Realpolitik is the approach of conducting diplomatic or political policies based primarily on considerations of given circumstances and factors,rather than strictly following ideological,moral,or ethical premises. In this respect,it shares aspects of its philosophical approach with those of realism and pragmatism. It is often simply referred to as pragmatism in politics,e.g. "pursuing pragmatic policies" or "realistic policies".
Religious nationalism can be understood in a number of ways,such as nationalism as a religion itself,a position articulated by Carlton Hayes in his text Nationalism:A Religion, or as the relationship of nationalism to a particular religious belief,dogma,ideology,or affiliation. This relationship can be broken down into two aspects:the politicisation of religion and the influence of religion on politics.
The Baltic states or the Baltic countries is a geopolitical term encompassing Estonia,Latvia,and Lithuania. All three countries are members of NATO,the European Union,the Eurozone,and the OECD. The three sovereign states on the eastern coast of the Baltic Sea are sometimes referred to as the "Baltic nations",less often and in historical circumstances also as the "Baltic republics",the "Baltic lands",or simply the Baltics.
The Tashkent Declaration was signed between India and Pakistan on 10 January 1966 to resolve the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965. Peace was achieved on 23 September through interventions by the Soviet Union and the United States,both of which pushed the two warring countries towards a ceasefire in an attempt to avoid any escalation that could draw in other powers.
Peter Jonathan Hitchens is an English conservative author,broadcaster,journalist,and commentator. He writes for The Mail on Sunday and was a foreign correspondent reporting from both Moscow and Washington,D.C. Peter Hitchens has contributed to The Spectator,The American Conservative,The Guardian,First Things,Prospect,and the New Statesman. His books include The Abolition of Britain,The Rage Against God,The War We Never Fought and The Phoney Victory.
Sir Bernard Rowland Crick was a British political theorist and democratic socialist whose views can be summarised as "politics is ethics done in public". He sought to arrive at a "politics of action",as opposed to a "politics of thought" or of ideology,and he held that "political power is power in the subjunctive mood." He was a leading critic of behaviouralism.
Michael Lind is an American writer and academic. He has explained and defended the tradition of American democratic nationalism in a number of books,beginning with The Next American Nation:The New Nationalism and the Fourth American Revolution (1995). He is currently a professor at the Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs at the University of Texas at Austin.
Eurasianism is a socio-political movement in Russia that emerged in the early 20th century under the Russian Empire,which states that Russia does not belong in the "European" or "Asian" categories but instead to the geopolitical concept of Eurasia governed by the "Russian world",forming an ostensibly standalone Russian civilization.
Eco-nationalism is a synthesis of nationalism and green politics. Eco-nationalists may be from many points across the left–right political spectrum,but all are bound to the idea that the nation-state and its citizens have a special duty to protect the environment of their country.
Douglas Murray is a British author and conservative political commentator. He founded the Centre for Social Cohesion in 2007,which became part of the Henry Jackson Society,where he was associate director from 2011 to 2018. He is currently an associate editor of the conservative British political and cultural magazine The Spectator.
John Moors Cabot was an American diplomat and U.S. Ambassador to five nations during the Truman,Eisenhower,and Kennedy administrations. He also served as Assistant Secretary of State for Inter-American Affairs. He warned repeatedly of the dangers of Soviet communism toward American interests in Latin America.
In the dystopian novel Nineteen Eighty-Four,by George Orwell,Emmanuel Goldstein is the principal enemy of the state of Oceania. The political propaganda of The Party portrays Goldstein as the leader of The Brotherhood,a secret,counter-revolutionary organization who violently oppose the leadership of Big Brother and the Ingsoc régime of The Party.
Bruce R. Hoffman is an American political analyst. He specializes in the study of terrorism,counter-terrorism,insurgency,and counter-insurgency. Hoffman serves as the Shelby Cullom and Kathryn W. Davis Senior Fellow for Counterterrorism and Homeland Security on the Council on Foreign Relations,and is a professor at the School of Foreign Service of Georgetown University. In addition,he is the Professor Emeritus and Honorary Professor of Terrorism Studies at the University of St Andrews,and is the George H. Gilmore Senior Fellow at the U.S. Military Academy's Combating Terrorism Center.
Dominic Lieven is an English research professor at Cambridge University and a Fellow of the British Academy and of Trinity College,Cambridge.
Nineteen Eighty-Four is a dystopian novel and cautionary tale by English writer George Orwell. It was published on 8 June 1949 by Secker &Warburg as Orwell's ninth and final book completed in his lifetime. Thematically,it centres on the consequences of totalitarianism,mass surveillance,and repressive regimentation of people and behaviours within society. Orwell,a democratic socialist,modelled the authoritarian state in the novel on the Soviet Union in the era of Stalinism,and Nazi Germany. More broadly,the novel examines the role of truth and facts within societies and the ways in which they can be manipulated.
Reflections on the Revolution in Europe:Immigration,Islam,and the West is a 2009 book by Christopher Caldwell about the impact of the mass immigration of Muslims to Europe in the 20th century.
The Polish-Lithuanian identity describes individuals and groups with histories in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth or with close connections to its culture. This federation,formally established by the 1569 Union of Lublin between the Kingdom of Poland and Grand Duchy of Lithuania,created a multi-ethnic and multi-confessional state founded on the binding powers of national identity and shared culture rather than ethnicity or religious affiliation. The term Polish-Lithuanian has been used to describe various groups residing in the Commonwealth,including those that did not share the Polish or Lithuanian ethnicity nor their predominant Roman Catholic faith.
Anti-American sentiment in Pakistan has been evident through public demonstrations and burning of the flag of the United States. When measured in 2009 Pakistan was amongst the countries with the strongest such antipathy. According to Anatol Lieven,anti-American sentiment in Pakistan is characterised more by political hostilities rather than racial or religious undertones.
America Right or Wrong:An Anatomy of American Nationalism is a 2012 book by the British author and academic Anatol Lieven. A separate,earlier version was published in 2004.
Pakistan:A hard country is a historical book authored by award-winning British author and journalist Anatol Lieven. The books was published by Penguin Random House in 2011.
