Neptune's Navy is the name that the Sea Shepherd Conservation Society uses to refer to the ships they operate. [1]
The Sea Shepherd vessels (Neptune’s Navy) are used to disrupt or hinder illegal fishing operations (IUU), whaling or sealing operations. [2]
The Ocean Warrior, later renamed the RV Farley Mowat was purchased in 1996 but seized by the Canadian government in April 2008. [3] Due to the age of the vessel, the Society has decided not to pursue any avenue of reacquiring it. Paul Watson in fact stated that they had intentionally utilised a vessel that had become too old for Sea Shepherd to keep in action further. [4]
In June 2009 Sea Shepherd announced that the trimaran Earthrace, later renamed Ady Gil, would accompany its 2009–10 operations against Japanese whaling in the Southern Ocean Whale Sanctuary. Pete Bethune, the operator of the vessel, said that an agreement was reached with Sea Shepherd for the boat to adopt a support role. [5] On October 17, 2009, the Earthrace was presented to the media with a new black paint job, and renamed Ady Gil, after the name of a major sponsor. On January 6, 2010 the vessel was badly damaged in a collision at sea with the Japanese vessel Shōnan Maru 2 . [6] The Ady Gil sank on January 8 while she was being towed towards the French Dumont d'Urville Station in Antarctica after it filled with water and became too heavy to tow. The financial loss was estimated at $1.5 million. [7]
The Steve Irwin was obtained in 2006 and originally called the Robert Hunter. It was renamed in honor of Australian Steve Irwin ("The Crocodile Hunter"). [8] Terri Irwin, his widow, gave her support to Sea Shepherd, saying, "Whales have always been in Steve's heart and in 2006 he was investigating the possibility of joining the Sea Shepherd on part of its journey to defend these beautiful animals." [9] Sea Shepherd operated the MY Steve Irwin until December 2018. Because of high maintenance cost and the ship's age the vessel was decommissioned and retired from the Sea Shepherd Fleet. It will be stripped for parts with most being transferred to the MY Ocean Warrior. [10]
Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, Sea Shepherd has ended up selling vessels instead of maintaining them. Sea Shepherd acquired the Ocean 7 Adventurer for its 2011 campaign against Japanese whaling in the Antarctic, renaming it MV Gojira. [11] After a legal claim, Sea Shepherd renamed it the MV Gojira and later the MV Brigitte Bardot [12] On December 29, 2011 the vessel was damaged by a 6 m (20 ft) rogue wave whilst pursuing the Japanese whaling fleet during Operation Divine Wind off the western coast of Australia. The main hull was cracked and the port side pontoon needed to be held together by straps. [13] In response to this incident and new tactics employed by the Japanese whaling fleet, Paul Watson has stated that he intends to procure more vessels to prevent themselves being outnumbered and shorthanded in future engagements. The ship was later sold in 2020. [14]
The 1200-tonne Bob Barker, was named after famous television game-show host and animal activist Bob Barker, who made the purchase of the retired Norwegian whaling vessel possible with a donation of US$5 million. [15] This ship and the Irwin were both given new dazzle paint jobs in 2011. They were easy to tell apart since as the Irwin has a 77 painted on its bow while the Bob Barker had a shark's mouth design on its bow. In November of 2022 Sea Shepherd announced that The Bob Barker would be retired and scrapped due to its thinning hull stating in a post, "The thinning hull and the ageing machinery, means that the vessel can no longer be operated safely. Therefore, Sea Shepherd Global has a responsibility to the safety of life at sea, and the marine environment, to retire the vessel permanently." [16]
| Vessel name [17] | Years in use | Flagged | Fate |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sea Shepherd/Sea Shepherd I [18] | 1978–79 | UK | Retired |
| Sea Shepherd II [18] | 1980–92 | UK | Retired |
| Divine Wind [19] | 1987–88 | Panama | Sold |
| Edward Abbey/Sirenian [20] | 1990–2005 | USA/Canada | Donated to Ecuador |
| Cleveland Amory [21] | 1993–94 | Canada | Retired |
| Whales Forever [22] | 1994–96 | St. Vincent | Retired |
| Sea Shepherd III (1997) Ocean Warrior (1996) RV Farley Mowat (2002) [19] | 1997–2008 | Canada (2002), UK (2006), Belize (2006–07), Netherlands (2008) | Seized by the Canadian Department of Fisheries and Oceans |
| Earthrace/MY Ady Gil [23] | 2010 | New Zealand | Partnership Sank after collision |
| Golfo Azzurro [24] | 2012 | Netherlands | Chartered |
| Robert Hunter/MY Steve Irwin [25] (Sea Shepherd Flagship [26] ) | 2006 – 2018 | UK/Netherlands | Retired in late-2018 [27] [28] |
| MY Alchemy [29] | 2018 – 2019 | Marshall Islands | Sold to new owner because of the 2020 coronavirus pandemic |
| Gojira/MV Brigitte Bardot [30] | 2010 – 2021 | Dominica | Retired in June 2021 and sold to private owner [31] |
| MV White Holly | 2018 – 2021 | Dominica | Decommissioned in December 2021 and sold for scrap boats and equipment transferred to the Sharpie. |
| MY Bob Barker [32] | 2009 - 2022 | Netherlands | Decommissioned in November 2022 and sold for scrap with the money raised going into the campaigns of Bob Barker. [16] |
As of 2023 [update] , the conservation society operates many ships worldwide, the M/Y AllanKay, the M/Y Triton, the M/Y Conrad, the MY Age of Union (formerly the MY Sam Simon), the RV Martin Sheen, the MY Jairo Mora Sandoval, the M/Y Emanuel Bronner, M/Y Seahorse, and the M/Y Ocean Warrior. [33] [34] [35]
Because of what happened with the Brigitte Bardot Sea Shepherd has transitioned away from yachts and trimarans for fast patrol boats, cutters, and catamarans to modernize its fleet. Sea Shepherd acquired the 56 m (184 ft) long MY Sam Simon in June 2012, the vessel being named after the co-creator of The Simpsons who made a sizable donation to finance the vessel's purchase. Sam Simon was formerly operated by the Japan Meteorological Agency at the Maizuru Marine Laboratory under the name Seifu Maru. [36]
In January 2015, Sea Shepherd USA purchased two recently decommissioned U.S. Coast Guard patrol vessels. They are considerably faster than the other ships, with a top speed of 30 knots. These two ships are both 110-foot (34 m) Island-class patrol boats and are named MY John Paul DeJoria, (formerly named Jules Verne) and MY Farley Mowat. [37] In December 2017, Sea Shepherd unveiled a third U.S. Coast Guard patrol vessel, the MV Sharpie. This vessel is identical to the Farley Mowat and the John Paul DeJoria.
On January 26, 2015, at the annual Goed Geld Gala (Good Money Gala) in Amsterdam, Sea Shepherd received a donation of €8.3 million ($9.4 million) to purchase a new vessel for Sea Shepherd's submitted dream project "Stop Illegal Fishing in the Southern Ocean". The vessel was built by Dutch ship builder Damen in Turkey, [38] with a final cost of $12 million. [39] This custom-built ship is a Damen Stan patrol vessel 50 m long and 9 m wide. It was christened MY Ocean Warrior and it was launched in September 2016. [40] [41] The Ocean Warrior is the current flagship, it has four engines capable of a maximum speed of 30 knots (56 km/h), so it can outrun any ship in Japan's whaling fleet; it is also equipped with additional long-range fuel tanks. [39] Its maiden voyage was to be part of the 2016-2017 Operation Nemesis in the Southern Ocean.
On September 17, 2020 Sea Shepherd acquired the M/Y Conrad to replace the Bardot and the Alchemy for work in the Mediterranean because of the cost to ship those vessels there because of the pandemic and because of maintenance. [42]
On April 27, 2021, Sea Shepherd announced the purchase of a new ship, the Sea Eagle. The ship was purchased with the assistance of Allianz and will mostly be used for work in the Mediterranean Sea. [43]
On July 8, 2022 Sea Shepherd acquired the Sharkwater from Fins Attached and added it to their fleet. Sea Shepherd plans to outfit the vessel for campaigns in Mexico to save the Vaquita and to stop driftnetting in the Gulf of California and in Galapagos. [44]
| Vessel name | Years in service | Flagged |
|---|---|---|
| MY Age of Union [45] [46] | 2012 – present | Netherlands |
| MY Jairo Mora Sandoval | 2013 – present | UK |
| RV Martin Sheen [47] | 2014 – present | USA |
| MY Farley Mowat (new) | 2015 – present | Dominica |
| Jules Verne/MV John Paul DeJoria | 2015 – present | Dominica |
| MY Ocean Warrior (fleet flagship) [48] | 2016 – present | Netherlands |
| MV Emanuel Bronner | 2017 – present | Germany |
| MV Sharpie [49] [50] | 2017 – present | Dominica |
| M/Y Conrad | 2020 – present | Italy |
| MY Sea Eagle | 2021 – present | Netherlands |
| MV Sharkwater | 2022 - present | USA |
The group has also operated smaller boats in its campaigns including jet skis, Delta RHIB and Zodiac inflatables deployed off of the larger vessels. [51] In 1999 Sea Shepherd briefly obtained a small personal submarine in hopes of using it against tribal whalers. The sub was never fully functional and Sea Shepherd decided to sell it instead for an undisclosed price. [2] [52]
In addition to their maritime assets, Sea Shepherd also operates several types of aircraft from their ships; these have included Sikorsky S-300 and MD 500 helicopters which typically are carried aboard the Steve Irwin, unmanned drones, and a microlight aircraft that was briefly used during their campaign in the Faroe Islands. The aircraft are used to conduct forward reconnaissance to search for targets beyond visual range, as well as to monitor operations once a target is acquired.
The vessels being engaged in controversial activities has caused registration issues with multiple governments, and the ships of the fleet have flown the flags of several different nations. [53] [54] [55] [56] [57]
In August 2006, the Farley Mowat had its registration revoked by Canada. Later that year, Japan requested that the United Kingdom strip the Robert Hunter of its flag and for Belize to strip the Farley Mowat of hers. The Robert Hunter was removed from the shipping registers of the United Kingdom since its activities were "inconsistent with her status as a pleasure vessel." [54] The International Merchant Marine Registry of Belize withdrew the use of the nation's flag after finding the Farley Mowat was not being used as a pleasure craft and stated that "it could not condone acts that threatened life and property at sea." [55] The Mohawk Traditional Council of Kahnawake offered support and flags of the Iroquois Confederacy to fly on the Farley Mowat and the Robert Hunter. [53]
In early 2010, the Bob Barker briefly falsely flew a Norwegian flag with the intent to deceive Japanese whalers. [56]
The Steve Irwin now sails under the Dutch flag, [58] but legislation was introduced to ban the group from using it. [57] The junior transport minister later noted that there was no further intention of deregistering the Steve Irwin. [59] In February 2010, after repeated requests by Japan, a new bill was introduced which would modify the registry law to allow ships to be struck from the registry if their conduct harmed the Netherlands' reputation. [60]
Also in February 2010, Japan announced that Togo had struck the Bob Barker from its registry. [61] The Bob Barker has since been re-registered in the Netherlands. [62]
The Sea Shepherd Conservation Society (SSCS) is a non-profit, marine conservation activism organization based in Friday Harbor on San Juan Island, Washington, in the United States. Sea Shepherd employs direct action tactics to achieve its goals, most famously by deploying its fleet of ships to track, report on and actively impede the work of fishing vessels believed to be engaged in illegal and unregulated activities causing the unsustainable exploitation of marine life.
Paul Franklin Watson is a Canadian-American environmental, conservation and animal rights activist, who founded the Sea Shepherd Conservation Society, an anti-poaching and direct action group focused on marine conservation activism. The tactics used by Sea Shepherd have attracted opposition, with the group accused of eco-terrorism by both the Japanese government and Greenpeace. Watson is a citizen of Canada and the United States.
Japanese whaling, in terms of active hunting of whales, is estimated by the Japan Whaling Association to have begun around the 12th century. However, Japanese whaling on an industrial scale began around the 1890s when Japan started to participate in the modern whaling industry, at that time an industry in which many countries participated. Japan resumed commercial whaling in July 2019, and since then whaling activities have been confined to its territorial waters and exclusive economic zone.
MY Ady Gil was a 78-foot (24 m), wave-piercing trimaran originally created as part of a project to break the world record for circumnavigating the globe in a powerboat. Powered by biodiesel fuel, the vessel was also capable of running on regular diesel fuel. It used other eco-friendly materials such as vegetable oil lubricants, hemp composites, and non-toxic anti-fouling, and had features such as bilge-water filters.
The Nisshin Maru (日新丸) is the primary vessel of the Japanese whaling fleet and is the world's only whaler factory ship. It was the research base ship for the Institute of Cetacean Research for 2002 to 2007. It has a tonnage of 8,145 GT and is the largest member and flagship of the five-ship whaling fleet, headed by leader Shigetoshi Nishiwaki. The ship is based in Japan in Shimonoseki harbor and is owned by Tokyo-based Kyodo Senpaku, which is a subsidiary of the Institute of Cetacean Research.
The MV Steve Irwin was the 59-metre (194 ft) flagship of the Sea Shepherd Conservation Society, and was used in their direct action campaigns against whaling and against illegal fisheries activities. The vessel was built in 1975 and formerly served as a Scottish Fisheries Protection Agency conservation enforcement patrol boat, the FPV Westra, for 28 years.
The Yūshin Maru No. 2 is a Japanese-registered whale catcher that undertakes whaling operations in the North Pacific Ocean and Southern Ocean. Along with other vessels of the Japanese whaling fleet, she has been featured on American television since 2008, in the documentary-style reality series Whale Wars.
MV Brigitte Bardot is a high-tech 35 m (115 ft) stabilized monohull twin diesel engine powered vessel designed by Nigel Irens. Construction of the vessel began in June 1997 and she was launched on 16 March 1998. The official naming ceremony took place on 3 April 1998 in London's West India Dock. In 2021, the vessel was sold to a private owner.
Whale Wars is a weekly American documentary-style reality television series that premiered on November 7, 2008 on the Animal Planet cable channel. The program follows Paul Watson, founder of the Sea Shepherd Conservation Society, as he and the crew aboard their various vessels attempted to stop the killing of whales by Japanese vessels (whalers) off the coast of Antarctica.
The MY Bob Barker was a ship owned and operated by the Sea Shepherd Conservation Society, named after American television game show host and animal rights activist Bob Barker, whose donation of $5 million to the society facilitated the purchase of the ship. She began operating for the group in late 2009 / early 2010 in its campaign against whaling by Japanese fisheries. In October 2010, Sea Shepherd stated that Bob Barker had completed a major refit in Hobart, Tasmania. Hobart became the ship's honorary home port in 2014.
The Shōnan Maru 2 is a Japanese security vessel, operated by the Japanese Fisheries Agency.
The Sea Shepherd Conservation Society engages in various demonstrations, campaigns, and tactical operations at sea and elsewhere, including conventional protests and direct actions to protect marine wildlife. Sea Shepherd operations have included interdiction against commercial fishing, shark poaching and finning, seal hunting and whaling. Many of their activities have been called piracy or terrorism by their targets and by the ICRW. Sea Shepherd says that they have taken more than 4,000 volunteers on operations over a period of 30 years.
Anti-whaling refers to actions taken by those who seek to end whaling in various forms, whether locally or globally in the pursuit of marine conservation. Such activism is often a response to specific conflicts with pro-whaling countries and organizations that practice commercial whaling and/or research whaling, as well as with indigenous groups engaged in subsistence whaling. Some anti-whaling factions have received criticism and legal action for extreme methods including violent direct action. The term anti-whaling may also be used to describe beliefs and activities related to these actions.
Captain Peter James Bethune is a New Zealand ship's captain with 500 ton master licence, published author, producer of The Operatives TV show, and public speaker. He is the founder of Earthrace Conservation. He works assisting countries in Asia, Central America and Africa with fisheries enforcement and anti-poaching. He is the holder of the world record for circumnavigating the globe in his powerboat Earthrace, a wavepiercing trimaran powered with biofuels.
At the Edge of the World is a 2008 documentary which chronicles the efforts of animal rights activist Paul Watson and 45 other volunteers, who set out in two Sea Shepherd ships to hinder the Japanese whaling fleet in the waters around Antarctica. The film won Best Environmental Film at the Vancouver International Film Festival. Director and Producer Dan Stone would later produce the first season of Whale Wars. It depicts what actually went on during this excursion, with clips of beautiful scenery, news clips, whaling in action, and life on the ship.
MY Age of Union is a vessel of the Sea Shepherd Conservation Society fleet, the ship was previously named after American television producer and writer Sam Simon, who donated the money to purchase the vessel. The ship's identity was kept secret, to be revealed when she met the Japanese whaling fleet in 2012, but was identified when her registration was discovered on the Australian Maritime Safety Authority's list of registered ships.
The Kaikō Maru was the spotter ship for the Japanese whaling fleet. In 2007, it collided with the Sea Shepherd Conservation Society vessel MY Robert Hunter and was disabled. It sent out a mayday and the Robert Hunter, Farley Mowat, and the Esperanza were obliged to respond until the Kaiko Maru was repaired.
Eco-Pirate: The Story of Paul Watson is a 2011 documentary film directed by Trish Dolman and produced by Kevin Eastwood. It follows radical conservationist Paul Watson during anti-whaling campaigns in the Antarctic in 2009 and 2010, and recounts his history and controversial methods as an activist and media personality. It premiered May 1, 2011 at the Hot Docs Documentary Film Festival.
Sun Laurel is a South Korean-owned oil tanker built in 2008 and currently operating under the flag of Vanuatu.
