1967 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election

Last updated
1967 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election
Flag of India.svg
  1962 25 February 1967 1969  

All 280 seats in the West Bengal Legislative Assembly
141 seats needed for a majority
 First partySecond partyThird party
 
Congress Party old symbol.png
Jyoti Basu - Calcutta 1996-12-21 089 Cropped.png
Ajoy Mukherjee.jpg
Leader Prafulla Chandra Sen Jyoti Basu Ajoy Mukherjee
Party INC CPI(M) Bangla Congress
Alliance ULF PULF
Leader since196219641967
Leader's seat Arambag (lost) Baranagar Tamluk
Arambag
Last election47.3%, 157 seatsNewNew
Seats won1274334
Seat changeDecrease2.svg 30Increase2.svg 43Increase2.svg 34
Popular vote5,207,9302,293,0261,286,028
Percentage41.1%18.1%10.16%
SwingDecrease2.svg 6.2 pp NewNew

India West Bengal Legislative Assembly 1967.svg
Structure of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly after the election

Chief Minister before election

Prafulla Chandra Sen
INC

Elected Chief Minister

Ajoy Mukherjee
Bangla Congress

The West Bengal Legislative Assembly election, 1967 was held in Indian state of West Bengal in 1967 to elect 280 members to the West Bengal Legislative Assembly. [1] United Front led by Ajoy Mukherjee won majority of seats in the election, and formed first non-Congress government of the state. [2]

Contents

Results

Summary of results of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly election, 1967 [3]
India West Bengal Legislative Assembly 1967.svg
PartyCandidatesSeatsVotesVote%Seat change
Indian National Congress 2801275,207,93041.13%Decrease2.svg 30
Communist Party of India 135432,293,02618.11%Increase2.svg 43
Bangla Congress 80341,286,02810.16%Increase2.svg 34
Communist Party of India 6216827,1966.53%Decrease2.svg 34
All India Forward Bloc 4213561,1484.43%Steady2.svg
Samyukta Socialist Party 267269,2342.13%Increase2.svg 7
Praja Socialist Party 267238,6941.88%Increase2.svg 2
Bharatiya Jana Sangh 581167,9341.33%Increase2.svg 1
Swatantra Party 211102,5760.81%Increase2.svg 1
Independent 327311,708,01113.49%Increase2.svg 20
Total105828012,663,030

Elected members

ConstituencyReserved for
(SC/ST/None)
MemberParty
MekliganjSCA. N. R. Prodhan All India Forward Bloc
MathabhangaSCD. C. Dakua Communist Party of India
Cooch Behar WestSCP. Barman Indian National Congress
SitaiNoneF. Hoque Indian National Congress
DinhataNoneK. K. Guha All India Forward Bloc
Cooch Behar NorthNoneM. R. Tar Indian National Congress
Cooch Behar SouthNoneS. K. Roy Indian National Congress
TufanganjSCI. S. Sen Indian National Congress
KumargramNoneP. K. Mukherjee Indian National Congress
KalchiniSTD. Lakra Indian National Congress
Alipore DuarsNoneN. Bhattacharya Independent
FalakataSCJ. Roy Praja Socialist Party
MadarihatSTD. N. Rai Indian National Congress
DhupguriNoneA. G. Neogi Samyukta Socialist Party
NagrakataSTB. Bhagat Indian National Congress
MainaguriSCJ. Ray Bangla Congress
MalSTA. Topna Indian National Congress
JalpaiguriNoneK. N. Das Gupta Indian National Congress
RajganjSCB. N. R. Hakim Samyukta Socialist Party
KalimpongNoneK. B. Gurung Indian National Congress
DarjeelingNoneD. Rai Independent
JorebunglowNoneN. Gurung Independent
SiliguriNoneA. K. Moitra Indian National Congress
PhansidewaSTT. Wangoi Indian National Congress
ChopraNoneA. Chowdhury Indian National Congress
Goal PokharNoneM. Salimuddin Praja Socialist Party
KarandighiNoneH. S. Hussain Praja Socialist Party
RaiganjNoneN. N. Kundu Praja Socialist Party
KaliaganjSCS. P. Barman Indian National Congress
ItaharNoneZ. Abedin Indian National Congress
KushmandiSCJ. M. Roy Indian National Congress
GangarampurNoneK. Sayed Indian National Congress
KumarganjNoneM. Bose Indian National Congress
BalurghatNoneM. Basu Independent
TapanSTN. Murmu Independent
HabibpurSTB. Murmu Indian National Congress
GajolSTD. Murmu Indian National Congress
KharbaNoneG. Yazdani Independent
Harish ChandrapurNoneM. E. Razi Independent
RatdaNoneS. M. Misra Indian National Congress
MaldaNoneM. S. Mia Indian National Congress
EnglishbazarNoneS. G. Sen Indian National Congress
ManikchakNoneR. S. Singhi Swatantra Party
SuzapurNoneA. B. A. G. K. Choudhury Indian National Congress
KaliachakNoneN. Islam Communist Party of India
FarakkaNoneT. A. N. Nabi Bangla Congress
SutiNoneS. Mahammad Independent
JangipurNoneA. Haque Independent
SagardighiSCA. C. Das Indian National Congress
LalgolaNoneA. Sattar Indian National Congress
BhagabangolaNoneS. Bhattacharyya Indian National Congress
NabagramNoneA. K. Bakshi Indian National Congress
MurshidabadNoneS. K. A. Meerza Indian National Congress
JalangiNoneA. Rahaman Indian National Congress
DomkalNoneM. A. Bari Communist Party of India
NaodaNoneM. Israil Indian National Congress
HariharparaNoneS. Ahmed Indian National Congress
BerhamporeNoneS. Bhattacharyya Indian National Congress
BeldangaNoneA. Latif Indian National Congress
KandiNoneG. Trivedi Indian National Congress
KhargramSCS. K. Mondal Indian National Congress
BarwanNoneA. L. Roy Independent
BharatpurNoneS. Sinha Indian National Congress
KarimpurNoneN. Sanyal Bangla Congress
TehattaNoneS. Banerji Indian National Congress
KaliganjNoneS. M. F. Rahman Indian National Congress
NakashiparaSCM. C. Mondal Bangla Congress
ChapraNoneJ. Mojumder Bangla Congress
NabadwipNoneS. M. Nandy Indian National Congress
Krishnagar WestNoneA. Mukherjee Communist Party of India
Krishnagar EastNoneK. K. Maitra Samyukta Socialist Party
HanskhaliSCC. M. Sarkar Bangla Congress
SantipurNoneK. Pal Communist Party of India
Ranaghat WestNoneB. K. Chattopadhyay Indian National Congress
Ranaghat EastSCN. Sarkar Communist Party of India
ChakdahNoneH. Mitra Bangla Congress
HaringhataNoneB. M. Karim Independent
BagdahaSCA. L. Majumdar All India Forward Bloc
BongaonNoneK. Bhowmick Indian National Congress
GaighataNoneC. Mitra Bangla Congress
AshokenagarNoneS. K. Sen Communist Party of India
BarasatNoneH. K. Basu All India Forward Bloc
RajarhatSCS. N. Das Communist Party of India
DegangaNoneJ. Kabir Bangla Congress
HabraNoneJ. P. Mukherjee Bangla Congress
SwarupnagarNoneJ. R. Sen Communist Party of India
BaduriaNoneQ. A. Gaffar Indian National Congress
BasirhatNoneA. B. Bandopadhyay Communist Party of India
HasnabadNoneH. N. Mazumdar Bangla Congress
HingalganjSCB. N. Brahmachari Independent
GosabaSCG. N. Mandal Bharatiya Jana Sangh
SandeshkhaliSTD. N. Sinha Indian National Congress
HaroaSCG. Pramanick Bangla Congress
BasantiNoneS. Khatun Indian National Congress
CanningSCA. C. Halder Bangla Congress
KultaliSCP. Purkait Independent
JoynagarNoneS. Banerjee Independent
BaruipurSCK. R. Mandal Samyukta Socialist Party
SonarpurNoneG. Naskar Communist Party of India
BhangarNoneA. Molla Bangla Congress
JadavpurNoneB. C. Guha Communist Party of India
Behala EastNoneN. Mukherjee Communist Party of India
Behala WestNoneR. Mukherjee Communist Party of India
Garden ReachNoneS. M. Abdullah Indian National Congress
MaheshtolaNoneS. C. Bhandari Communist Party of India
Budge BudgeNoneK. B. R. Barman Communist Party of India
Bishnupur WestNoneP. C. Roy Communist Party of India
Bishnupur EastSCS. K. Naskar Communist Party of India
FaltaNoneJ. Roy Communist Party of India
Diamond HarbourNoneA. Q. Molla Communist Party of India
Magrahat EastSCR. Pramanik Communist Party of India
Magrahat WestNoneJ. Abdin Bangla Congress
KulpiSCN. K. Haldar Indian National Congress
MathurapurSCH. Haldar Bangla Congress
PatharpratimaNoneR. Mandal Independent
KakdwipNoneH. Dhara Indian National Congress
SagarNoneT. Misra Indian National Congress
BijpurNoneJ. C. Das Communist Party of India
NaihatiNoneG. Bhattacharjee Indian National Congress
BhatparaNoneD. Beri Indian National Congress
NoaparaNoneS. Roy Indian National Congress
TitagarhNoneK. K. Shukla Indian National Congress
KhardahNoneS. K. Chakraborty Communist Party of India
PanihatiNoneG. K. Bhattacharyya Communist Party of India
KamarhatiNoneR. R. Banerji Communist Party of India
BaranagarNoneJ. Basu Communist Party of India
Dum DumNoneT. K. S. Gupta Communist Party of India
CossipurNoneS. K. Paul Indian National Congress
ShampukurNoneG. C. Dey Indian National Congress
JorabaganNoneH. P. Chatterjee Communist Party of India
JorasankoNoneR. K. Poddar Indian National Congress
BarabazarNoneI. D. Jalan Indian National Congress
BowbazarNoneB. S. Nahar Indian National Congress
ChowringheeNoneS. S. Ray Indian National Congress
KabithirthaNoneB. B. Paul Indian National Congress
AliporeNoneM. Sanyal Communist Party of India
KalighatNoneB. Mitra Indian National Congress
RashbehariavenueNoneB. K. Banerjee Independent
Tolly GungeNoneN. S. Gupta Communist Party of India
DhakuriaNoneS. Lahiri Communist Party of India
BallygungeNoneJ. B. Bhattacharya Independent
Beliaghata SouthSCG. P. Roy Indian National Congress
EntallyNoneA. A. M. O. Ghani Communist Party of India
TaltolaNoneK. Hossain Indian National Congress
SealdahNoneP. C. Chunder Indian National Congress
VidyasagarNoneN. C. Roy Communist Party of India
Beliaghata NorthNoneK. P. Ghosh Communist Party of India
ManicktolaNoneI. Mitra Communist Party of India
BurtolaNoneN. Das Independent
BelgachiaNoneL. C. Sen Communist Party of India
BallyNoneS. N. Mukhrjee Indian National Congress
Howrah NorthNoneS. K. Mukhrjee Indian National Congress
Howrah CentralNoneD. Mitra Indian National Congress
Howrah SouthNoneB. K. Bhattacharja Indian National Congress
ShibpurNoneM. Banerjee Indian National Congress
DomjurNoneA. H. Mondal Indian National Congress
JagatballavpurNoneB. B. Bose Communist Party of India
PanchlaNoneP. Mukhopadhya Indian National Congress
SankrailSCN. N. Bhunia Indian National Congress
Uluberia NorthSCA. L. Majumdar All India Forward Bloc
Uliberia SouthNoneB. D. Ghose All India Forward Bloc
ShyampurNoneS. Bera All India Forward Bloc
BagnanNoneR. G. Choudhury Indian National Congress
KalyanpurNoneS. K. Mitra Bangla Congress
AmtaNoneN. Bhandari Communist Party of India
UdaynarayanpurNoneP. L. Maji Communist Party of India
JangiparaNoneM. N. Jana Communist Party of India
ChanditalaNoneM. A. Latif Independent
UttarparaNoneM. Hazra Communist Party of India
SeramporeNoneG. D. Nag Indian National Congress
ChampdaniNoneB. Majumdar Indian National Congress
ChandernagoreNoneB. Mukherjee Communist Party of India
SingurNoneP. Pal Indian National Congress
HaripalNoneA. C. Majumdar Samyukta Socialist Party
ChinsurahNoneS. C. Ghose All India Forward Bloc
PolbaNoneB. Chattopadhayay Indian National Congress
BalagarhSCH. K. Das Indian National Congress
PanduaNoneR. Kundu Indian National Congress
DhaniakhaliSCK. Saha All India Forward Bloc
TarakeswarNoneR. Chatterjee Independent
PursurahNoneS. M. Roy Indian National Congress
KhanakulSCM. Saha Communist Party of India
ArambaghNoneA. K. Mukhopadhyaya Bangla Congress
GoghatSCA. K. Biswas All India Forward Bloc
ChandrakonaNoneI. Roy Indian National Congress
GhatalSCN. R. Dal Communist Party of India
DaspurNoneB. C. Sasmal Indian National Congress
Panskura WestNoneR. K. Pramanik Bangla Congress
Panskura EastNoneG. Mukhopadhyay Communist Party of India
MoynaNoneK. Bhowmik Communist Party of India
TamlukNoneA. K. Mukhopadhyay Bangla Congress
MahishadalNoneS. K. Bhara Bangla Congress
SutahataSCM. C. Das Bangla Congress
NandigramNoneB. C. Panda Communist Party of India
NarghatNoneP. K. Gayen Bangla Congress
BhagbanpurNoneA. Maiti Indian National Congress
KhajuriSCB. Paik Indian National Congress
Contai NorthNoneM. L. Das Indian National Congress
Contai SouthNoneS. C. Das Praja Socialist Party
RamnagarNoneT. Pradhan Indian National Congress
EgraNoneB. Pahari Praja Socialist Party
MugberiaNoneB. Maity Bangla Congress
PataspurNoneK. D. Mahapatra Communist Party of India
PinglaNoneG. Samanta Communist Party of India
DebraNoneK. Chakraborty Bangla Congress
KeshpurSCR. K. Doloi Indian National Congress
Garhbeta EastSCK. K. Chalak Indian National Congress
Garhbeta WestNoneP. Sinharay Indian National Congress
SalbaniNoneA. R. Mahato Bangla Congress
MidnapurNoneK. C. Ghose Communist Party of India
KharagpurNoneN. Choubey Communist Party of India
Kharagpur LocalNoneD. Das Communist Party of India
NarayangarhNoneK. D. Roy Indian National Congress
DantanNoneD. N. Das Bangla Congress
KeshiariSTB. C. Tudu Indian National Congress
NayagramSTJ. Hansda Bangla Congress
GopiballavpurNoneD. Kar Samyukta Socialist Party
JhargramNoneP. C. Ghosh Independent
BinpurSTM. C. Saren Indian National Congress
BanduanSTK. Majhi Independent
ManbazarNoneG. Mahato Independent
BalarampurSTG. Majhi Independent
ArshaNoneB. Mukherjee Indian National Congress
JhaldaNoneC. Mahato All India Forward Bloc
JaipurNoneR. K. Mahato Indian National Congress
PuruliaNoneB. B. D. Gupta Independent
ParaSCS. Bauri Bangla Congress
RaghunathpurSCN. Bauri Indian National Congress
KashipurNoneS. N. S. Deo Indian National Congress
HuraNoneS. Ojha Independent
TaldangraNoneP. Mukhopadhyay Indian National Congress
RaipurSTB. Saren Bangla Congress
RanibandhSTB. Hemran Indian National Congress
IndpurSCB. B. Maji Indian National Congress
ChhatnaNoneJ. Koley Indian National Congress
GangjalghatiSCG. Maji Bangla Congress
BarjoraNoneA. Chatterjee Indian National Congress
BankuraNoneS. Mitra Indian National Congress
OndaNoneS. Dutta Indian National Congress
VishnupurNoneB. C. Mandal Indian National Congress
KotulpurNoneS. Sarkar Bangla Congress
IndasSCP. C. Mal Bangla Congress
SonamukhiSCK. Saha Indian National Congress
HirapurNoneS. Ghatak Indian National Congress
KultiNoneJ. Sharma Indian National Congress
BarabaniNoneM. Upadhyay Indian National Congress
AsansolNoneG. R. Mitra Indian National Congress
RaniganjNoneH. Roy Communist Party of India
JamuriaSCT. Mondal Samyukta Socialist Party
UkhraSCH. Mondal Indian National Congress
DurgapurNoneD. K. Mazumdar Communist Party of India
FaridpurNoneM. Baksi Bangla Congress
AusgramSCK. C. Halder Communist Party of India
BhatarNoneS. Hazra Indian National Congress
GalsiNoneP. C. Roy Independent
Burdwan NorthNoneS. Shahedullah Communist Party of India
Burdwan SouthNoneS. B. Choudhury Indian National Congress
KhandaghoshSCP. Dhibar Indian National Congress
RainaNoneD. Tah Praja Socialist Party
Jamal PurSCP. Pramanik Indian National Congress
MemariNoneP. Bishayee Indian National Congress
KalnaNoneH. K. Konar Communist Party of India
NadanghatNoneP. C. Goswami Indian National Congress
ManteswarNoneN. C. Chaudhuri Indian National Congress
PurbasthaliNoneL. Hazra Communist Party of India
KatwaNoneS. Chowdhury Communist Party of India
MangalkotNoneN. Sattar Indian National Congress
KetugramSCP. Mandal Indian National Congress
NanurSCS. Jash Indian National Congress
BolpurNoneR. K. Sinha Independent
LabpurNoneS. Bandyopadhyay Indian National Congress
DubrajpurNoneK. N. Bandopadhyay Independent
RajnagarSCS. Mandal All India Forward Bloc
SuriNoneB. Bandopadhyay Indian National Congress
Mahammad BazarNoneN. Ghosh Indian National Congress
MayureswarSCK. Saha Indian National Congress
RampurhatNoneS. S. Mondal All India Forward Bloc
HansanSCS. Prasad Indian National Congress
NalhatiNoneG. Mahiuddin Independent
MuraraiNoneB. Ahamad Independent

Post-Poll Alliance

United Front led by Ajoy Mukherjee formed the Government. United Front was the combination of People's United Left Front, an electoral combination of CPI, the Bangla Congress, AIFB and BPI [4] with United Left Front, comprising CPI(M), SSP, SUCI(C), MFB, RCPI, WPI and the RSP. [4]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Communist Party of India (Marxist)</span> Political party in India

The Communist Party of India (Marxist) (abbreviated as CPI(M)) is a communist political party in India. It is the largest communist party in India in terms of membership and electoral seats, and one of the national parties of India. The party was founded through a splitting from the Communist Party of India in 1964 and it quickly became the dominant fraction.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Revolutionary Communist Party of India</span> Indian political party

The Revolutionary Communist Party of India is a political party in India. The party was founded as the Communist League by Saumyendranath Tagore in 1934, breaking away from the Communist Party of India (CPI). RCPI led armed uprisings after the independence of India, but later shifted to parliamentary politics. The party is active in Assam, Kerala, West Bengal, Telangana and Andhra Pradesh. The party was represented in the West Bengal while being a part of Second United Front Cabinet (1969) as well as in various state government during the Left Front rule in the state (1977–2011). In Assam, the party won four Legislative Assembly seats in 1978, but its political influence has since declined in the state.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bangla Congress</span> Political party in West Bengal, India

The Bangla Congress was a regional political party in the Indian state of West Bengal. It was formed through a split in the Indian National Congress in 1966 and later co-governed with the Communist Party of India (Marxist) in two United Front governments, the first lasting from 15 March 1967 to 2 November 1967, the second from 25 February 1969 to 19 March 1970.

Politics in West Bengal is dominated by the following major political parties: the All India Trinamool Congress, the Communist Party of India (Marxist), the Bharatiya Janata Party, and the Indian National Congress. For many decades, the state underwent gruesome and terrible political violence. Since the 2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election, it has been governed by the Trinamool Congress party. Previously, it was ruled by Left Front led by the Communist Party of India (Marxist) for over three decades.

The United Front was a political coalition in West Bengal, India, formed shortly after the 1967 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election. It was conceived on 25 February 1967, through the joining of the United Left Front and the People's United Left Front, along with other parties. Soon after its formation, a massive rally was held in Calcutta, at which an 18-point programme of the Front was presented. Ajoy Mukherjee, leader of the Bangla Congress, was the head of the United Front.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">History of West Bengal (1947–present)</span>

The history of West Bengal began in 1947, when the Hindu-dominated western part of British Bengal Province became the Indian state of West Bengal.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bolshevik Party of India</span> Political party in India

The Bolshevik Party of India is an Indian political party in India. The party was founded in 1939. The party had a certain role in the trade union movement in West Bengal and was briefly represented in the state government in 1969. In later years the party has played a negligible role in Indian politics.

Santipur Assembly constituency is an assembly constituency in Nadia district in the Indian state of West Bengal.

Kamarhati Assembly constituency is a Legislative Assembly constituency of North 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.

Arambagh is an assembly constituency in Hooghly district in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is reserved for scheduled castes.

Tamluk Assembly constituency is an assembly constituency in Purba Medinipur district in the Indian state of West Bengal.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Left Front (West Bengal)</span> Indian political party

The Left Front is an alliance of left-wing political parties in the Indian state of West Bengal. It was formed in January 1977, the founding parties being the Communist Party of India (Marxist), All India Forward Bloc, the Revolutionary Socialist Party, the Marxist Forward Bloc, the Revolutionary Communist Party of India and the Biplobi Bangla Congress. Other parties joined in later years, most notably the Communist Party of India.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1987 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election</span>

Legislative Assembly elections were held in the Indian state of West Bengal in 1987. The election was mainly a clash between the Left Front led by Chief Minister Jyoti Basu and the Indian National Congress(I) led by Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi. The former held the state government and the latter the national government. The election was won by the Left Front, for the third time in a row.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1971 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election</span> Assembly Election of West Bengal, India

Legislative Assembly elections were held in the Indian state of West Bengal in 1971. The assembly election was held alongside the 1971 Indian general election.

Bhabatosh Soren was an Indian politician. He hailed from Jalguria village, Bankura District, and was a leader of the Santhal people. A lawyer by profession, Soren was a member of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly 1967–1971 and served as Minister for Forests in the state government 1969–1970.

Charu Mihir Sarkar was an Indian politician who was a member of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly from 1967 to 1971 and served as Minister in the 1967 and 1969 United Front state cabinets.

Sudhir Chandra Das was an Indian politician. During the struggle for Indian independence, he took part in the Salt, No-Tax and Quit India Movements. He represented Contai North and later Contai South in the West Bengal Legislative Assembly, becoming Minister for Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Services in 1969.

The Second Ajoy Mukherjee ministry was the coalition government that ruled the Indian state of West Bengal for 13 months, 1969–1970. The Second United Front Cabinet was formed after the 1967 First United Front Cabinet had been dismissed in 1967, President's Rule introduced and a mid-term election held in 1969. The United Front got a renewed popular mandate in the 1969 election, with the Communist Party of India (Marxist) calling the shots but with a non-leftist Chief Minister. The 13-month reign of the Second United Front Cabinet was marked by the struggle for comprehensive land reform, labour disputes, political violence and coalition infighting.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1972 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election</span>

Legislative Assembly elections were held in the Indian state of West Bengal on March 11, 1972.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1969 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election</span> State assembly election in india

Elections were held in Indian state of West Bengal in February 1969 to elect 280 members to the West Bengal Legislative Assembly. United Front formed the government with Ajoy Mukherjee as the Chief Minister. United Front won a landslide 214 seats and 49.7% of the votes.

References

  1. "Election Commission of India". Election Commission of India. Retrieved 2018-12-20.
  2. Pala Badaler Pala; Barun Sengupta (1971). Adi Parba (in Bengali). Kolkata: Ananda Publishers. p. 14.
  3. "eci.nic.in" (PDF).
  4. 1 2 M.V.S. Koteswara Rao. Communist Parties and United Front - Experience in Kerala and West Bengal. Hyderabad: Prajasakti Book House, 2003. p. 227-229.