Beijing Capital International Airport

Last updated

Beijing Capital International Airport

北京首都国际机场
BeijingCAH.svg
BCIA Aerial.jpg
Terminal 3 in front, Terminal 1 and 2 at the back
Summary
Airport typePublic
Owner/Operator Beijing Capital International Airport Company Limited
Serves Jing-Jin-Ji
Location Shunyi, Beijing, China
Opened1 March 1958;66 years ago (1958-03-01)
Hub for
Focus city for
Elevation  AMSL 116 ft / 35 m
Coordinates 40°04′21″N116°35′51″E / 40.07250°N 116.59750°E / 40.07250; 116.59750
Website www.bcia.com.cn
en.bcia.com.cn
Maps
Beijing Capital International Airport
China Beijing adm location map.svg
Airplane silhouette.svg
PEK/ZBAA
Location in Beijing
China edcp location map.svg
Airplane silhouette.svg
PEK/ZBAA
Location in China
Runways
Direction LengthSurface
mft
18L/36R3,81012,500 Asphalt
18R/36L3,44511,302Asphalt
01/193,81012,500 Concrete [1]
Statistics (2023)
Passengers52,879,156
Aircraft movements379,710
Tonnes of cargo1,115,908
Economic & social impact$6.5 billion & 571.7 thousand [2]

Beijing Capital International Airport( IATA : PEK, ICAO : ZBAA) is one of two international airports serving Beijing, the capital of China (the other one being Beijing Daxing International Airport).

Contents

The airport is located 32 km (20 mi) northeast of Beijing's city center, in an exclave of Chaoyang and the surroundings of that exclave in suburban Shunyi. [5] The airport is owned and operated by the Beijing Capital International Airport Company Limited, a state-controlled company. The airport's IATA Airport code, PEK, is based on the city's former romanized name, Peking.

Beijing Capital has rapidly ascended in rankings of the world's busiest airports in the past decade. It overtook Tokyo-Haneda Airport as the busiest airport in Asia in terms of passenger traffic and total traffic movements in 2009, and was the world's second busiest airport in terms of passenger traffic, behind Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport, from 2010 to 2019. The airport registered 557,167 aircraft movements (takeoffs and landings), ranking 6th in the world in 2012. [3] In terms of cargo traffic, Beijing airport has also witnessed rapid growth. By 2012, the airport had become the 13th busiest airport in the world by cargo traffic, registering 1,787,027 metric tons (1,758,804 long tons; 1,969,860 short tons). [3]

The facility covers an area of 3,657 acres (14.8km2) of airport property. [6]

History

Capital Airport in 1959 Beijing Capital International Airport in 1959.jpg
Capital Airport in 1959
Beijing Airports Beijing Airports.png
Beijing Airports

Terminal 2

Terminal 2 opened on 1 November 1999, with a floor area of 336,000 m2 (3,620,000 sq ft). [13] This terminal was used to replace Terminal 1 while the latter was undergoing renovation, cramping all airlines despite being far bigger than Terminal 1. It can handle twenty aircraft at docks connecting directly to the terminal building. Prior to the opening of Terminal 3, all international flights (and the majority of domestic flights) operated from this terminal. This terminal now houses Hainan Airlines (all international, Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan flights), SkyTeam with the exception of China Airlines, which uses Terminal 3, Oneworld member SriLankan Airlines, Air Koryo, and other domestic and international flights other than those operated by Shanghai Airlines, Star Alliance members and Oneworld members. A gate capable of handling the A380 (gate 21) was also built at the terminal. Star Alliance member Air China also uses Terminal 2 for some of its domestic flights. [16]

Terminals 1 and 2 are linked by a public walkway that takes about 10–15 minutes to traverse.

Terminal 3

Construction of Terminal 3 started on 28 March 2004, and the terminal opened in two stages. Trial operations commenced on 29 February 2008, when seven airlines including El Al, Qantas, Qatar Airways, Shandong Airlines and Sichuan Airlines moved into the terminal. Twenty other airlines followed when the terminal became fully operational on 26 March 2008. [17] Currently, it mainly houses Air China, Star Alliance, Oneworld with the exception of SriLankan Airlines, which uses Terminal 2, SkyTeam member China Airlines, and other domestic and international flights that are not operated from Terminal 2. Star Alliance members LOT Polish Airlines, Scandinavian Airlines, Lufthansa, Austrian Airlines, United Airlines, Air Canada, Turkish Airlines, Thai Airways International, Singapore Airlines, All Nippon Airways, Asiana Airlines, and Air China use Terminal 3-E as part of the Move Under One Roof program to co-locate alliance members.

Terminal 3 was designed by a consortium of Netherlands Airport Consultants (NACO), Foster and Partners, Arup and the Beijing Institute of Architectural Design (BIAD). Lighting was designed by UK lighting architects Speirs and Major Associates. The budget for the expansion is US$3.5 billion. Much larger in size and scale than the other two terminals, Terminal 3 was the largest airport terminal-building complex in the world to be built in a single phase, with 986,000 m2 (10,610,000 sq ft) in total floor area at its opening. [13] It features a main passenger terminal (Terminal 3C) and two satellite concourses (Terminal 3D and Terminal 3E), all of the five floors above ground and two underground, with the letters "A and B" omitted to avoid confusion with the existing Terminals 1 and 2. Only two concourses were initially opened, namely, Terminal 3C dedicated for domestic flights and Terminal 3E for international flights. Terminal 3D officially opened on 18 April 2013. The newly opened concourse is temporarily used solely by Air China for some of its domestic flights. [18]

At the time of its opening, Terminal 3 was the largest airport passenger terminal building in the world. Its title as the world's largest passenger terminal was surrendered on 14 October 2008 to Dubai International Airport's Terminal 3, which has 1,713,000 m2 (18,440,000 sq ft) of floor space.

On 20 July 2013, a man in a wheelchair detonated small homemade explosives in Terminal 3 of the Beijing International Airport. The bomber, reported to be Ji Zhongxing, was injured and taken to a hospital for his injuries. No other people were hurt. [19] [20]

System, security and luggage

Beijing Capital International Airport
Simplified Chinese 北京 首都 国际 机场
Traditional Chinese 北京 首都 國際 機場
Terminal 3 baggage claim hall Baggage carousel 31 at ZBAA T3 (20190717163111).jpg
Terminal 3 baggage claim hall

Terminal 3 has a 300,000 m2 (3,200,000 sq ft) transportation hub with a 7,000-car garage. The transportation center has designated traffic lanes for airport buses, taxis, and private vehicles. Travelers bound for T3 can exit their vehicles and enter T3 within five minutes. There is also a station for the Capital Airport Express of the Beijing Subway.

Terminal 3 has 243 elevators, escalators or moving walkways.

One of Terminal 3's highlights is the US$240 million luggage-transfer systems. The luggage system is equipped with yellow carts, each of which has a code that matches the bar code on every piece of luggage loaded and allows easy and accurate tracking. More than 200 cameras are used to monitor activities in the luggage area.

The luggage system can handle 19,200 pieces of luggage per hour. After luggage is checked in at any of the 292 counters in Terminal 3C, it can be transferred at a speed of ten meters per second. Hence, a suitcase can travel from T3C to T3E in five minutes. Arriving passengers should be able to begin retrieving their luggage within 4.5 minutes after airplanes are unloaded.

Besides X-ray scanners, additional equipment is used to conduct baggage screening. Passengers will be able to check-in their luggage at the airport from several hours to even a day before their flights. The airport will store the luggage in its luggage system and then load it on the correct aircraft.

The control tower at Beijing Capital International Airport Beijing Capital International Airport BCIA Control Tower.jpg
The control tower at Beijing Capital International Airport

Appearance

The highest building at the airport, a 98.3 m (323 ft) monitoring tower, stands at the southern end of T3. The roof of T3 is red, the Chinese color for good luck. The terminal's ceilings use white strips for decoration and to indicate directions. Under the white strips, the basic color of the ceiling is orange with light to dark tones indicating where a passenger is inside the building. The roof is light orange in the center. The color deepens as the roof extends to the sides in T3E and goes the other way round in T3C.

The roof of T3 has dozens of triangular windows to let in the daylight. Light angles can be adjusted to ensure adequate interior lighting. Many traditional Chinese elements will be employed in the terminal's interior decoration, including a "Menhai", a big copper vat used to store water for fighting fires in the Forbidden City, and the carvings imitating the famous Nine-Dragon Wall.

An indoor garden in the T3E waiting area is built in the style of imperial gardens such as the Summer Palace. In T3C, a tunnel landscape of an underground garden has been finished with plants on each side so that passengers can appreciate them inside the mini-train. [21]

Facilities

Hilton Beijing Capital Airport Hilton Beijing Capital Airport (20200526161425).jpg
Hilton Beijing Capital Airport

The T3 food-service area is called a "global kitchen," where 72 stores provide food ranging from formal dishes to fast food, from Chinese to Western, and from bakery goods to ice cream. Airport officials have promised that people who buy products at the airport will find the same prices in central Beijing. In addition to food and beverage areas, there is a 16,200 m2 (174,000 sq ft) domestic retail area, a 12,600 m2 (136,000 sq ft) duty-free-store area and a nearly 7,200 m2 (78,000 sq ft) convenience-service area, which includes banks, business centers, Internet services and more. At 45,200 m2 (487,000 sq ft), the commercial area is twice the size of Beijing's Lufthansa Shopping Center.

The terminal provides 72 aerobridges or jetways and is further complemented with remote parking bays that bring the total number of gates to 150. Terminal 3 comes with an additional runway. It increases BCIA's total capacity by 72 million passengers per year to approximately 90 million. [22]

Airbus A380

The terminal has gates and a nearby runway that can handle the Airbus A380. This capability was proven when Singapore Airlines briefly offered A380 flights to Beijing in August 2008 during the Summer Olympics. Emirates started its scheduled daily operation to Dubai on 1 August 2010. Singapore Airlines has been using an A380 since June 2014 and increased to two A380s in 2015. China Southern Airlines operated two flights to Guangzhou Baiyun Airport, Chongqing Jiangbei Airport, and Amsterdam Schiphol Airport starting from 2011, 2013, and 2015 before retiring them in 2023. Lufthansa has been using these facilities since October 2010 to handle up to five A380 flights per week.

Airlines and destinations

Passenger

AirlinesDestinations
Air Algérie Algiers
Air Astana Almaty
Air China Aksu, Astana, Athens, Auckland, Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Baotou, Barcelona, Beihai, Budapest, Busan, Changchun, Changsha, Changzhi, Changzhou, Chengdu–Shuangliu, Chengdu–Tianfu, Chiang Mai, Chita, Chongqing, Copenhagen, Dali, Dalian, Dandong, Daqing, Dazhou, Dubai–International, Dunhuang, Frankfurt, Fukuoka, Fuyang, Fuyuan, Fuzhou, Geneva, Guangyuan, Guangzhou, Guilin, Guiyang, Haikou, Hailar, Hami, Hangzhou, Hanoi, [23] Harbin, Havana, [24] Hefei, Hengyang, Hiroshima, Ho Chi Minh City, Hong Kong, Hotan, Huai'an, Huizhou, Islamabad, Istanbul, [25] Jakarta–Soekarno-Hatta, Jeju, Jiamusi, [26] Jiansanjiang, Jieyang, Jingdezhen, Jinggangshan, Johannesburg–O.R. Tambo, Karachi, Karamay, Kashgar, Korla, Kuala Lumpur–International, Kunming, Lanzhou, Lhasa, Lianyungang, [27] Lijiang, Linfen, London–Gatwick (resumes 1 June 2024), [28] London–Heathrow, Los Angeles, Lüliang, Madrid, Manila, Manzhouli, Melbourne, Mianyang, Milan–Malpensa, Minsk, Moscow–Sheremetyevo, Mudanjiang, Munich, Nagoya–Centrair, Naha, Nanchang, Nanjing, Nanning, Nantong, New York–JFK, Ningbo, Nyingchi, Ordos, Osaka–Kansai, Paris–Charles de Gaulle, Phnom Penh, Phuket, Qingdao, Qiqihar, Quzhou, [29] Riyadh, [30] Rome–Fiumicino, San Francisco, [31] Sanya, São Paulo–Guarulhos, [32] Sapporo–Chitose, Sendai, Seoul–Gimpo, Seoul–Incheon, Shanghai–Hongqiao, Shanghai–Pudong, Shangrao, Shaoyang, Shenyang, Shenzhen, Shihezi, Shiyan, Singapore, Songyuan, Stockholm–Arlanda, Sydney, Taipei–Taoyuan, Taiyuan, Taizhou, Tokyo–Haneda, Tokyo–Narita, Tonghua, Tumxuk, Ulaanbaatar, Ulanhot, Ürümqi, Vancouver, Vienna, Warsaw–Chopin, Washington–Dulles, [33] Weihai, Wenzhou, Wuhan, Xiamen, Xi'an, Xichang, Xilinhot, Xining, Yan'an, Yancheng, Yangon, Yangzhou, Yanji, Yantai, Yibin, Yichang, Yichun (Jiangxi), Yinchuan, Yining, Yiwu, Yuncheng, Zhangjiajie, Zhanjiang, Zhengzhou, Zhuhai, Zunyi–Maotai
Air China Inner Mongolia Bayannur, [34] Beihai, [34] Guiyang, [34] Hohhot, [34] Ningbo, [34] Ordos, [34] Tongliao, [34] Weihai, [34] Xi'an, [34] Yantai, [34] Zhuhai [34]
Air France Paris–Charles de Gaulle
Air Koryo Pyongyang
Air Macau Macau
All Nippon Airways Osaka–Kansai, Tokyo–Haneda
Asiana Airlines Seoul–Gimpo, [35] Seoul–Incheon
Azerbaijan Airlines Baku [36]
Cathay Pacific Hong Kong
China Airlines Taipei–Taoyuan
China Eastern Airlines Shanghai–Hongqiao
Dalian Airlines Changsha, [37] Dalian, [37] Ganzhou, [37] Huangshan, [37] Liuzhou, [37] Nanning, [37] Ningbo, [38] Xiamen, [37] Xi'an [37]
Egyptair Cairo
Emirates Dubai–International
Ethiopian Airlines Addis Ababa
EVA Air Taipei–Taoyuan
Grand China Air Guilin, Hailar, Harbin, Jiujiang, [27] Manzhouli, Yinchuan
Hainan Airlines Anqing, Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Belgrade, Berlin, Boston, [39] Brussels, Changchun, Changsha, Chengdu–Shuangliu, Chongqing, Dalian, Dongying, Dublin, [40] Fuzhou, Guangzhou, Guilin, Guiyang, Haikou, Hangzhou, Harbin, Holingol, Irkutsk, [41] Jiamusi, Jixi, [42] Kunming, Langzhong, [43] Lanzhou, Longnan, [27] Manchester, Manzhouli, Moscow–Sheremetyevo, Mudanjiang, Nanchang, Nanning, [44] Osaka–Kansai, Phuket, Prague (resumes 24 June 2024), [45] Qianjiang, [46] Qingyang, [27] Qionghai, Saint Petersburg, Sanya, Seattle/Tacoma, [47] Shanghai–Hongqiao, Shanghai–Pudong, Shenzhen, Taipei–Taoyuan, Tel Aviv (suspended), Tokyo–Narita, Ürümqi, Wenzhou, Wuhai, Wuhan, Xiamen, Xi'an, Xishuangbanna, Yan'an, Yichang, Yinchuan, Yueyang, [48] Yulin (Shaanxi)
Seasonal: Edinburgh [49]
Hong Kong Airlines Hong Kong
Iraqi Airways Baghdad, Basra [50]
Japan Airlines Tokyo–Haneda
Jeju Air Jeju
Jiangxi Air Nanchang
KLM Amsterdam
Korean Air Jeju, Seoul–Gimpo, Seoul–Incheon
Kunming Airlines Kunming
Loong Air Hangzhou
LOT Polish Airlines Warsaw–Chopin (resumes 2 June 2024) [51]
Lucky Air Kunming
Lufthansa Frankfurt, Munich
Mahan Air Tehran–Imam Khomeini
MIAT Mongolian Airlines Ulaanbaatar
Pakistan International Airlines Islamabad
Philippine Airlines Manila
Shandong Airlines Fuzhou, Qingdao, Xiamen, Yantai, Zhuhai
Shenzhen Airlines Chengdu–Shuangliu, Nanning, [44] Nantong, Quanzhou, Shenzhen, Wuxi, Xiangyang, Yichun (Jiangxi)
Sichuan Airlines Cairo, Chengdu–Shuangliu, Chengdu–Tianfu, Chongqing, Kunming, Mianyang, [27] Sanya, Wanzhou, Wuyishan, Xichang, Xishuangbanna, [27] Yibin, [52] Zhongwei
Singapore Airlines Singapore
Thai Airways International Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi
Tibet Airlines Chengdu–Shuangliu, [53] Lhasa, Qamdo [53]
Turkish Airlines Istanbul
Turkmenistan Airlines Ashgabat
United Airlines San Francisco [54]
Uzbekistan Airways Tashkent
Vietnam Airlines Hanoi, Nha Trang

Cargo

AirlinesDestinations
AirBridgeCargo Moscow–Sheremetyevo
Air China Cargo Amsterdam, Anchorage, Atlanta, Chicago–O'Hare, Frankfurt, Los Angeles, Munich, [55] Nanjing, New York–JFK, Paris–Charles de Gaulle, Seoul–Incheon, Shanghai–Pudong, Tokyo–Narita, Taipei–Taoyuan
Air Koryo Cargo Pyongyang
Asiana Cargo Seoul–Incheon
Cargolux Luxembourg
China Airlines Cargo Taipei–Taoyuan
China Cargo Airlines Shanghai–Pudong
China Postal Airlines Guangzhou, Hangzhou, Nanjing, Seoul-Incheon, Shanghai–Pudong, Shenzhen
DHL Aviation
operated by Air Hong Kong
Hong Kong
EVA Air Cargo Taipei–Taoyuan
Etihad Cargo Abu Dhabi, Almaty [56]
FedEx Express Osaka–Kansai, Paris–Charles de Gaulle, [57] Seoul–Incheon, Shanghai–Pudong
Garuda Cargo Jakarta–Soekarno-Hatta
Korean Air Cargo Seoul–Incheon
Lufthansa Cargo Frankfurt
SF Airlines Guangzhou, Hangzhou, Macau, Shanghai–Pudong, Shenzhen, Wuxi
Singapore Airlines Cargo Singapore
Suparna Airlines Cargo Hangzhou, Shanghai–Pudong, Shenzhen

Ground transportation

Intraterminal transportation

Terminal 3 consists of three sub-concourses. Both domestic and international travellers check in at concourse T3C. Gates for domestic flights are in T3C, and gates for domestic flights operated by Air China are also located in concourse T3D. All international, Hong Kong, and Macau, and Taiwan flights are handled in concourse T3E.

In conjunction with the construction of the new terminal, Bombardier Transportation installed a 2 km (1.2 mi) automated people mover which connects T3C and T3E via T3D in a 2–5-minute one-way trip. [58] The line uses Innovia APM 100 vehicles running at 6-minute intervals at a maximum speed of 55 kilometers per hour (34 mph). [59]

New Innovia APM 300 vehicles is being delivered to Beijing Capital International Airport Terminal 3 People Mover in July 2021. [60]

Interterminal transportation

Interterminal Shuttle Bus (landside) A04396D at ZBAA T3 (20211229135807).jpg
Interterminal Shuttle Bus (landside)

The airport provides a free interterminal shuttle bus between Terminals 1/2 and 3. They operate every 10 minutes from 6 am to 11 pm, and every 30 minutes from 11 pm until 6 am. Terminals 1 and 2 are connected by a lengthy corridor.

Rail

Beijing Capital International Airport is served by the Capital Airport Express, a dedicated rail link operated as part of the Beijing Subway system. The 30.0 km (18.6 mi) line runs from Terminal 3 to Terminal 2 and then to the city with stops at Sanyuanqiao and Dongzhimen before ending at Beixinqiao. The line opened on 19 July 2008, in time for the 2008 Summer Olympics, while a one-stop extension to Beixinqiao station was opened on 31 December 2021. [61] A one-way trip takes approximately 16–20 minutes. [62]

Bus

An airport bus at Terminal 3 A05065D at ZBAA T3 GTC (20220225153037).jpg
An airport bus at Terminal 3

There are 18 bus routes to and from points throughout the city including Xidan, Beijing railway station, Beijing South railway station, Beijing West railway station, Zhongguancun, Fangzhuang and Shangdi. The airport buses run to each of the three terminals and cost up to ¥30 per ride depending on the route. The airport buses accept only paper tickets that are sold at each terminal and certain bus stops in the city. The airport also offers intercity bus services to and from neighboring cities including Tianjin, Qinhuangdao, Baoding, Langfang and Tangshan.

Car

The airport is accessible by four expresses tollways, two of which run directly from northeastern Beijing to the airport. The other two connect to the airport from nearby highways.

Accolades

Rankings
TrafficRankYear
List of airports by passenger traffic 22014
List of airports by traffic movements 52014
List of airports by cargo traffic 122014

Statistics

Annual passenger traffic at PEK airport. See Wikidata query.
Traffic by calendar year
YearPassenger volumeChange from previous yearAircraft operationsCargo
(tons)
2007 [67] 53,611,747399,2091,416,211.3
2008 [67] 55,938,136Increase2.svg4.3%429,6461,367,710.3
2009 [68] 65,375,095Increase2.svg16.9%487,9181,475,656.8
2010 [69] 73,948,114Increase2.svg13.1%517,5851,551,471.6
2011 [70] 78,674,513Increase2.svg6.4%533,1661,640,231.8
2012 [3] 81,929,359Increase2.svg4.1%557,1671,787,027
2013 [71] 83,712,355Increase2.svg2.2%567,7591,843,681
2014 [72] 86,128,313Increase2.svg2.9%581,9521,848,251
201589,900,000Increase2.svg4.4%594,7851,843,543
201694,393,000Increase2.svg5.6%606,0861,831,167
201795,786,296Increase2.svg1.5%597,2592,029,583
2018100,983,290Increase2.svg5.4%614,0222,074,005
2019 [73] 100,013,642Decrease2.svg1.0%594,0001,955,286
2020 [74] 34,513,827Decrease2.svg65.5%291,4981,210,441
2021 [75] 32,639,013Decrease2.svg5.4%297,1761,401,313
202212,703,342Decrease2.svg61.1%157,630988,675
2023 [76] 52,879,156Increase2.svg316.3%379,7101,115,908

Other facilities

Beijing Capital Airlines has its headquarters in the Capital Airlines Building (首都航空大厦; Shǒudū Hángkōng Dàshà) at the airport. [77] [78]

Accidents and incidents at or near PEK

On December 5, 1968, the airport was the site of two fatal accidents in less than 24 hours;

On August 27, 2019, an Air China Airbus A330 caught fire while parked at the gate during boarding. All 161 passengers and crew evacuated safely, but the aircraft was substantially damaged and written off. [81]

Sister airports

See also

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Jieyang Chaoshan International Airport is an international airport serving the cities of Jieyang, Shantou and Chaozhou in South Central China‘s Guangdong province. It is located in the towns of Paotai and Denggang in Jiedong District, Jieyang, Guangdong. It was part of a relocation plan from the original Shantou Waisha Airport, and the site was chosen to be near the geographic center of Jieyang, Shantou, and Chaozhou. The airport was put into service on 15 December 2011, with the simultaneous shut-down of Shantou Waisha Airport as a commercial airport.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Qionghai Bo'ao Airport</span> Airport in Zhongyuan, Qionghai

Qionghai Boao Airport is an airport serving the city of Qionghai in Hainan Province, China. The airport received approval from the national government in January 2013, and was opened on 17 March 2016 after three years of construction.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chengdu Tianfu International Airport</span> Airport serving Chengdu, Sichuan, China

Chengdu Tianfu International Airport is one of two international airports serving Chengdu, the capital of Sichuan province in Southwestern China.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Qingdao Jiaodong International Airport</span> Airport serving Qingdao, Shandong, China

Qingdao Jiaodong International Airport is an international airport serving the city of Qingdao in East China’s Shandong province. It received approval in December 2013, and replaced Qingdao Liuting International Airport as the city's main airport. It is located in Jiaodong, Jiaozhou, 39 kilometres (24 mi) from the center of Qingdao. The airport opened on 12 August 2021 and is currently the largest airport in Shandong, capable of handling 35 million passengers annually.

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