Related Research Articles
Passive management is an investing strategy that tracks a market-weighted index or portfolio. Passive management is most common on the equity market, where index funds track a stock market index, but it is becoming more common in other investment types, including bonds, commodities and hedge funds.
A tangible investment is something physical that you can touch. It is an investment in a tangible, hard or real asset or personal property. This contrasts with financial investments such as stocks, bonds, mutual funds and other financial instruments.
An institutional investor is an entity which pools money to purchase securities, real property, and other investment assets or originate loans. Institutional investors include commercial banks, central banks, credit unions, government-linked companies, insurers, pension funds, sovereign wealth funds, charities, hedge funds, REITs, investment advisors, endowments, and mutual funds. Operating companies which invest excess capital in these types of assets may also be included in the term. Activist institutional investors may also influence corporate governance by exercising voting rights in their investments. In 2019, the world's top 500 asset managers collectively managed $104.4 trillion in Assets under Management (AuM).
In finance, an asset class is a group of financial instruments that have similar financial characteristics and behave similarly in the marketplace. We can often break these instruments into those having to do with real assets and those having to do with financial assets. Often, assets within the same asset class are subject to the same laws and regulations; however, this is not always true. For instance, futures on an asset are often considered part of the same asset class as the underlying instrument but are subject to different regulations than the underlying instrument.
Liability-driven investment policies and asset management decisions are those largely determined by the sum of current and future liabilities attached to the investor, be it a household or an institution. As it purports to associate constantly both sides of the balance sheet in the investment process, it has been called a "holistic" investment methodology.
Geoeconomics is the study of the spatial, temporal, and political aspects of economies and resources. Although there is no widely accepted singular definition, the distinction of geoeconomics separately from geopolitics is often attributed to Edward Luttwak, an American strategist and military consultant, and Pascal Lorot, a French economist and political scientist.
A sovereign wealth fund (SWF), sovereign investment fund, or social wealth fund is a state-owned investment fund that invests in real and financial assets such as stocks, bonds, real estate, precious metals, or in alternative investments such as private equity fund or hedge funds. Sovereign wealth funds invest globally. Most SWFs are funded by revenues from commodity exports or from foreign-exchange reserves held by the central bank.
An alternative investment, also known as an alternative asset or alternative investment fund (AIF), is an investment in any asset class excluding capital stocks, bonds, and cash. The term is a relatively loose one and includes tangible assets such as precious metals, collectibles and some financial assets such as real estate, commodities, private equity, distressed securities, hedge funds, exchange funds, carbon credits, venture capital, film production, financial derivatives, cryptocurrencies, non-fungible tokens, and Tax Receivable Agreements. Investments in real estate, forestry and shipping are also often termed "alternative" despite the ancient use of such real assets to enhance and preserve wealth. Alternative investments are to be contrasted with traditional investments.
Stichting Pensioenfonds ABP, frequently referred to as ABP, is the pension fund for government and education employees in the Netherlands. For the quarter ended 31 December 2014, ABP had 2.8 million participants and assets under management of €344 billion, making it the largest pension fund in the Netherlands and among the five largest pension funds in the world as at September 2016.
Impact investing refers to investments "made into companies, organizations, and funds with the intention to generate a measurable, beneficial social or environmental impact alongside a financial return". At its core, impact investing is about an alignment of an investor's beliefs and values with the allocation of capital to address social and/or environmental issues.
A longevity risk is any potential risk attached to the increasing life expectancy of pensioners and policy holders, which can eventually result in higher pay-out ratios than expected for many pension funds and insurance companies.
Country attractiveness is a multidisciplinary concept at the crossroads of development economics, financial economics, comparative law and political science: it aims at tracking and contrasting the relative appeal of different territories and jurisdictions competing for “scarce” investment inflows, by scoring them quantitatively and qualitatively across ad hoc series of variables such as GDP growth, tax rates, capital repatriation … etc.
Infrastructure-based economic development, also called infrastructure-driven development, combines key policy characteristics inherited from the Rooseveltian progressive tradition and neo-Keynesian economics in the United States, France's Gaullist and neo-Colbertist centralized economic planning, Scandinavian social democracy as well as Singaporean and Chinese state capitalism: it holds that a substantial proportion of a nation’s resources must be systematically directed towards long term assets such as transportation, energy and social infrastructure in the name of long term economic efficiency and social equity.
Pension investment in private equity refers to an important component of the Endowment Model, pension funds may invest directly in private companies, or indirectly via private equity funds. This is a departure of the classic "70-30 Model" where a pension fund would invest 30% of its assets in publicly-listed stock. The perceived benefits of investing in private companies include the improved ability to diversify by region, industry, and sector, in addition to being able to invest in a greater selection of companies. A perceived drawback is the lack of liquidity of such private investments.
The European Commission’s Investment Plan for Europe known as the “Juncker Plan” or the “EU Infrastructure Investment Plan” is an ambitious infrastructure investment programme first announced by European Commission President Jean-Claude Juncker in November 2014: it aims at unlocking public and private investments in the “real economy” of at least € 315 billion over a three years fiscal period.
Soft infrastructure is all the services which are required to maintain the economic, health, and cultural and social standards of a population, as opposed to the hard infrastructure which is the physical infrastructure of roads, bridges etc. It includes both physical assets such as highly specialised buildings and equipment, as well as non-physical assets, such as communication, the body of rules and regulations governing the various systems, the financing of these systems, the systems and organisations by which professionals are trained, advance in their careers by acquiring experience, and are disciplined if required by professional associations. It includes institutions such as the financial and economic systems, the education system, the health care system, the system of government, and law enforcement, and emergency services.
Infrastructure is a platform for governance, commerce, and economic growth and is "a lifeline for modern societies". It is the hallmark of economic development.
The Singapore Forum, also known as Singapore Economic Forum (SEF), was re-established in 2023 as an Asia Pacific plus G12 nations annual event held in Singapore – typically in the third week of March.
Private market assets refer to investments in equity (shares) and debt issued by privately owned companies – as opposed to ‘public’ (listed) corporations. These markets include private equity (PE) and venture capital (VC); real estate (property); infrastructure; farmland and forestry.
References
- ↑ Mark Cobley : 'Infrastructure Funds Fail to Bridge the Gap', Dow Jones Financial News, 20 February 2012
- ↑ Raquel Pichardo-Allison: 'Dutch Regulations "Killing" Pensions', Global Pensions/Professional Pensions, 7 February 2011
- ↑ Valérie Devillechabrolle: Liaisons sociales/Protection Sociale Information, " Quelle stratégie pour les fonds de pension ?" PSI, 15 February 2012
- ↑ Mark Cobley : 'Infrastructure Funds Fail to Bridge the Gap', Dow Jones Financial News, 20 February 2012
- ↑ Lauren A. Burnhill : 'Investors Take Note: First Funds Out-perform Follow-ons', The Money in the Middle: Using Financial Intermediation to Achieve Social Impacts, 9 October 2012
- ↑ Asia Insurance Review, "Conference Report: 3rd World Pensions & Investments Forum" Dec. 2013
- ↑ Mark Cobley : 'China and Brazil 'seriously' Underestimating Life Expectancy', Dow Jones Financial News, 8 November 2013
- ↑ M. Nicolas J. Firzli: Revue Analyse Financière, "3rd World Pensions Council forum held in Hong Kong" Q1 2014
- ↑ Mark Cobley : "Solving the Pensions Crisis across the Globe", Dow Jones Financial News, 10 December 2013
- ↑ David Weeks & Nicolas Firzli: 'The 5th Annual World Pensions Forum', Revue Analyse Financière, 2 May 2016