In organic chemistry, the Swern oxidation, named after Daniel Swern, is a chemical reaction whereby a primary or secondary alcohol is oxidized to an aldehyde or ketone using oxalyl chloride, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and an organic base, such as triethylamine. It is one of the many oxidation reactions commonly referred to as 'activated DMSO' oxidations. The reaction is known for its mild character and wide tolerance of functional groups.
Dichloromethane is an organochlorine compound with the formula CH2Cl2. This colorless, volatile liquid with a chloroform-like, sweet odor is widely used as a solvent. Although it is not miscible with water, it is slightly polar, and miscible with many organic solvents.
1,4-Benzoquinone, commonly known as para-quinone, is a chemical compound with the formula C6H4O2. In a pure state, it forms bright-yellow crystals with a characteristic irritating odor, resembling that of chlorine, bleach, and hot plastic or formaldehyde. This six-membered ring compound is the oxidized derivative of 1,4-hydroquinone. The molecule is multifunctional: it exhibits properties of a ketone, being able to form oximes; an oxidant, forming the dihydroxy derivative; and an alkene, undergoing addition reactions, especially those typical for α,β-unsaturated ketones. 1,4-Benzoquinone is sensitive toward both strong mineral acids and alkali, which cause condensation and decomposition of the compound.
Ruthenium tetroxide is the inorganic compound with the formula RuO4. It is a yellow volatile solid that melts near room temperature. It has the odor of ozone. Samples are typically black due to impurities. The analogous OsO4 is more widely used and better known. It is also the anhydride of hyperruthenic acid (H2RuO5). One of the few solvents in which RuO4 forms stable solutions is CCl4.
Chloro(triphenylphosphine)gold(I) or triphenylphosphinegold(I) chloride is a coordination complex with the formula (Ph3P)AuCl. This colorless solid is a common reagent for research on gold compounds.
Metitepine, also known as methiothepin, is a drug described as a "psychotropic agent" of the tricyclic group which was never marketed. It acts as a non-selective antagonist of serotonin, dopamine, and adrenergic receptors and has antipsychotic properties.
In enzymology, a chloromuconate cycloisomerase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
The Hofmann–Löffler reaction (also referred to as Hofmann–Löffler–Freytag reaction, Löffler–Freytag reaction, Löffler–Hofmann reaction, as well as Löffler's method) is an organic reaction in which a cyclic amine 2 (pyrrolidine or, in some cases, piperidine) is generated by thermal or photochemical decomposition of N-halogenated amine 1 in the presence of a strong acid (concentrated sulfuric acid or concentrated CF3CO2H). The Hofmann–Löffler–Freytag reaction proceeds via an intramolecular hydrogen atom transfer to a nitrogen-centered radical and is an example of a remote intramolecular free radical C–H functionalization.
Indolocarbazoles (ICZs) are a class of compounds that are under current study due to their potential as anti-cancer drugs and the prospective number of derivatives and uses found from the basic backbone alone. First isolated in 1977, a wide range of structures and derivatives have been found or developed throughout the world. Due to the extensive number of structures available, this review will focus on the more important groups here while covering their occurrence, biological activity, biosynthesis, and laboratory synthesis.
Chlorinated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (Cl-PAHs) are a group of compounds comprising polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with two or more aromatic rings and one or more chlorine atoms attached to the ring system. Cl-PAHs can be divided into two groups: chloro-substituted PAHs, which have one or more hydrogen atoms substituted by a chlorine atom, and chloro-added Cl-PAHs, which have two or more chlorine atoms added to the molecule. They are products of incomplete combustion of organic materials. They have many congeners, and the occurrences and toxicities of the congeners differ. Cl-PAHs are hydrophobic compounds and their persistence within ecosystems is due to their low water solubility. They are structurally similar to other halogenated hydrocarbons such as polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Cl-PAHs in the environment are strongly susceptible to the effects of gas/particle partitioning, seasonal sources, and climatic conditions.
Indole is an organic compound with the formula C6H4CCNH3. Indoles are derivatives of indole where one or more H's have been replaced by other groups. Indole is classified as an aromatic heterocycle. It has a bicyclic structure, consisting of a six-membered benzene ring fused to a five-membered pyrrole ring. Indoles are widely distributed in nature, most notably as amino acid tryptophan and neurotransmitter serotonin.
Delmadinone acetate (DMA), sold under the brand name Tardak among others, is a progestin and antiandrogen which is used in veterinary medicine to treat androgen-dependent conditions such as benign prostatic hyperplasia. It must be used with care as it has the potential to cause adrenal insufficiency via inhibition of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secretion from the pituitary gland. DMA is the C17α acetate ester of delmadinone, which, in contrast to DMA, was never marketed for medical use.
Tryptophan 7-halogenase (EC 1.14.19.9, PrnA, RebH) is an enzyme with systematic name L-tryptophan:FADH2 oxidoreductase (7-halogenating). This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction:
Pentamethylcyclopentadienyl ruthenium dichloride is an organoruthenium chemistry with the formula [(C5(CH3)5)RuCl2]2, commonly abbreviated [Cp*RuCl2]2. This brown paramagnetic solid is a reagent in organometallic chemistry. It is an unusual example of a compound that exists as isomers that differ in the intermetallic separation, a difference that is manifested in a number of physical properties.
Clometerone, or clometherone, also known as 6α-chloro-16α-methylprogesterone, is a synthetic pregnane steroid and derivative of progesterone which was reported in 1962 and is described as an antiestrogen and antiandrogen but was never marketed.
Bromethenmadinone acetate is a progestin medication which was developed in Czechoslovakia and was described in 1970 but was never marketed. Analogues of BMMA include chlormethenmadinone acetate, melengestrol acetate, and methenmadinone acetate.
Transition metal thioether complexes comprise coordination complexes of thioether (R2S) ligands. The inventory is extensive.
2-Chloro-6-fluorotoluene (CFT) is a halogenated derivative of toluene that is used as an intermediate in numerous organic syntheses.
2-Chloro-1,1-difluoroethene (also known as R 1122, u-HCFC-1122 or HCFO-1122) is a toxic unsaturated hydrochlorofluorocarbon which can be written as CF2=CHCl. The HCFO portion of the name stands for hydrochlorofluoroolefin. Another constitutional isomer of it, 1-chloro-1,2-difluoroethylene, is known as HCFO-1122a.
