The Clover Il Trifoglio | |
|---|---|
| Founded | 27 October 1999 |
| Dissolved | 8 February 2000 |
| Political position | Centre |
The Clover (Italian : Il Trifoglio) was a centrist coalition of Italian political parties.
Italian is a Romance language of the Indo-European language family. Italian descended from the Vulgar Latin of the Roman Empire and, together with Sardinian, is by most measures the closest language to it of the Romance languages. Italian is an official language in Italy, Switzerland, San Marino and Vatican City. It has an official minority status in western Istria. It formerly had official status in Albania, Malta, Monaco, Montenegro (Kotor) and Greece, and is generally understood in Corsica and Savoie. It also used to be an official language in the former Italian East Africa and Italian North Africa, where it still plays a significant role in various sectors. Italian is also spoken by large expatriate communities in the Americas and Australia. Italian is included under the languages covered by the European Charter for Regional or Minority languages in Bosnia and Herzegovina and in Romania, although Italian is neither a co-official nor a protected language in these countries. Many speakers of Italian are native bilinguals of both Italian and other regional languages.
In politics, centrism—the centre or the center —is a political outlook or specific position that involves acceptance or support of a balance of a degree of social equality and a degree of social hierarchy, while opposing political changes which would result in a significant shift of society strongly to either the left or the right.
It was launched on 27 October 1999 and led by Francesco Cossiga, who supported the D'Alema I Cabinet since its formation via his Democratic Union for the Republic (UDR). The idea of The Clover was to unify those political forces within the majority which felt marginalised. The coalition was composed of three parties: [1]
Francesco Cossiga was an Italian politician. A member of the Christian Democratic Party of Italy, he served as the 42nd Prime Minister of Italy from 1979 to 1980 and the eighth President of Italy from 1985 to 1992. Cossiga is widely considered one of the most prominent and influential politicians of the so-called First Republic. He has been often described as a strongman and accused of being an "iron minister", who brutally repressed the public protests.
The D'Alema I Cabinet was the cabinet of the government of Italy from 21 October 1998 to 22 December 1999.
The Democratic Union for the Republic was a short-lived Christian-democratic and centrist political party in Italy.
- the Italian Democratic Socialists (SDI, social-democratic, leader: Enrico Boselli)
- the Union for the Republic (UpR, Christian-democratic and liberal, leader: Francesco Cossiga)
- the Italian Republican Party (PRI, liberal, leader: Giorgio La Malfa)
The Italian Democratic Socialists were a social-democratic political party in Italy. The party was the direct continuation of the Italian Socialists, the legal successor of the historical Italian Socialist Party. Also the Italian Democratic Socialist Party, the other long-time Italian social-democratic party, was merged into it.
Social democracy is a political, social and economic philosophy that supports economic and social interventions to promote social justice within the framework of a liberal democratic polity and a capitalist mixed economy. The protocols and norms used to accomplish this involve a commitment to representative and participatory democracy, measures for income redistribution, regulation of the economy in the general interest and social welfare provisions. In this way, social democracy aims to create the conditions for capitalism to lead to greater democratic, egalitarian and solidaristic outcomes. Due to longstanding governance by social democratic parties during the post-war consensus and their influence on socioeconomic policy in the Nordic countries, social democracy has become associated with the Nordic model and Keynesianism within political circles in the late 20th century.
Enrico Boselli is an Italian politician. He has been Vice President of Alliance for Italy, and is the former leader of the Italian Democratic Socialists and the modern-day Italian Socialist Party, and former President of Emilia-Romagna.
The coalition was responsible of bringing down the D'Alema I Cabinet (Massimo D'Alema resigned on 18 December) [2] and decided not to enter into the D'Alema II Cabinet. At that point The Clover had 18 deputies, eight senators and two ministers: Carlo Scognamiglio Pasini (UpR, Defence) and Angelo Piazza (SDI, Public Administration).
Massimo D'Alema is an Italian politician who was the 53rd Prime Minister from 1998 to 2000. Later he was Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2006 to 2008. He is also a journalist and served for a time as national secretary of the Democratic Party of the Left (PDS). Sometimes media refers to him as Leader Maximo, due to his first name Massimo, but also for his dominant position in the left-wing coalitions during the Second Republic. Earlier in his career he was a member of the Italian Communist Party, and he was the first former communist to become prime minister of a NATO country and yet the only former communist prime minister of Italy.
The D'Alema II Cabinet was the cabinet of the government of Italy from 22 December 1999 to 26 April 2000.
On 8 February 2000, after Cossiga had hinted at the possibility of making an alliance with the centre-right Pole of Freedoms, SDI left the coalition, while some of its members, including Claudio Martelli and Bobo Craxi, formed the Socialist League, which replaced SDI as third component of The Clover. [3]
The Pole of Freedoms was a centre-right political and electoral alliance in Italy, launched at the 1994 general election by Silvio Berlusconi. Its counterpart in central and southern Italy was the Pole of Good Government.
Claudio Martelli is an Italian politician. He was the right-hand man of Bettino Craxi, the socialist Prime Minister from 1983–1987.
Vittorio Michele Craxi, commonly known as Bobo Craxi, is an Italian politician, son of the former Italian Prime Minister Bettino Craxi and brother of Stefania Craxi.
Since then, the coalition was loosened and each party started to take autonomous decisions, but by the 2001 general election all the three groups had joined the centre-right House of Freedoms coalition led by Silvio Berlusconi in different ways: the Socialist League took part to the foundation of the New Italian Socialist Party, PRI signed an electoral pact with Forza Italia and UpR merged into that party.
A national general election was held in Italy on 13 May 2001 to elect members of the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate of the Republic. The 14th Parliament of the Italian republic was chosen.
The House of Freedoms, was a major centre-right political and electoral alliance in Italy, led by Silvio Berlusconi.
Silvio Berlusconi is an Italian media tycoon and politician who has served as Prime Minister of Italy in four governments. He serves as a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) since July 2019.
