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This is a list of pretenders to the throne of the Duchy of Parma, which was ruled by the House of Bourbon-Parma until 1859, when the ducal family escaped after the Italian national insurrection linked to the Second Italian War of Independence.
Parma is a city in the northern Italian region of Emilia-Romagna known for its architecture, music, art, prosciutto (ham), cheese and surrounding countryside. With a population of 198,292 inhabitants, Parma is the second most populous city in Emilia-Romagna after Bologna, the region's capital. The city is home to the University of Parma, one of the oldest universities in the world. Parma is divided into two parts by the stream of the same name. The district on the west side of the river is Oltretorrente. Parma's Etruscan name was adapted by Romans to describe the round shield called Parma.
Parma Calcio 1913, commonly known as Parma, is an Italian professional football club based in Parma, Emilia-Romagna, which will compete in the Serie A, the top tier of Italian football league system, following promotion from Serie B in the 2023-24 season.
Emilia-Romagna is an administrative region of northern Italy, comprising the historical regions of Emilia and Romagna. Its capital is Bologna. It has an area of 22,446 km2 (8,666 sq mi), and a population of 4.4 million.
Hernán Jorge Crespo is an Argentine professional football coach and former player. He is currently the head coach of UAE Pro League club Al Ain.
The University of Parma is a public university in Parma, Emilia-Romagna, Italy. It is organised in nine departments. As of 2016 the University of Parma has about 26,000 students.
The Duchy of Parma and Piacenza was an Italian state created in 1545 and located in northern Italy, in the current region of Emilia-Romagna.
Prosciutto crudo, in English often shortened to prosciutto, is uncooked, unsmoked, and dry-cured ham. Prosciutto crudo is usually served thinly sliced.
The province of Parma is a province in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy. Its largest town and capital is the city of Parma.
Andrea Giani is an Italian professional volleyball coach and former player who scored numerous successes in the 1990s, including three World Championships with his national team. He was an all-rounder able to play both as an outside hitter and as a middle blocker, but he played several times as an opposite spiker too.
Nevio Scala is an Italian football sporting director, coach and former player.
Stadio Ennio Tardini, commonly referred to as just Il Tardini, is a football stadium in Parma, Italy, located near the centre of Parma, between the town centre and the city walls. It is the home of Parma Calcio 1913. The stadium was built in 1923 and was named after one of Parma's former presidents, Ennio Tardini. The stadium is the nineteenth largest football stadium in Italy and the second largest in Emilia–Romagna with a capacity of 22,352 spectators. The stadium is the sixth oldest Italian football ground still in use.
The 1995 UEFA Cup Final was played over two legs between two Italian teams Juventus and Parma. The first leg at Parma's Stadio Ennio Tardini ended in a 1–0 victory for the home team. The second leg at the San Siro in Milan finished in a 1–1 draw, and a win on aggregate for Parma. It was their first UEFA Cup final victory, with Juventus having won three in the past.
The House of Bourbon-Parma is a cadet branch of the Spanish royal family, whose members once ruled as King of Etruria and as Duke of Parma and Piacenza, Guastalla, and Lucca. The House descended from the French Capetian dynasty in male line. Its name of Bourbon-Parma comes from the main name (Bourbon) and the other (Parma) from the title of Duke of Parma. The title was held by the Spanish Bourbons, as the founder Philip, Duke of Parma was the great-grandson of Ranuccio II Farnese, Duke of Parma. The House of Bourbon-Parma is today the Sovereign House of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg (agnatically) and all members of the Grand Ducal Family of Luxembourg are members of the House of Bourbon-Parma with the title of "Princes/Princesses" and the predicate of Royal Highness.
Alessandro "Sandro" Melli is an Italian former footballer who played as a striker. He won five team honours in his professional career.
The 2011–12 Serie A was the 110th season of top-tier Italian football, the 80th in a round-robin tournament, and the second since its organization under a league committee separate from Serie B. It began on 3 September 2011 and ended on 13 May 2012. The league was originally scheduled to start on 27 August, but this was delayed due to a strike by the players. The fixtures were drawn up on 27 July 2011.
Stadio Sergio Lanfranchi, previously known as Stadio XXV Aprile, is a sports stadium dedicated to rugby union, located in the city of Parma in the Emilia-Romagna region of northern Italy. It replaced the original Stadio Sergio Lanfranchi which was demolished in July 2008.
The 2014–15 Serie A was the 113th season of top-tier Italian football, the 83rd in a round-robin tournament, and the fifth since its organization under a league committee separate from Serie B. It began on 30 August 2014.
The 1995 Coppa Italia Final decided the winner of the 1994–95 Coppa Italia. It was held on 7 and 11 June 1995 between Juventus and Parma. The first leg at the Stadio delle Alpi in Turin was the smallest difference won by Juventus after a goal by Sergio Porrini. The second leg was played at the Stadio Ennio Tardini in Parma won again by Juventus from another Porrini goal followed by his teammate Fabrizio Ravanelli for a 3–0 aggregate win.
The Emilia-Romagna Open is a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It is currently a WTA 125 event on the WTA Tour for women and part of the ATP Challenger Tour for men. It is held annually in Montechiarugolo, Parma, Italy since 2021 and 2019.
