Scyphocephalium

Scyphocephalium
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Magnoliids
Order:	Magnoliales
Family:	Myristicaceae
Genus:	Scyphocephalium; Warb.

Last updated July 21, 2019

Scyphocephalium is a genus of plants in family Myristicaceae native to west Africa, containing two species.^[1] One species contains chemicals with significant in vitro antibacterial activity.^[2]

Plants are mainly multicellular, predominantly photosynthetic eukaryotes of the kingdom Plantae. Historically, plants were treated as one of two kingdoms including all living things that were not animals, and all algae and fungi were treated as plants. However, all current definitions of Plantae exclude the fungi and some algae, as well as the prokaryotes. By one definition, plants form the clade Viridiplantae, a group that includes the flowering plants, conifers and other gymnosperms, ferns and their allies, hornworts, liverworts, mosses and the green algae, but excludes the red and brown algae.

The Myristicaceae are a family of flowering plants native to Africa, Asia, Pacific islands, and the Americas and has been recognized by most taxonomists. It is sometimes called the "nutmeg family", after its most famous member, Myristica fragrans, the source of the spices nutmeg and mace. The best known genera are Myristica in Asia and Virola in the Neotropics.

In vitro studies are performed with microorganisms, cells, or biological molecules outside their normal biological context. Colloquially called "test-tube experiments", these studies in biology and its subdisciplines are traditionally done in labware such as test tubes, flasks, Petri dishes, and microtiter plates. Studies conducted using components of an organism that have been isolated from their usual biological surroundings permit a more detailed or more convenient analysis than can be done with whole organisms; however, results obtained from in vitro experiments may not fully or accurately predict the effects on a whole organism. In contrast to in vitro experiments, in vivo studies are those conducted in living organisms, including humans, and whole plants.

Species

Scyphocephalium mannii (Benth. & Hook.f.) Warb. - Cameroon to Gabon

Cameroon, officially the Republic of Cameroon, is a country in Central Africa. It is bordered by Nigeria to the west and north; Chad to the northeast; the Central African Republic to the east; and Equatorial Guinea, Gabon and the Republic of the Congo to the south. Cameroon's coastline lies on the Bight of Biafra, part of the Gulf of Guinea and the Atlantic Ocean. Although Cameroon is not an ECOWAS member state, it is geographically and historically in West Africa with the Southern Cameroons which now form her Northwest and Southwest Regions having a strong West African history. The country is sometimes identified as West African and other times as Central African due to its strategic position at the crossroads between West and Central Africa.

Gabon, officially the Gabonese Republic, is a country on the west coast of Central Africa. Located on the equator, Gabon is bordered by Equatorial Guinea to the northwest, Cameroon to the north, the Republic of the Congo on the east and south, and the Gulf of Guinea to the west. It has an area of nearly 270,000 square kilometres (100,000 sq mi) and its population is estimated at 2 million people. Its capital and largest city is Libreville.

Scyphocephalium ochocoa Warb. - Equatorial Guinea and Gabon

Equatorial Guinea, officially the Republic of Equatorial Guinea, is a country located on the west coast of Central Africa, with an area of 28,000 square kilometres (11,000 sq mi). Formerly the colony of Spanish Guinea, its post-independence name evokes its location near both the Equator and the Gulf of Guinea. Equatorial Guinea is the only sovereign African state in which Spanish is the official language. As of 2015, the country had an estimated population of 1,222,245.

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Mareyopsis oligogynaBreteler - Gabon

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Aubletiana is a plant genus of the family Euphorbiaceae, first described as a genus in 2000. It is native to tropical Africa.

Aubletiana leptostachys(Breteler) J.Murillo - Cameroon, Gabon
Aubletiana macrostachys(Breteler) J.Murillo - Gabon

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References

↑ Tropicos, botanical information system at the Missouri Botanical Garden - http://www.tropicos.org/NameSearch.aspx?name=scyphocephalium
↑ Hu, J.-F.; Garo, E.; Yoo, H.-D.; Cremin, P.A.; Goering, M.G.; O'Neil-Johnson, M.; Eldridge, G.R. (2005). "Cyclolignans from Scyphocephalium ochocoa via high-throughput natural product chemistry methods". Phytochemistry. 66 (9): 1077–1082. doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2005.03.014. PMID 15896378.

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[1] Tropicos, botanical information system at the Missouri Botanical Garden - http://www.tropicos.org/NameSearch.aspx?name=scyphocephalium

[2] Hu, J.-F.; Garo, E.; Yoo, H.-D.; Cremin, P.A.; Goering, M.G.; O'Neil-Johnson, M.; Eldridge, G.R. (2005). "Cyclolignans from Scyphocephalium ochocoa via high-throughput natural product chemistry methods". Phytochemistry. 66 (9): 1077–1082. doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2005.03.014. PMID 15896378.