13960.64458.94257.32055.286
Flag of Papua New Guinea.svg  Papua New Guinea 32.48436.78240.05946.70247.73849.16047.77647.72745.690
Flag of Paraguay.svg  Paraguay 19.84122.24326.10735.45335.69735.24734.42933.91933.357
Flag of Peru.svg  Peru 25.41326.16427.12239.48239.13139.68139.39438.80337.796
Flag of the Philippines.svg  Philippines 38.10837.13436.96948.85852.51254.97056.96358.41259.333
Flag of Poland.svg  Poland 50.62648.84345.96960.00160.17959.23959.34159.86560.893
Flag of Portugal.svg  Portugal 126.143122.004117.737137.240130.047124.059119.607117.789115.895
Flag of Puerto Rico.svg  Puerto Rico 51.62854.64756.20664.80665.27165.56966.30766.97167.502
Flag of Qatar.svg  Qatar 51.55246.54356.18268.05960.57854.03148.03143.00837.955
Flag of Romania.svg  Romania 36.81136.42736.76144.83349.59154.38258.47562.19665.351
Flag of Russia.svg  Russia 14.31113.52013.91518.94218.98218.52818.20118.04817.915
Flag of Rwanda.svg  Rwanda 41.31744.99151.36161.60469.38769.54867.57167.01566.872
Flag of Saint Kitts and Nevis.svg  Saint Kitts and Nevis 59.41357.21256.22069.06963.94358.40254.11953.17952.216
Flag of Saint Lucia.svg  Saint Lucia 59.86959.97961.32185.09687.70288.65086.51185.69684.545
Flag of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.svg  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 73.50175.64275.19687.92789.69490.83190.80289.23986.809
Flag of Samoa.svg  Samoa 49.65552.89447.52555.60665.33970.36873.50273.33373.227
Flag of San Marino.svg  San Marino 76.64178.76985.70897.40895.17394.51794.11794.84695.321
Flag of Sao Tome and Principe.svg  São Tomé and Príncipe 85.83983.07973.06973.63766.71062.63958.75655.05651.84
Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg  Saudi Arabia 17.16018.98022.79033.41834.34934.08832.97034.40935.546
Flag of Senegal.svg  Senegal 61.13963.19864.05165.40565.42464.62160.36158.29057.473
Flag of Serbia.svg  Serbia 58.72754.45252.83659.54656.96553.10550.24247.59145.040
Flag of Seychelles.svg  Seychelles 62.27557.68255.26088.56284.98480.33773.03067.29061.361
Flag of Sierra Leone.svg  Sierra Leone 69.15569.08970.04977.36678.48376.43473.38470.19467.296
Flag of Singapore.svg  Singapore 108.403110.447130.023131.186132.353133.519134.701135.898137.112
Flag of Slovakia.svg  Slovakia 51.31249.46348.00061.79260.62558.98956.92355.62355.178
Flag of Slovenia.svg  Slovenia 74.12270.42566.13080.95678.00577.30975.46673.86272.747
Flag of the Solomon Islands.svg  Solomon Islands 8.3868.1998.91315.34618.78521.37523.75325.73827.830
Flag of South Africa.svg  South Africa 53.02256.71062.15178.82182.75885.67987.27586.92185.174
Flag of South Korea.svg  South Korea 40.05040.02241.92448.41052.24155.80159.25462.26864.960
Flag of South Sudan.svg  South Sudan 65.20948.18965.42771.73756.74847.49840.74236.95135.333
Flag of Spain.svg  Spain 98.55697.60195.466123.038121.310120.375119.308118.120118.813
Flag of Sri Lanka.svg  Sri Lanka 77.90283.76986.78198.25598.29597.80797.68397.25396.550
Flag of Sudan.svg  Sudan 159.180186.708201.578259.385250.713221.157210.023204.861198.865
Flag of Suriname.svg  Suriname 77.98675.56382.295145.268107.704110.882112.157116.466120.489
Flag of Sweden.svg  Sweden 40.69638.80334.82641.86341.72041.42939.54137.76636.035
Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg   Switzerland 42.70340.95642.13848.74948.47647.94547.33346.24245.279
Flag of Syria.svg  Syria n/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/a
Flag of the Republic of China.svg  Taiwan 34.51433.97832.76935.60235.61134.56932.96731.18929.330
Flag of Tajikistan.svg  Tajikistan 50.29347.81943.08747.76848.86048.45448.34448.24247.963
Flag of Tanzania.svg  Tanzania 37.67138.69938.22038.50739.24838.95938.25837.39636.814
Flag of Thailand.svg  Thailand 41.78241.95741.09550.44856.37156.09656.85956.93756.866
Flag of Togo.svg  Togo 75.95276.15270.85473.45871.10868.88765.57162.22959.212
Flag of Trinidad and Tobago.svg  Trinidad and Tobago 42.50242.16445.11657.46064.28667.57571.23175.16478.925
Flag of Tunisia.svg  Tunisia 70.59578.17672.33384.76586.20188.19387.63983.57078.025
Flag of Turkey.svg  Turkey 28.02730.17332.98641.66645.51747.34248.05549.33250.379
Flag of Turkmenistan.svg  Turkmenistan 30.59231.36632.78330.91126.68125.85729.79432.36233.322
Flag of Tuvalu.svg  Tuvalu 34.56425.25819.52416.0027.9024.5533.8783.4773.111
Flag of Uganda.svg  Uganda 33.80035.12238.22946.04850.93354.86557.31457.78555.372
Flag of Ukraine.svg  Ukraine 71.62060.55150.05565.69264.30161.83858.19154.98552.140
Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg  United Arab Emirates 21.62320.90627.27236.92938.19539.55139.64839.34738.802
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 86.24585.72485.352108.026111.522113.437115.265116.388116.970
Flag of the United States.svg  United States 105.746106.890108.679131.177133.640134.496135.171135.991136.888
Flag of Uruguay.svg  Uruguay 60.98663.40165.91169.49669.02569.18569.44169.84169.531
Flag of Uzbekistan.svg  Uzbekistan 20.22620.43329.31636.13140.11540.19740.16639.34438.786
Flag of Vanuatu.svg  Vanuatu 46.36048.08345.34247.68850.86352.88354.07555.63657.143
Flag of Venezuela.svg  Venezuela 26.004180.789232.786n/an/an/an/an/an/a
Flag of Vietnam.svg  Vietnam 46.30943.58043.36546.62347.10447.17946.90746.38145.644
Flag of Yemen.svg  Yemen 77.42674.54476.52781.65179.33078.37571.93265.49960.356
Flag of Zambia.svg  Zambia 65.52377.24391.898119.974119.567116.462112.258107.743102.683
Flag of Zimbabwe.svg  Zimbabwe 52.86637.34310.8062.3582.2262.2022.1482.0601.975

See also

Sources

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The economy of Guyana is one of the fastest growing in the world with a gross domestic product (GDP) growth of 19.9% in 2021. In 2023, Guyana had a per capita gross domestic product of Int$60,648 and an average GDP growth of 4.2% over the previous decade. Guyana's economy was transformed in 2015 with the discovery of an offshore oil field in the country’s waters about 190 km from Georgetown, making the first commercial-grade crude oil draw in December 2019, sending it abroad for refining.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Developed country</span> Country with a developed industry and infrastructure

A developed country, or advanced country, is a sovereign state that has a high quality of life, developed economy, and advanced technological infrastructure relative to other less industrialized nations. Most commonly, the criteria for evaluating the degree of economic development are the gross domestic product (GDP), gross national product (GNP), the per capita income, level of industrialization, amount of widespread infrastructure and general standard of living. Which criteria are to be used and which countries can be classified as being developed are subjects of debate. Different definitions of developed countries are provided by the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank; moreover, HDI ranking is used to reflect the composite index of life expectancy, education, and income per capita. Another commonly used measure of a developed country is the threshold of GDP (PPP) per capita of at least US$22,000. In 2023, 40 countries fit all four criteria, while an additional 15 countries fit three out of four.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eurozone</span> Area in which the euro is the official currency

The euro area, commonly called the eurozone (EZ), is a currency union of 20 member states of the European Union (EU) that have adopted the euro (€) as their primary currency and sole legal tender, and have thus fully implemented EMU policies.

A country's gross external debt is the liabilities that are owed to nonresidents by residents. The debtors can be governments, corporations or citizens. External debt may be denominated in domestic or foreign currency. It includes amounts owed to private commercial banks, foreign governments, or international financial institutions such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Government debt</span> Total amount of debt owed to lenders by a government/state

A country's gross government debt is the financial liabilities of the government sector. Changes in government debt over time reflect primarily borrowing due to past government deficits. A deficit occurs when a government's expenditures exceed revenues. Government debt may be owed to domestic residents, as well as to foreign residents. If owed to foreign residents, that quantity is included in the country's external debt.

Foreign exchange reserves are cash and other reserve assets such as gold and silver held by a central bank or other monetary authority that are primarily available to balance payments of the country, influence the foreign exchange rate of its currency, and to maintain confidence in financial markets. Reserves are held in one or more reserve currencies, nowadays mostly the United States dollar and to a lesser extent the euro.

Structural adjustment programs (SAPs) consist of loans provided by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank (WB) to countries that experience economic crises. Their stated purpose is to adjust the country's economic structure, improve international competitiveness, and restore its balance of payments.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Latin American debt crisis</span> Financial crisis during the 1970s and 1980s

The Latin American debt crisis was a financial crisis that originated in the early 1980s, often known as La Década Perdida, when Latin American countries reached a point where their foreign debt exceeded their earning power, and they could not repay it.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Net international investment position</span> Concept in economics

The net international investment position (NIIP) is the difference in the external financial assets and liabilities of a country. External debt of a country includes government debt and private debt. External assets publicly and privately held by a country's legal residents are also taken into account when calculating NIIP. Commodities and currencies tend to follow a cyclical pattern of significant valuation changes, which is also reflected in NIIP.

Global debt refers to the total amount of money owed by all sectors, including governments, businesses, and households worldwide.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Canadian public debt</span> Debt owed by the government sector in Canada

Canadian public debt, or general government debt, is the liabilities of the government sector. Government gross debt consists of liabilities that are a financial claim that requires payment of interest and/or principal in future. They consist mainly of Treasury bonds, but also include public service employee pension liabilities. Changes in debt arise primarily from new borrowing, due to government expenditures exceeding revenues.

The external debt of India is the debt the country owes to foreign creditors. The debtors can be the Union government, state governments, corporations or citizens of India. The debt includes money owed to private commercial banks, foreign governments, or international financial institutions such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank.

The national debt of Pakistan, or simply Pakistani debt, is the total public debt, or unpaid borrowed funds carried by the Government of Pakistan, which includes measurement as the face value of the currently outstanding treasury bills (T-bills) that have been issued by the federal government.