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The Peace of Augsburg, also called the Augsburg Settlement, was a treaty between Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, and the Schmalkaldic League, signed on 25 September 1555 in the German city of Augsburg. It officially ended the religious struggle between the two groups and made the legal division of Christianity permanent within the Holy Roman Empire, allowing rulers to choose either Lutheranism or Roman Catholicism as the official confession of their state. Calvinism was not allowed until the Peace of Westphalia.
Cuius regio, eius religio is a Latin phrase which literally means "whose realm, their religion" – meaning that the religion of the ruler was to dictate the religion of those ruled. This legal principle marked a major development in the collective freedom of religion within Western civilization. Before tolerance of individual religious divergences became accepted, most statesmen and political theorists took it for granted that religious diversity weakened a state – and particularly weakened ecclesiastically-transmitted control and monitoring in a state. The principle of "cuius regio" was a compromise in the conflict between this paradigm of statecraft and the emerging trend toward religious pluralism developing throughout the German-speaking lands of the Holy Roman Empire. It permitted assortative migration of adherents to two religious groups, Roman Catholic and Lutheran, eliding other confessions.
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Lutheranism as a religious movement originated in the early 16th century Holy Roman Empire as an attempt to reform the Catholic Church. The movement originated with the call for a public debate regarding several issues within the Catholic Church by Martin Luther, then a professor of Bible at the young University of Wittenberg. Lutheranism soon became a wider religious and political movement within the Holy Roman Empire owing to support from key electors and the widespread adoption of the printing press. This movement soon spread throughout northern Europe and became the driving force behind the wider Protestant Reformation. Today, Lutheranism has spread from Europe to all six populated continents.
The Augsburg Confession, also known as the Augustan Confession or the Augustana from its Latin name, Confessio Augustana, is the primary confession of faith of the Lutheran Church and one of the most important documents of the Protestant Reformation. The Augsburg Confession was written in both German and Latin and was presented by a number of German rulers and free-cities at the Diet of Augsburg on 25 June 1530.
Published in 1581, the Harmonia confessionum fidei was an early attempt at Protestant comparative dogmatics or symbolics.
Johannes Aepinus (1499–1553) was a German Lutheran theologian, the first Superintendent of Hamburg from 1532 to 1553, presiding as spiritual leader over the Lutheran state church of Hamburg.
The French Confession of Faith (1559) or Confession de La Rochelle or Gallic Confession of Faith is a Reformed confession of faith.
References
- 1 2 3 Schaff, Philip (ed.). "Creeds of Christendom, Volume III. The Creeds of the Evangelical Protestant Churches". www.ccel.org. Retrieved 2024-04-18.
It is, to a certain extent, also the Confession of the Reformed and the so-called Union Churches, in Germany,
- ↑ Corpus reformatorum (in Latin). Vol. XXVI. C.A. Schwetschke. 1858. p. 357.
- 1 2 Reu, Johann Michael (1930). The Augsburg confession; a collection of sources with an historical introduction. Internet Archive. Chicago, Ill., Wartburg Pub. House. pp. 152–153.
- ↑ "Philip Schaff: Creeds of Christendom, with a History and Critical notes. Volume I. The History of Creeds. - Christian Classics Ethereal Library". ccel.org. § 41. The Augsburg Confession, 1530. pp. 235–236. Retrieved 2024-04-12.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: location (link) - ↑ Hauschild, W.-D. (2007). The importance of the Augsburg Confession in German Protestantism between 1530 and 1980 (from the Lutheran point of view). 104. 172-206.
