1639 in science

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Last updated January 02, 2023

The year 1639 in science and technology involved some significant events.

Astronomy

Giovanni Battista Zupi observes that the planet Mercury has orbital phases.
December 4 (November 24 in Julian calendar) – English astronomers Jeremiah Horrocks and William Crabtree are the first and only scientific observers of a transit of Venus, predicted by Horrocks.

Exploration

The Casiquiare canal, a river forming a natural canal between the Amazon River and Orinoco River basins, is first encountered by Europeans

Mathematics

Girard Desargues introduces the concept of infinity into geometry.^[1]

Births

April 12 – Martin Lister, English naturalist and physician (died 1712)
December 18 – Gottfried Kirch, German astronomer (died 1710)
approx. date – Daniel Greysolon, Sieur du Lhut, French explorer (died 1710)

Deaths

June 6 – Peter Crüger, German polymath (born 1580)
August 7 – Martin van den Hove, Dutch astronomer (born 1605)
Mutio Oddi, Italian mathematician (born 1569)^[2]

Related Research Articles

1792 (MDCCXCII) was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar and a leap year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar, the 1792nd year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 792nd year of the 2nd millennium, the 92nd year of the 18th century, and the 3rd year of the 1790s decade. As of the start of 1792, the Gregorian calendar was 11 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

The 1630s was a decade that began on January 1, 1630, and ended on December 31, 1639.

1639 (MDCXXXIX) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar, the 1639th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 639th year of the 2nd millennium, the 39th year of the 17th century, and the 10th and last year of the 1630s decade. As of the start of 1639, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

Nicolaus Copernicus was a Renaissance polymath, active as a mathematician, astronomer, and Catholic canon, who formulated a model of the universe that placed the Sun rather than Earth at its center. In all likelihood, Copernicus developed his model independently of Aristarchus of Samos, an ancient Greek astronomer who had formulated such a model some eighteen centuries earlier.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">William Crabtree</span> English astronomer, mathematician, and merchant (1610–1644)

William Crabtree (1610–1644) was an astronomer, mathematician, and merchant from Broughton, then in the Hundred of Salford, Lancashire, England. He was one of only two people to observe and record the first predicted transit of Venus in 1639.

Events from the year 1639 in England.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jeremiah Horrocks</span> English astronomer (1618–1641)

Jeremiah Horrocks, sometimes given as Jeremiah Horrox, was an English astronomer. He was the first person to demonstrate that the Moon moved around the Earth in an elliptical orbit; and he was the only person to predict the transit of Venus of 1639, an event which he and his friend William Crabtree were the only two people to observe and record. Most remarkably, Horrocks (correctly) asserted that Jupiter was accelerating in its orbit while Saturn was slowing and interpreted this as due to mutual gravitational interaction, thereby demonstrating that gravity's actions were not limited to the Earth, Sun, and Moon.

The year 1566 in science and technology included many events, some of which are listed here.

The year 1569 in science and technology included a number of events, some of which are listed here.

The first known observations and recording of a transit of Venus were made in 1639 by the English astronomers Jeremiah Horrocks and his friend and correspondent William Crabtree. The pair made their observations independently on 4 December that year ; Horrocks from Carr House, then in the village of Much Hoole, Lancashire, and Crabtree from his home in Broughton, near Manchester.

Muzio or Mutio Oddi was an Italian mathematician and Gnomonist.

References

↑ Crilly, Tony (2007). 50 Mathematical Ideas you really need to know. London: Quercus. p. 28. ISBN 978-1-84724-008-8.
↑ Marr, Alexander (2011). Between Raphael and Galileo: Mutio Oddi and the Mathematical Culture of Late Renaissance Italy. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-50628-9.

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[1] Crilly, Tony (2007). 50 Mathematical Ideas you really need to know. London: Quercus. p. 28. ISBN 978-1-84724-008-8.

[2] Marr, Alexander (2011). Between Raphael and Galileo: Mutio Oddi and the Mathematical Culture of Late Renaissance Italy. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-50628-9.

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