Summer melt

Last updated

Summer melt is the phenomenon of prospective college students' motivation to attend college "melting" away during the summer between the end of high school and beginning of college. [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] This phenomenon is especially prevalent in low-income minority communities, where students who qualify for college and in some cases even register for classes ultimately end up not attending college because they lack resources, support, guidance, and encouragement. [6] [7] [8] Support programs by colleges, such as introducing peer mentoring programming, and using nudge methods like messaging students via text message, have been found to reduce summer melt. [9] [10] [11]

College higher education institution

A college is an educational institution or a constituent part of one. A college may be a degree-awarding tertiary educational institution, a part of a collegiate or federal university, an institution offering vocational education, or a secondary school.

Motivation is the experience of desire or aversion…You want something, or want to avoid or escape something. As such, motivation has both an objective side – a goal or thing you aspire to – and an internal or subjective aspect: it is you that wants the thing. At minimum, motivation requires the biological substrate for physical sensations of pleasure and pain. Animals can thus want or disdain specific objects based on sense perception and experience. But motivation does not stop there. The capacity to form concepts and to reason allows humans can go beyond this minimum state, with a much greater possible range of desires and aversions. This much greater range is supported by the ability to choose one's own goals and values, combined with time horizons for value achievement that can encompass years, decades or longer, and the ability to re-experience past events. Some models treat as important the distinction between extrinsic and intrinsic motivation, and motivation is an important topic in work, organizational psychology, administrative organization, and management as well as education. The definition of motivation as experienced desires and aversions highlights the association of motivation with emotion. Emotions are automatic appraisals based on subconsciously stored values and beliefs about the object. To the extent that distinct emotions relate to specific subconscious appraisals, motivation theory involves specifying content theories – values that people find motivating – along with mechanisms by which they might attain these values. Changing motivation – either one's own or that of others is another focus of motivation research, for instance altering how you choose to act on your emotions, or re-programming them by modifying one's beliefs and values.

In sociology, a minority group refers to a category of people who experience relative disadvantage as compared to members of a dominant social group. Minority group membership is typically based on differences in observable characteristics or practices, such as: ethnicity, race, religion, sexual orientation, or disability. Utilizing the framework of intersectionality, it is important to recognize that an individual may simultaneously hold membership in multiple minority groups. Likewise, individuals may also be part of a minority group in regard to some characteristics, but part of a dominant group in regard to others.

Related Research Articles

General Educational Development North American high school equivalence test

The General Educational Development (GED) tests are a group of four subject tests which, when passed, provide certification that the test taker has United States or Canadian high school-level academic skills. It is an alternative to the US High school diploma, HiSET and TASC test. The GED Testing website currently does not refer to the test as anything but "GED".

Landmark College

Landmark College is a private college exclusively for those with diagnosed learning disabilities, attention disorders or autism. Located in Putney, Vermont, Landmark offers two and four-year programs in the liberal arts and sciences. Landmark College is accredited by the New England Association of Schools and Colleges (NEASC) and provides to students a progressive and comprehensive overall college experience. Established in 1985, Landmark College was the first institution of higher learning to pioneer college-level studies for students with dyslexia. Landmark College offers degrees at the associate and bachelor’s levels, as well as summer programs and an online/hybrid graduate certificate in universal design and assistive technology for educators and professionals. The college is expensive; fees for the 2015–2016 year were $51,330. In 2015, it topped C.N.N. Money's list of most expensive colleges. It was also the most expensive four-year, private non-profit by list price according to the Department of Education's rankings for the 2012–2013 year; fees including room and board were reported to be $59,930 in 2013 and $61,910 in 2015. Scholarships of up to $30,000 are available.

Elementary and Secondary Education Act United States Law, part of Johnsons War on Poverty

The Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) was passed by the 89th United States Congress and signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson on April 11, 1965. Part of Johnson's "War on Poverty," the act has been the most far-reaching federal legislation affecting education ever passed by the United States Congress.

Richardson Independent School District

Richardson Independent School District (RISD) is a school district based in Richardson, Texas (USA).

The Knowledge is Power Program, commonly known as KIPP, is a nationwide network of free open-enrollment college-preparatory schools in low income communities throughout the United States. KIPP is America's largest network of public charter schools. The head offices are in San Francisco, Chicago, New York City, and Washington, D.C..

Kurt Schmoke President of the University of Baltimore (UB), succeeding Robert Bogomolny

Kurt Lidell Schmoke is an American politician and lawyer who served as the 46th mayor of Baltimore, Maryland, the first African American to be elected mayor. He is the current president of the University of Baltimore (UB), and former Dean of the Howard University School of Law.

College admissions in the United States refers to the process of applying for entrance to institutions of higher education for undergraduate study at one of the nation's colleges or universities. For people intending to go immediately into college after high school, the college search usually begins in the eleventh grade of high school with most activity taking place during the twelfth grade, although students at top high schools often begin the process during their tenth grade or earlier. In addition, there are considerable numbers of students who transfer from one college to another, as well as adults older than high school age who apply to college. In 2019, more than 50 people were charged regarding an admissions cheating scheme.

Laredo Independent School District

Laredo Independent School District is a public school district based in Laredo in Webb County, Texas, United States. The district serves the south central portion of Laredo. In 2009, LISD was rated "academically acceptable" by the Texas Education Agency.

Caroline Minter Hoxby is an American economist whose research focuses on issues in education and public economics. She is currently the Scott and Donya Bommer Professor in Economics at Stanford University and program director of the Economics of Education Program for the National Bureau of Economic Research. Hoxby is a John and Lydia Pearce Mitchell University Fellow in Undergraduate Education. She is also a senior fellow at the Hoover Institution and the Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research.

The Early College High School Initiative in the United States allows students to receive a high school diploma and an associate degree, or up to two years of college credit, by taking a mixture of high school and college classes. This differs from dual enrollment, where students are enrolled in a traditional high school and take college classes, whereas early college students take high school classes in preparation for full college workloads. At early colleges, students also have fewer high school classes because some of their college classes replace their high school classes. Early colleges differ from closely related middle colleges. ECHS students spend their school day at college, and go to their home school occasionally for events such as football games, homecoming, and prom.

Remedial education is assigned to assist students in order to achieve expected competencies in core academic skills such as literacy and numeracy.

The Heckscher Foundation for Children

The Heckscher Foundation for Children is a New York City-focused private foundation that provides grants to underserved New York City youth. Often, the foundation's grant-giving takes the form of program support, capacity-building, capital projects and general operating support.

The higher education bubble in the United States is a claim that excessive investment in higher education could have negative repercussions in the broader economy. According to the claim, generally associated with fiscal conservatives, although college tuition payments are rising, the supply of college graduates in many fields of study is exceeding the demand for their skills, which aggravates graduate unemployment and underemployment, which increases the burden of student loan defaults on financial institutions and taxpayers. Also, some claim that employers have responded to the oversupply of graduates by raising the academic requirements of many occupations higher than is really necessary to perform the work. The claim has generally been used to justify cuts to public higher education spending, tax cuts, or a shift of government spending towards the criminal justice system and the Department of Defense.

College Success Foundation is an educational nonprofit headquartered in Bellevue, Washington, serving school districts in Washington state and the District of Columbia.

Brittany Pettersen is a member of the Colorado State Senate, representing District 22 in Jefferson County. Previously, she served in the Colorado House of Representatives, representing the 28th district. She is a member of the Democratic Party.

Winton Community Academy is a mixed secondary school located in Andover in the English county of Hampshire. It is not related to similarly named Winton Academy in Bournemouth. The school is run by Nathan Thomas, with his PA Jackie Lusk also acting in the capacity of HR Manager. This combination causes upset amongst staff as complaints are not listened to, and indeed swept away. This is seen in the high turnover of staff, in the academic year 2018–19 this formed 25% of its whole staff body.

High Tech Los Angeles Charter school in USA

High Tech Los Angeles, or HTLA is an American charter high school located in Lake Balboa, CA, in the San Fernando Valley. It is located on the site of Birmingham High School, along with Daniel Pearl High School, but it has its own separate buildings.

Undermatching

Undermatching is a phenomenon in American higher education in which well-qualified school-leavers, often from less affluent households, are not matched with competitive colleges. Undermatched students attend less-demanding colleges such as two-year colleges or don't attend college at all.

First-generation college students in the United States are college students whose parents did not attend college. Compared with their continuing-generation college student counterparts, first-generation college students tend to be older, come from families with lower incomes, attend college part-time, live off campus, and have more work responsibilities. They represent attendees of a diverse range of types of institutions. Whether by race, culture, or social class, first-generation college students often experience some kind of mismatch between their home environment and the college environment. Throughout the history of the United States, institutions of higher education have symbolized opportunity for social mobility of individuals. In the case of African Americans in the post-Reconstruction era, higher education was seen by some as a means of generating leadership to bring entire oppressed classes to recognition. These students' likelihood to attend college in the first place is highly influenced by their parents' education level; when a parent's education level is higher, the student is likely to enroll in postsecondary education increases as well.

The Jack Kent Cooke Foundation is a private, independent foundation dedicated to advancing the education of exceptionally promising students who have financial need. It offers the largest scholarships in the U.S., comprehensive counseling and other support services to students from 8th grade to graduate school. Since 2000 it has awarded over $175 million in scholarships to nearly 2,300 students and more than $97 million in grants to organizations that serve outstanding low-income students.

References

  1. ↑ Ceja, Alejandra (July 2013). "Summer Melt". Homeroom. United States Department of Education. Archived from the original on January 20, 2015. Retrieved January 19, 2015.
  2. ↑ LARRY GORDON, October 19, 2014, Los Angeles Times Advisors work to freeze 'summer melt,' get students to college, Retrieved January 19, 2015
  3. ↑ Stacy Teicher Khadaroo, AUGUST 8, 2014, Christian Science Monitor, Stopping 'summer melt' – and getting more kids to college this fall, Retrieved January 19, 2015
  4. ↑ Peg Tyre, August 29, 2013, Washington Post, Why some students are no-shows on the first day of college, Retrieved January 19, 2015
  5. ↑ Annie Murphy Paul, May 24, 2013, Time Magazine, The Key to College Success: Summer -- Incoming freshmen can flounder in the months before becoming a college student, Retrieved January 19, 2015
  6. ↑ Jennifer Andaluz, San Jose Mercury News, August 14, 2014, Summer melt: Low income kids accepted to college need help to actually get there, Retrieved January 19, 2015
  7. ↑ Vedantam, Shankar (July 16, 2013). "Why Poor Students' College Plans 'Melt' Over The Summer". NPR (Interview). Interviewed by Greene, David. Retrieved January 19, 2015.
  8. ↑ Castleman, B. L., & Page, L. C. (2013). Can Text Messages Mitigate Summer Melt?. New England Journal of Higher Education, 2.
  9. ↑ Castleman, B. L., Page, L. C., & Schooley, K. (2014). The Forgotten Summer: Does the Offer of College Counseling after High School Mitigate Summer Melt among College-Intending, Low-Income High School Graduates?. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 33(2), 320-344.
  10. ↑ Castleman, B. L., Owen, L., & Page, L. C. (2016). Reprint of “Stay late or start early? Experimental evidence on the benefits of college matriculation support from high schools versus colleges”. Economics Of Education Review, 51113-124.
  11. ↑ https://www.wsj.com/articles/college-admissions-officers-wont-just-chill-about-summer-melt-1502468367
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.