1900 in philosophy

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List of years in philosophy (table)

1900 in philosophy

Contents

Events

Publications

Edmund Husserl German philosopher, known as the father of phenomenology

Edmund Gustav Albrecht Husserl was a German philosopher who established the school of phenomenology. In his early work, he elaborated critiques of historicism and of psychologism in logic based on analyses of intentionality. In his mature work, he sought to develop a systematic foundational science based on the so-called phenomenological reduction. Arguing that transcendental consciousness sets the limits of all possible knowledge, Husserl redefined phenomenology as a transcendental-idealist philosophy. Husserl's thought profoundly influenced the landscape of 20th-century philosophy, and he remains a notable figure in contemporary philosophy and beyond.

<i>Logical Investigations</i> (Husserl) book by Edmund Husserl

Logical Investigations is a work of philosophy by Edmund Husserl, published in two volumes in 1900 and 1901, with a second edition in 1913 and 1921. In Logical Investigations, which resulted from a shift in Husserl's interests from mathematics to logic and epistemology, Husserl maintains that mathematical laws are not empirical laws that describe the workings of the mind, but ideal laws whose necessity is intuited a priori. Though Husserl abandoned psychologism, the doctrine according to which logical entities such as propositions, universals, and numbers can be reduced to mental states or activities, in Logical Investigations, some commentators have seen a revival of psychologism in its second volume. Logical Investigations helped to create phenomenology, and has been credited with making twentieth century continental philosophy possible. Martin Heidegger was among the philosophers influenced by the work. An English translation of the second edition, by the philosopher J. N. Findlay, was published in 1970.

Nitobe Inazō Japanese agricultural economist, author, educator, diplomat, politician

Nitobe Inazō was a Japanese agricultural economist, author, educator, diplomat, politician, and Christian during the pre-World War II period.

Births

Richard Bevan Braithwaite, usually cited as R. B. Braithwaite, was an English philosopher who specialized in the philosophy of science, ethics, and the philosophy of religion. He was a lecturer in moral science at the University of Cambridge from 1934 to 1953, then Knightbridge Professor of Moral Philosophy there from 1953 to 1967. He was president of the Aristotelian Society from 1946 to 1947, and was elected a Fellow of the British Academy in 1957.

Hans-Georg Gadamer German philosopher

Hans-Georg Gadamer was a German philosopher of the continental tradition, best known for his 1960 magnum opusTruth and Method on hermeneutics. He was a Protestant Christian.

Keiji Nishitani Japanese philosopher

Keiji Nishitani was a Japanese philosopher of the Kyoto School and a disciple of Kitarō Nishida. In 1924 Nishitani received a Ph.D. from Kyoto University for his dissertation "Das Ideale und das Reale bei Schelling und Bergson". He studied under Martin Heidegger in Freiburg from 1937-9.

Deaths

Friedrich Nietzsche German philosopher

Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche was a German philosopher, cultural critic, composer, poet, philologist, and Latin and Greek scholar whose work has exerted a profound influence on Western philosophy and modern intellectual history. He began his career as a classical philologist before turning to philosophy. He became the youngest ever to hold the Chair of Classical Philology at the University of Basel in 1869 at the age of 24. Nietzsche resigned in 1879 due to health problems that plagued him most of his life; he completed much of his core writing in the following decade. In 1889 at age 44, he suffered a collapse and afterward, a complete loss of his mental faculties. He lived his remaining years in the care of his mother until her death in 1897 and then with his sister Elisabeth Förster-Nietzsche. Nietzsche died in 1900.

Max Müller German-born philologist and orientalist

Friedrich Max Müller, generally known as Max Müller, was a German-born philologist and Orientalist, who lived and studied in Britain for most of his life. He was one of the founders of the western academic field of Indian studies and the discipline of comparative religion. Müller wrote both scholarly and popular works on the subject of Indology. The Sacred Books of the East, a 50-volume set of English translations, was prepared under his direction. He also promoted the idea of a Turanian family of languages.

Related Research Articles

This article presents lists of the literary events and publications in 1900.

Karl Jaspers German psychiatrist and philosopher

Karl Theodor Jaspers was a German-Swiss psychiatrist and philosopher who had a strong influence on modern theology, psychiatry, and philosophy. After being trained in and practicing psychiatry, Jaspers turned to philosophical inquiry and attempted to discover an innovative philosophical system. He was often viewed as a major exponent of existentialism in Germany, though he did not accept the label.

Philipp Mainländer German poet and philosopher

Philipp Mainländer was a German poet and philosopher. Born Philipp Batz, he later changed his name to "Mainländer" in homage to his hometown, Offenbach am Main.

Walter Kaufmann (philosopher) American philosopher

Walter Arnold Kaufmann was a German-American philosopher, translator, and poet. A prolific author, he wrote extensively on a broad range of subjects, such as authenticity and death, moral philosophy and existentialism, theism and atheism, Christianity and Judaism, as well as philosophy and literature. He served more than 30 years as a professor at Princeton University.

Apollonian and Dionysian Terms representing a dichotomy between rationality and emotion

The Apollonian and Dionysian is a philosophical and literary concept and dichotomy, based on Apollo and Dionysus in Greek mythology. Some Western philosophical and literary figures have invoked this dichotomy in critical and creative works, most notably Friedrich Nietzsche and later followers.

Events from the year 1903 in France.

Events from the year 1955 in France.

Rüdiger Safranski German philosopher

Rüdiger Safranski is a German philosopher and author.

1904 in the United States USA-related events during the year of 1904

Events from the year 1904 in the United States.

1906 in the United States USA-related events during the year of 1906

Events from the year 1906 in the United States.

1916 in the United States USA-related events during the year of 1916

Events from the year 1916 in the United States.

1924 in the United States USA-related events during the year of 1924

Events from the year 1924 in the United States.

Brian Leiter American philosopher and legal scholar

Brian Leiter is an American philosopher and legal scholar who is Karl N. Llewellyn Professor of Jurisprudence at the University of Chicago Law School and founder and Director of Chicago's Center for Law, Philosophy & Human Values. A review in Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews described Leiter as "one of the most influential legal philosophers of our time", while a review in The Journal of Nietzsche Studies described Leiter's book Nietzsche on Morality (2002) as "arguably the most important book on Nietzsche's philosophy in the past twenty years."

1844 in philosophy

Events from the year 1835 in Scotland.

Events in the year 1990 in the Federal Republic of Germany and East Germany.

1855 in Sweden Sweden-related events during the year of 1855

Events from the year 1855 in Sweden

Events in the year 1844 in Germany.

References

  1. ↑ "Prof. Nietzsche Dead". The New York Times. 26 August 1900. Retrieved 23 January 2013.
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