Antonov An-26

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An-26
An-26 Niu Nishava Serbien Marko Stojkovic IMG 2634-1-2.jpg
An-26 of the Serbian Air Force
Role Transport aircraft
National origin Soviet Union
Design group Antonov
First flight21 May 1969 [1]
Introduction1970
StatusOperational
Primary users Soviet Air Forces (former)
Russian Aerospace Forces
Pakistan Air Force
Vietnam People's Air Force
Produced1969–1986
Number built1,403
Developed from Antonov An-24
Variants Antonov An-32

The Antonov An-26 (NATO reporting name: Curl) is a twin-engined turboprop civilian and military transport aircraft, designed and produced in the Soviet Union from 1969 to 1986. [2]

Contents

Development

While the An-24T tactical transport had proved successful in supporting Soviet troops in austere locations, its ventral loading hatch restricted the handling of cargo, and in particular vehicles, and made it less effective than hoped in parachuting men and supplies. [3] As a result, interest in a version with a retractable cargo ramp increased, and the Antonov design bureau decided in 1966 to begin development on the new An-26 derivative, in advance of an official order. The cargo ramp was based on that design and allowed the cargo deck to be sealed and pressurised in flight. When loading cargo, it could either be lowered to allow vehicles to be driven in, or slid beneath the aircraft's fuselage, so that cargo could be loaded straight in off a truck bed. In March 1968, the OKB received official permission to begin development. [4] Particular attention was given to the military mission, and the majority of early An-26 production was delivered to the VTA (voyenno-transportnaya aviatsiya). [2]

Using the majority of the An-24 airframe, it has high-set cantilevered wings, wing-mounted twin turboprops with a turbojet engine in the starboard nacelle for use as an auxiliary power unit and also for extra take-off thrust, plus long main undercarriage legs. The An-26 includes military equipment, such as tip-up paratroop canvas seats, an overhead traveling hoist, bulged observation windows and parachute static line attachment cables. It can be configured in 20-30 minutes from the troop transport or freight mission to the medical evacuation role with up to 24 stretchers fitted. [5]

The An-26 made its public debut at the 27th Paris Air Show at Le Bourget where the second prototype, CCCP-26184 (c/n00202), was shown in the static aircraft park.[ citation needed ]

The An-26 is also manufactured without a license agreement [6] in China by the Xian Aircraft factory as the Y-14, later changed to be included in the Xian Y7 series. [6]

Total production

Total Production [7] 198619851984198319821981198019791978197719761975197419731972197119701969
115915333547786125149130103997762353621144

Operational history

The An-26 has a secondary bomber role with underwing bomb racks. The racks are attached to the fuselage in front of and behind the rear landing gear. In the bombing role it was extensively used by the Vietnam People's Air Force during the Cambodian–Vietnamese War and Sudanese Air Force during the Second Sudanese Civil War and the War in Darfur. [8] Russian Forces have also trained with the An-26 as a bomber. [9] In 1977, the Afghan Air Force received the An-26 aircraft and in 1986, [10] they had 36 of them which were used for airborne assaults conducted by the Afghan Army’s commando and parachute battalions [11] and two military transport squadrons. [12]

One An-26 was involved in the Purulia Incident in 1995 in which arms were dropped in the Purulia district of West Bengal, India. The reason behind the drop is not disclosed to the public due to national security. [3]

Variants

An-26 cargo cabin Antonow An-26 inside Dmitry Belov 1898.jpg
An-26 cargo cabin
CAAC Antonov An-26 at China Aviation Museum, Beijing An-26 808.jpg
CAAC Antonov An-26 at China Aviation Museum, Beijing
An-26
"Curl-A" : Twin-engine tactical transport aircraft. [13]
An-26-100
Convertible passenger/cargo aircraft modified from An-26 aircraft at the Kyiv plant from 1999. [14]
An-26 Nel'mo
An arctic surveillance and reconnaissance aircraft retrofitted with Nel'mo equipment. [15]
An-26 Pogoda
("Weather") Another aircraft for weather control duties, similar to the An-26 Tsiklon, with a simplified equipment test lab. [16]
An-26 Polyot
("Flight") A single aircraft retrofitted for the purpose of research of unified air traffic control and monitoring system throughout the USSR, with a comprehensive navigation test lab including precision compasses and Doppler speed/shift sensors. [17]
An-26 Sfera
("Sphere") A single production aircraft built as a laboratory for atmospheric research. [16]
An-26 Shtabnoy
("Shtab" = "Headquarters") some An-26s delivered to the Soviet and DDR air forces for use as staff transports/mobile command posts. [18]
An-26 Vita Reanimatsiino-operatsiinii litak Povitrianikh Sil ZS Ukrayini An-26 <<Vita>> (27125046461).jpg
An-26 Vita
An-26 Vita uk
("Life") A single mobile operating room, surgery and intensive care unit ('25 Blue', c/n5406), for the Ukrainian Air Force. [16]
An-26A
A one-off assault transport prototype with higher performance due to removal of some military equipment. [19]
An-26ASLK
(Avtomatizirovannaya sistema lyotnogo kontrolya – automated flight control and monitoring system) : A modern flight control and monitoring system equipped with automatic calibration and navigation systems. Recognizable by the distinctive pod low on the forward fuselage side. [15]
An-26B
A civil cargo version equipped with ramps which can be swung up against the cabin walls when not in use. It was also equipped with two ZMDB Progress (Ivchyenko) Al-24VT turboprop powerplants to deliver higher thrust. [20]
An-26B
The prototype An-26B retrofitted as a mobile civilian emergency hospital. [20]
An-26B Tsiklon
("Cyclone") A weather research/control and cloud-seeding aircraft for the Central Aerologic Laboratory. This aircraft was used for rain induction and protection using cloud-seeding chemicals dropped from slab-sided pods hung from pylons. [16]
An-26B-100
Convertible passenger/cargo aircraft modified from An-26B aircraft at the Kyiv plant from 1999. [14]
An-26BL
Alternative designation for the An-26L. [15]
An-26BRL
Alternative designation of the An-26RL Arctic surveillance and reconnaissance aircraft. [15]
An-26D
(Dal'niy – long-range) An extended range version with extra fuel in wing tanks and additional external tanks attached to the airframe of the fuselage. One aircraft ('21 Yellow', c/n 13806) was retrofitted and delivered, but no further orders were forthcoming. [21]
An-26K Kaira
("Great Auk") A single An-26 aircraft converted to a Kaira test airframe for the development of airborne Laser guided systems. [17]
An-26K Kaplya
("Drop" [of liquid]) After completion of the laser designator trials the An-26K Kaira was retrofitted to search or optically guided weapons as the navigation systems. During a night test flight at low level, in March 1989, the An-26K Kaplya suffered a massive bird strike, which consequently destroyed the windshield and injured the pilot, who involuntarily downed the aircraft into the Azov Sea. [17]
An-26KPA
(Kontrol'no-Poverochnaya Apparatura – Testing and calibration equipment) : A navigation aids inspecting aircraft with comprehensive navigation equipment and calibration equipment. [22]
An-26L
A single An-26, (14 Orange, c/n 00607), used at Sperenberg Airfield near Berlin, for airfield and NAVAID calibration. [15]
An-26LL-PLO
(Letayuschaya Laboratoriya – Protivolodochnoy Oborony – ASW (Anti-Submarine Warfare) testbed) : A single An-26A aircraft, (c/n 0901), retrofitted and modified to accommodate range of sophisticated laboratory for surveillance systems, detecting and tracking stealthy nuclear submarines. [16]
An-26LP
Firefighting version. At least 9 converted. [20]
An-26M Spasatel
("Rescuer") Flying hospital with an emergency surgery facility. Two converted. [23]
An-26P
(Protivopozharnyy – firefighting) : Aircraft fire-bomber, retrofitted with water tanks in pods on either side of the lower fuselage, which could be substituted for dispensers for silver iodide flares for rainmaking. At least 5 converted. [24]
An-26P Prozhektor
("Projector" or "Searchlight") A single conversion of an An-26 as a guided missile system airframe. [25]
An-26REP
(Rahdioelektronnoye protivodeystviye – ECM (Electronic Counter-Measures) ) : Electronic countermeasures aircraft fitted with active jammers in cylindrical pods on either side of the lower fuselage sides, as well as chaff and I/R flares for self-defense. One built but did not enter service. [26]
An-26RL
(Razvedchik Ledovyy – An arctic surveillance, reconnaissance and monitoring) : An arctic surveillance, reconnaissance and monitoring aircraft used to monitor the icebergs and ice formations at arctic circle fitted with SLAR (Sideways Looking Airborne Radar) in long pods on either side of the lower fuselage, extra fuel in a cargo hold fuel tank, provision for surveyors and radar operators. [15]
An-26RR
Alternative unit designation of the An-26RT ELINT(ELectronic INTelligence) aircraft. [27]
An-26RT
"Curl-B": (First use of the designation) A basic designation for a series of ELINT aircraft fitted with a wide range of electromagnetic surveillance equipment. At least one aircraft, (tactical code '152'), retrofitted with the Tarahn (Ramming Attack) ELINT suite for use in Afghanistan. [27]
An-26RT
(Retranslyator – Interpreter - Translator): (Substitute of designation) Battlefield communications relay aircraft, fitted with powerful Inzheer (Fig) radio relay system, for connecting forward units to headquarters units. 42 built. [28]
An-26RTR
Alternative unit designation of the An-26RT ELINT aircraft. [27]
An-26S
(Salon – [VIP] Lounge) : A new VIP Lounge aircraft for the Ukrainian Ministry of Defense delivered about 1997. [14]
An-26Sh
(Shturmanskiy – Navigator) : Navigator trainer for the VVS, 36 built at Kyiv. [27]

Non-USSR /-Ukrainian versions

DDR An-26SM "369", later German Air Force "52+09", at the Museum Berlin-Gatow. Gatow Antonow An-26 (2009).jpg
DDR An-26SM "369", later German Air Force "52+09", at the Museum Berlin-Gatow.
An-26SM
One aircraft modified as an ELINT aircraft for the East German Air Force. [29]
An-26M
One aircraft modified for NAVAID calibration and flight monitoring for the East German Air Force and transferred to the post-unification German Air Force. [30]
An-26ST
East German designation for An-26s used as staff transports. [18]
An-26T
Unofficial East German designation for An-26s operated by Transportfliegerstaffel 24 (transport squadron 24). [19]
An-26Z-1
Czechoslovakian ELINT conversion of one aircraft for ELINT duties. [31]
Xian Y-7H
Military transport version. Chinese production version. [6]
Xian Y-14
Initial designation of the An-26 copy, later changed to 'Y-7H' (Hao – cargo). [6]

Operators

Military operators

Map with military An-26 operators in blue, and former military An-26 operators in red World operators of the An-26.png
Map with military An-26 operators in blue, and former military An-26 operators in red
Russian An-26 intercepted by a British Typhoon over the Baltics in July 2015 Antonov An-26 (Russia) 45158988.jpg
Russian An-26 intercepted by a British Typhoon over the Baltics in July 2015
Ukrainian An-26B in Portugal Antonov An-26B, Air-Urga JP7560169.jpg
Ukrainian An-26B in Portugal
Russian Air Force Antonov An-26 Russian Air Force Antonov An-26 Dvurekov.jpg
Russian Air Force Antonov An-26
Romanian Air Force Antonov An-26 at RAF Fairford in July 2023 RoAF Antonov An-26 at RAF Fairford 2023 (cropped).jpg
Romanian Air Force Antonov An-26 at RAF Fairford in July 2023
Flag of Angola.svg  Angola
Flag of Belarus.svg  Belarus
Flag of Cape Verde.svg  Cape Verde
Flag of Chad.svg  Chad
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China
Flag of Cuba.svg  Cuba
Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg  Democratic Republic of the Congo
Flag of Ethiopia.svg  Ethiopia
Flag of Cote d'Ivoire.svg  Ivory Coast
Flag of Kazakhstan.svg  Kazakhstan
Flag of Kyrgyzstan (2023).svg  Kyrgyzstan
Flag of Laos.svg  Laos
Flag of Libya.svg  Libya
Flag of Moldova.svg  Moldova
Flag of Mozambique.svg  Mozambique
Flag of Namibia.svg  Namibia
Flag of Nicaragua.svg  Nicaragua
Flag of Puntland.svg  Puntland
Flag of Romania.svg  Romania
Flag of Russia.svg  Russia
Flag of Sudan.svg  Sudan
Flag of Syria.svg  Syria
Flag of Ukraine.svg  Ukraine
Flag of Uzbekistan.svg  Uzbekistan
Flag of Yemen.svg  Yemen

Former military operators

Flag of the Taliban.svg  Afghanistan
  • Afghan Air Force – Used until 1977, [55] all remaining aircraft retired June 2011. [56] [57] One of their An-26 which defected to Pakistan, is preserved at PAF Museum, Karachi.
Flag of Bangladesh.svg  Bangladesh
Flag of Benin.svg  Benin
Flag of Bulgaria.svg  Bulgaria
Flag of Cambodia.svg  Cambodia
An-26 of the Czech Air Force Antonov.an-26.2409.czechaf.arp.jpg
An-26 of the Czech Air Force
Flag of the Republic of the Congo.svg  Republic of the Congo
Flag of the Czech Republic.svg  Czechoslovakia
Flag of East Germany.svg  East Germany
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany
Flag of Guinea-Bissau.svg  Guinea-Bissau
Flag of Hungary.svg  Hungary
Hungarian Air Force Antonov An-26 departs RIAT at RAF Fairford, England Hungarian Air Force Antonov An-26 departs RIAT 14thJuly2014 arp.jpg
Hungarian Air Force Antonov An-26 departs RIAT at RAF Fairford, England
Flag of Iraq.svg  Iraq
An-26 of the Lithuanian Air Force (now retired) Lithuanian Air Force Antonov AN-26 (04).jpg
An-26 of the Lithuanian Air Force (now retired)
Flag of Lithuania.svg  Lithuania
Flag of Madagascar.svg  Madagascar
Flag of Mali.svg  Mali
Flag of Mongolia.svg  Mongolia
Flag of Niger.svg  Niger
Flag of North Yemen.svg  North Yemen
Flag of Pakistan.svg  Pakistan
Flag of Peru.svg  Peru
An-26 of the Polish Air Force (Operated before 2009, now retired) Polish AN-26.jpg
An-26 of the Polish Air Force (Operated before 2009, now retired)
Flag of Poland.svg  Poland
Slovak Air Force An-26 at Farnborough Airshow, 2008 An-26-slovak-3208.jpg
Slovak Air Force An-26 at Farnborough Airshow, 2008
Flag of Slovakia.svg  Slovakia
Flag of Somalia.svg  Somalia
Flag of South Yemen.svg  South Yemen
Flag of Serbia.svg  Serbia
Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union
Flag of Tanzania.svg  Tanzania
Flag of Transnistria (state).svg  Transnistria
Flag of Turkmenistan.svg  Turkmenistan
Flag of the United States (23px).png  United States
Vietnam People's Air Force Antonov An-26 251 Antonov An.26 Vietnamese Air Force (7878844912).jpg
Vietnam People's Air Force Antonov An-26

Flag of Vietnam.svg  Vietnam

Flag of Yugoslavia (1946-1992).svg  Yugoslavia
Flag of Zambia.svg  Zambia

Civil operators

UTair Cargo An-26 at Pulkovo Airport UTair Cargo Antonov An-26.jpg
UTair Cargo An-26 at Pulkovo Airport
Polar Airlines An-26-100 at Yakutsk Airport Polar Airlines Antonov An-26-100 Sibille.jpg
Polar Airlines An-26-100 at Yakutsk Airport
RAF-Avia An-26B at Birmingham Airport YL-RAB (32751673280).jpg
RAF-Avia An-26B at Birmingham Airport
Flag of Belarus.svg  Belarus
Flag of Bulgaria.svg  Bulgaria
Flag of Colombia.svg  Colombia
Flag of Cuba.svg  Cuba
Flag of Denmark.svg  Denmark
Flag of Hungary.svg  Hungary
Flag of Latvia.svg  Latvia
Flag of Moldova.svg  Moldova
Flag of Peru.svg  Peru
Flag of the Philippines.svg  Philippines
Flag of Poland.svg  Poland
Flag of Russia.svg  Russia
Flag of Sudan.svg  Sudan
Flag of Tajikistan.svg  Tajikistan
Flag of Ukraine.svg  Ukraine
Flag of Venezuela.svg  Venezuela
AN-26 operators within Aeroflot and post break-up Commonwealth of Independent States (data from [86] )
UGA – (Upravleniye Grazhdanskoy Aviatsii – Civil Aviation Directorate)OAO – (Otdel'nyy Aviaotryad – independent flight detachment)LO – (Lyvotnyy Otryad – flight squad) / Aviaeskadril'ya – squadrons)Home BaseCIS (Commonwealth of Independent States) Airline)
Azerbaijan Baku 360th / 1st & 3rd squadronsBaku-Bina AZAL (no An-26s)
Belarusian Gomel' 105th / 2nd squadronGomel' Gomel'avia
1st Minsk 353rd / 2nd SquadronMinsk-Loshitsa (Minsk-1) Belavia;Minsk-Avia
Central Regions Bykovo 61st / 4th SquadronMoscow-Bykovo Bykovo Avia
Kursk Kursk Kurskavia
Tula 294thTula Tula Air Enterprise
East Siberian Chita 136th / 1st SquadronChita Chita Avia
Irkutsk 134thIrkutsk-1 Baikal Airlines
Far Eastern1st Khabarovsk 289thKhabarovsk Dalavia Far East Airlines Khabarovsk
Kamchatka CAPA / PetropavlovskPetropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky Air Enterprise
Sakhalin CAPA / Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk UAD147th Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk / Khomutvo Sakhalinskiye Aviatrassy
Komi Pechora Pechora Komiavia;Komiinteravia
Krasnoyarsk Igarka 251stIgarka
2nd Krasnoyarsk126thKrasnoyarsk-Severnyy Kras Air
Khatanga 221st / 2nd SquadronKhatanga
Leningrad 2nd Leningrad70th / 2nd SquadronLeningrad-RzhevkaRzhevka Air Enterprise
Pskov 320th / 2nd SquadronPskovPskov Avia
Lithuanian Vilnius 277thVilnius Lithuanian Airlines*
Magadan Anadyr' 150th / 2nd SquadronAnadyr'-Ugol'nyy Chukotavia
1st Magadan 185thMagadan-Sokol Kolyma-Avia
Seymchan Seymchan NW Aerial Forestry Protection Base
Moldavian Kishinyov 407thKishinyov Air Moldova
North Caucasian Krasnodar 241stKrasnodar ALK Kuban Airlines
1st Krasnodar 406thKrasnodar
Tajik Leninabad 292nd / 2nd SquadronLeninabad
Training Establishments Directorate KVLUGA (Kirovograd Civil Aviation Higher Flying School)Kirovograd Ukraine State Flight Academy
Turkmen Krasnovodsk 360thKrasnovodsk Turkmenistan Airlines/Khazar
Tyumen' Salekhard 234th / 5th SquadronSalekhard
2ndTyumen' 357thTyumen'-Roschchino Tyumen'AviaTrans (UTair)
Ukrainian Dnipropetrovsk 327thDnipropetrovsk-Volos'kie Dniproavia
Kirovograd Kirovograd-Khmelyovoye Air URGA
Simferopol 84thSimferopol Aviakompaniya Krym / Crimea AL
Urals Izhevsk Izhevsk Izhavia
Magnitogorsk Magnitogorsk Magnitogorsk Air Enterprise
1st Perm' Perm'-Bolshoye Savino Perm Airlines
1st Sverdlovsk Sverdlovsk-Kol'tsovo Ural Airlines [Yekaterinburg]
Volga Penza 396thPenza Penza Air Enterprise
Saransk Saransk Saransk Air Enterprise
West Siberian Barnaul 341stBarnaul Barnaul Air Enterprise
Kemerovo 196thKemerovo
Novokuznetsk 184thNovokuznetsk Aerokuznetsk
Omsk 365thOmsk Omsk-Avia
Tolmachevo 448thNovosibirsk-Tolmachevo Sibir'
Tomsk 119thTomsk Tomsk Avia
Yakutian Kolyma-Indigirka Cherskiy?
Mirnyy 190thMirnyy Almazy Rossii – Sakha (Alrosa)
Yakutsk 139th / 3rd SquadronYakutsk
GosNII GVF (Gosudarstvenny Nauchno-Issledovatel'skiy Institut Grazdahnskovo Vozdushnovo Flota – state scientific test institute for civil air fleet) Moscow - Sheremet'yevo-1

*note: Lithuania was not a CIS country.

Accidents and incidents

Sudan Air Force Antonov An-26-100 crash-landed in 1997 at the airstrip of Gogrial. The plane was hit by SPLA-fire and had to make an emergency landing. Sudan Air Force Antonov An-26-100 MTI-1.jpg
Sudan Air Force Antonov An-26-100 crash-landed in 1997 at the airstrip of Gogrial. The plane was hit by SPLA-fire and had to make an emergency landing.

1970s

1980s

1990s

2000s

2010s

2020s

Aircraft on display

An-26 "52+09" at Berlin-Gatow Airforce Museum Berlin-Gatow 418.JPG
An-26 "52+09" at Berlin-Gatow
Former Lithuanian Air Force An-26B in early 1990s paintscheme, Kaunas Aleksotas (EYKS) airfield Antonov An-24.jpg
Former Lithuanian Air Force An-26B in early 1990s paintscheme, Kaunas Aleksotas (EYKS) airfield

Specifications

Data from Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1988–89 [192]

General characteristics

Performance

See also

Related development

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era

Related lists

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References

Citations

  1. Gordon, Komissarov & Komissarov 2003, p. 44
  2. 1 2 Gordon, Yefim. Komissarov, Dmitry & Sergey. "Antonov's Turboprop Twins". Hinkley. Midland. 2003. ISBN   978-1-85780-153-8
  3. 1 2 Gordon, Komissarov & Komissarov 2003 , pp. 27, 41
  4. Gordon, Komissarov & Komissarov 2003 , pp. 41–42
  5. Taylor, John W.R. (1974). Jane's Pocket Book of Military Transport and Training Aircraft. New York: Collier Books. p. 33.
  6. 1 2 3 4 Gordon, Komissarov & Komissarov 2003 , p. 58
  7. "Антонов Ан-26". Archived from the original on 23 October 2015. Retrieved 1 November 2015.
  8. ereeves (5 February 2015). "The infamous Antonov (An-24 and An-26) cargo planes/crude retrofitted bombers". Sudan Research, Analysis, and Advocacy. Archived from the original on 5 April 2015. Retrieved 14 August 2015.
  9. "The Aviationist » Russian warplanes used practice bombs with "To Berlin!" and "For Stalin" slogans during Baltic drills". The Aviationist. 14 August 2015. Archived from the original on 14 August 2015. Retrieved 14 August 2015.
  10. https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1977-80v12/d5
  11. "AAF retires An-26 aircraft after 30 years of use". U.S. Air Forces Central. 26 December 2010. Retrieved 17 March 2024.
  12. Archives, L. A. Times (9 February 1987). "Soviet-Made Plane Downed by Afghan Rebels; 43 Dead : Missile Used in Attack". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 17 March 2024.
  13. Gordon, Komissarov & Komissarov 2003 , p. 47
  14. 1 2 3 Gordon, Komissarov & Komissarov 2003 , p. 54
  15. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Gordon, Komissarov & Komissarov 2003 , p. 53
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