 | This article includes a list of references, related reading or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations .(September 2013) |
Women in German history (Frauen der deutschen Geschichte) is a definitive stamp series issued in the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) and West Berlin from 1986 to 1990, and in reunited Germany 1990 to 2003. The series was replaced by the current definitive series Blumen (flowers) from 3 January 2005.
The stamps were designed by Gerd and Oliver Aretz.
Each stamp represents a portrait of a famous German woman. Two are Austrian: Lise Meitner and Bertha von Suttner. The color of the portrait is different from the color of the country name and denomination.
The name of the country on the stamps changed according to German history :
The currency of the denomination changed too with the introduction of the euro:
Even if it was a definitive stamp series, because of the Reunification of Germany some issues for Westberlin were used only a short time and stamps with postmarks from real post services (not the collectors postmarks like most of Berlin 12) are rare.
| Denomination in Pfennig | Woman | Michel catalog 2nd line for West Berlin | Date of issue | Known as |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5 | Emma Ihrer | 1405 833 | 9 February 1989 | trade unionist |
| 10 | Paula Modersohn-Becker | 1359 806 | 14 April 1988 | painter |
| 20 | Cilly Aussem | 1365 811 | 5 May 1988 | tennis player |
| 40 | Maria Sibylla Merian | 1331 788 | 17 September 1987 | painter |
| 50 | Christine Teusch | 1304 770 | 13 November 1986 | politician |
| 60 | Dorothea Erxleben | 1332 824 | 17 September 1987 Berlin: 10 November 1988 | first woman doctor in Germany |
| 80 | Clara Schumann | 1305 771 | 13 November 1986 | pianist and composer |
| 100 | Therese Giehse | 1390 825 | 10 November 1988 | actress |
| 120 | Elisabeth Selbert | 1338 – | 6 November 1987 | influential on West German constitution |
| 130 | Lise Meitner | 1366 812 | 5 May 1988 | physicist |
| 140 | Cécile Vogt | 1432 848 | 10 August 1989 | neuropathologist |
| 170 | Hannah Arendt | 1391 826 | 10 November 1988 | philosopher, author |
| 180 | Lotte Lehmann | 1427 844 | 13 July 1989 | singer |
| 240 | Mathilde Franziska Anneke | 1392 827 | 10 November 1988 | feminist writer |
| 250 | Luise von Preußen | 1428 845 | 13 July 1989 | queen of Prussia |
| 300 | Fanny Hensel geb. Mendelssohn | 1433 849 | 10 August 1989 | composer |
| 350 | Hedwig Dransfeld | 1393 828 | 10 November 1988 | politician |
| 500 | Alice Salomon | 1397 830 | 12 January 1989 | feminist activist |
| Denomination in Pfennig | Woman | Michel catalog | Date of issue | Known as |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 30 | Käthe Kollwitz | 1488 | 8 January 1991 | artist |
| 70 | Elisabet Boehm | 1489 | 8 January 1991 | feminist organizer |
| 80 | Rahel Varnhagen von Ense | 1755 | 13 October 1994 | author |
| 100 | Luise Henriette von Oranien | 1756 | 13 October 1994 | princess of Brandenburg |
| 150 | Sophie Scholl | 1497 | 14 February 1991 | resistance activist |
| 200 | Bertha von Suttner | 1498 | 14 February 1991 | pacifist and writer |
| 400 | Charlotte von Stein | 1582 | 9 January 1992 | literary |
| 450 | Hedwig Courths-Mahler | 1614 | 11 June 1992 | writer |
| Country name: Deutschland | ||||
| 100 | Elisabeth Schwarzhaupt | 1955 | 16 October 1997 | government minister |
| 110 | Marlene Dietrich | 1939 | 14 August 1997 | actress |
| 220 | Marie Elisabeth Lüders | 1940 | 28 August 1997 | member of parliament |
| 300 | Maria Probst | 1956 | 16 October 1997 | politician |
| 440 | Gret Palucca | 2014 | 8 October 1998 | ballerina |
| Denomination in Pfennig and euro | Woman | Michel catalog | Date of issue | Known as |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Denomination in Pfennig and euro | ||||
| 100 / 0,51 € | Grethe Weiser | 2149 | 9 November 2000 | actress |
| 110 / 0,56 € | Käte Strobel | 2150 | 9 November 2000 | government minister |
| 220 / 1,12 € | Marieluise Fleißer | 2158 | 11 January 2001 | writer |
| 300 / 1,53 € | Nelly Sachs | 2159 | 11 January 2001 | Nobel Prize–winning author |
| Denomination in euro only | ||||
| 0,45 € | Annette von Droste-Hülshoff | 2295 | 27 December 2002 | poet |
| 0,55 € | Hildegard Knef | 2296 | 27 December 2002 | actress, singer, and writer |
| 1,00 € | Marie Juchacz | 2305 | 16 January 2003 | political activist |
| 1,44 € | Esther von Kirchbach | 2297 | 27 December 2002 | writer |
The Deutsche Mark, abbreviated "DM" or "D-Mark", was the official currency of West Germany from 1948 until 1990 and later the unified Germany from 1990 until the adoption of the euro in 2002. In English, it was typically called the "Deutschmark". One Deutsche Mark was divided into 100 pfennigs.
The East German mark, commonly called the eastern mark in West Germany and after the reunification), in East Germany only Mark, was the currency of the German Democratic Republic. Its ISO 4217 currency code was DDM. The currency was known officially as the Deutsche Mark from 1948 to 1964, Mark der Deutschen Notenbank from 1964 to 1967, and from 1968 to 1990 as the Mark der DDR. The Mark (M) was divided into 100 Pfennig (pf).
The pfennig or penny is a former German coin or note, which was the official currency from the 9th century until the introduction of the euro in 2002. While a valuable coin during the Middle Ages, it lost its value through the years and was the minor coin of the Mark currencies in the German Reich, West and East Germany, and the reunified Germany until the introduction of the euro. Pfennig was also the name of the subunit of the Danzig mark (1922–1923) and the Danzig gulden (1923–1939) in the Free City of Danzig.
This is a survey of the postage stamps and postal history of the German territory of the Saar. As a border region contested between France and Germany, the Saar has a somewhat complicated philatelic history.
Groschen a name for various coins, especially a silver coin used in various states of the Holy Roman Empire and other parts of Europe. The word is borrowed from the late Latin description of a tornose, a grossus denarius Turnosus, in English the "thick denarius of Tours". Groschen was frequently abbreviated in old documents to gl, whereby the second letter was not an l, but an abbreviation symbol; later it was written as Gr or g.
This is a survey of the postage stamps and postal history of Hong Kong.
The German Historical Museum, known by the acronym DHM, is a museum in Berlin, Germany devoted to German history. It describes itself as a place of "enlightenment and understanding of the shared history of Germans and Europeans". It is often viewed as one of the most important museums in Berlin and is one of the most frequented. The museum is located in the Zeughaus (armoury) on the Unter den Linden as well as in the adjacent Exhibition Hall designed by I. M. Pei.
Country definitives, formerly known as regional postage stamps of Great Britain are the postage stamps issued for regions of the United Kingdom, reflecting the regional identity of the various countries and islands of the British isles.
During the period when Heligoland was a British possession, about 20 postage stamps were issued between 1867 and 1890. There were up to eight printings of a single denomination and also a large volume of reprints which are known as the Berlin, Leipzig and Hamburg Reprints, respectively. The Berlin reprints are sometimes better quality than the originals. The reprints were done between 1875 and 1895. Consequently, many "old" collections contain reprints rather than originals. Some believe there were seven million reprints as compared to the known 1½ million originals, of which perhaps half were sold through the post office and the remainder sold to dealers when withdrawn from use. A few printings were never postally sold but nevertheless found their way into the hands of dealers. The stamps were printed by the Prussian State Printing Office in Berlin. They were denominated in the Hamburg Schilling until 1875, when both German Reich and British values appeared on each stamp issue. All are embossed with a silhouette of Queen Victoria excepting the four highest values which represent Heligoland escutcheons.
The Russian Orthodox Church of Saint Elizabeth in Wiesbaden is the only Russian Orthodox church in Wiesbaden, Germany, and is located on Neroberg. Besides the Russian church there is a parsonage and a Russian cemetery, which is the largest in Europe. St. Elizabeth's Church and its parishioners belong to the Diocese of Germany in the Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia.
Postage stamps and postal history of Baden refers to the postal history and postage stamps of the German state of Baden from 1851 to 1871.
This is a survey of the postage stamps and postal history of Germany and philatelically related areas. The main modern providers of service were the Reichspost (1871–1945), the Deutsche Post under Allied control (1945–1949), the Deutsche Post of the GDR (1949–1990), the Deutsche Bundespost (1949–1995), along with the Deutsche Bundespost Berlin (1949–1990), and are now the Deutsche Post AG.
The Deutsche Post (DP), also Deutsche Post of the GDR was the state-owned postal and telecommunications monopoly of the German Democratic Republic. The DP was placed under the control of the Ministry for Postal and Telecommunication Services of the GDR(Ministerium für Post- und Fernmeldewesen der DDR - ) - a member of the Council of Ministers of the GDR(Ministerrat der DDR) - and was in operation from 1949 until the reunification of Germany on 3 October 1990.
The German Post Offices Abroad were a network of post offices in foreign countries established by Germany to provide mail service where the local services were deemed unsafe or unreliable. They were generally set up in cities with some sort of German commercial interest. In the earliest period when such offices were open, stamps used there can only be identified by their cancellations. Such stamps are known as "Vorläufer" (forerunner) stamps. Later stamps issued for use at a post office abroad can generally be identified by overprints even when not postally used. Germany began issuing distinctive stamps for use overseas beginning in the late 19th century, and the number and variety of issues reached its heyday at the beginning of the 20th century. All German Post Offices Abroad were closed down during or shortly after World War I.
Alice Salomon was a German social reformer and pioneer of social work as an academic discipline. Her role was so important to German social work that the Deutsche Bundespost issued a commemorative postage stamp about her in 1989. A university, a park and a square in Berlin are all named after her.
German South West Africa was a German colony in Africa, established in 1884 with the protection of the area around Lüderitz and abandoned during World War I, when the area was taken over by the British.
Tagging of postage stamps means that the stamps are printed on luminescent paper or with luminescent ink to facilitate automated mail processing. Both fluorescence and phosphorescence are used. The same stamp may have been printed with and without these luminescent features, the two varieties are referred to as tagged and untagged, respectively.
The Nordertor is an old town gate in Flensburg, Germany, which was built around 1595. Today the landmark is used as a symbol for Flensburg.
The Day of the founding of the German Empire was an annual celebration on the anniversary of the proclamation of the German Empire on 18 January 1871 in the Palace of Versailles.
The Sachsenpfennig, sometimes called the Wendenpfennig or the Hochrandpfennig was a well-known coin of the pfennig type minted in the eastern part of the Stem Duchy of Saxony during the 10th and 11th centuries. It had an upturned perimeter and, next to the Otto Adelheid Pfennig was the most common pfennig type of its time. Sachsenpfennigs are the oldest coins minted in Saxony. Its different names represent a lack of clarity within mediaeval numismatics about the coin.