Flounders are a group of flatfish species. They are demersal fish, found at the bottom of oceans around the world; some species will also enter estuaries.
Citharichthys is a genus of flatfish in the large-tooth flounder family, Paralichthyidae. They have both eyes on the left sides of their heads. They are native to the oceans around the Americas, with a single species, C. stampflii off the West African coast. Most are found in relatively shallow depths, but the genus also includes species found in deep water and species that enter fresh water.
Pleuronectidae, also known as righteye flounders, are a family of flounders. They are called "righteye flounders" because most species lie on the sea bottom on their left sides, with both eyes on their right sides. The Paralichthyidae are the opposite, with their eyes on the left side. A small number of species in Pleuronectidae can also have their eyes on the left side, notably the members of the genus Platichthys.
Lefteye flounders are a family, Bothidae, of flounders. They are called "lefteye flounders" because most species lie on the sea bottom on their right sides, with both eyes on their left sides. A helpful reminder when trying to recall the family name for this fish is that "Bothidae eyes are on the same side o' dey head." The family is also distinguished by the presence of spines on the snout and near the eyes.
Rhombosolea is a genus of righteye flounders. The four species in this genus can be found in the waters around New Zealand and southern Australia.
Limanda is a genus of righteye flounders native to the northern Atlantic and Pacific oceans.
Atheresthes is a genus of righteye flounders native to the north Pacific Ocean where both species are important commercially.
Glyptocephalus is a genus of righteye flounders found in the North Atlantic and North Pacific Oceans
Lepidopsetta is a genus of righteye flounders native to the North Pacific Ocean.
Platichthys is a genus of flatfish native to the North Pacific and North Atlantic oceans. Despite being in the family Pleuronectidae, both species in the genus Platichthys are often "lefteyed", i.e. they lie on the sea bottom on their right side, with both eyes on the left side.
Pseudopleuronectes is a genus of righteye flounders mostly native to the northwestern Pacific Ocean with one species (P. americanus) found in the northwestern Atlantic Ocean.
The Citharidae or largescale flounders are a small family of flounders with four genera. Three genera are restricted to the Indo-Pacific, while Citharus is from the Mediterranean and East Atlantic. There are a total of seven species. Species reach lengths ranging between 14 and 36 centimetres.
Bothus is a genus of flatfish in the family Bothidae from the Pacific, Indian and Atlantic Oceans. Some species in this genus have spots consisting of blue rings.
Citharichthys amblybregmatus is a species of flatfish in the large-tooth flounder family Paralichthyidae. It is native to the western north Atlantic Ocean. It has been collected at a depth of 198 m (650 ft).
The scaldfishes comprise a genus, Arnoglossus, of lefteye flounders. They are found in the Pacific, Indian and Atlantic Oceans, including the Mediterranean and Black Sea. They are entirely absent from most of the Americas; the only exceptions are A. coeruleosticta and A. multirastris found off Chile. The genus include both species found in shallow and deeper water. The largest species reaches 28 cm (11 in).
Monolene is a genus of small, mainly deepwater lefteye flounders from the Atlantic and East Pacific.
Ancylopsetta is a genus of large-tooth flounders mostly found along the Atlantic coast of the Americas with one species found along the Pacific coast.
Pseudorhombus is a genus of large-tooth flounders. With the exception of P. binii found off Peru, species in this genus are native to the Indo-Pacific. The largest species reaches 40 cm (16 in) in length.
Syacium is a genus of large-tooth flounders found in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. With the exception of S. guineensis from the Atlantic coast of Africa, all species are from the Americas. The largest species in the genus reaches 40 cm (16 in) in length.
Citharichthys cornutus, the horned whiff, is a species of flatfish in the large-tooth flounder family Paralichthyidae. This bathydemersal marine fish inhabits the continental shelves of the western Atlantic Ocean, in both tropical and subtropical waters. It ranges from New Jersey in the north to Uruguay in the south, though larvae samples have also been collected off the coast of Canada. It occurs at depths between 30 and 400 metres, though it is usually found in deeper waters.
