Blue Suede Shoes

Last updated

"Blue Suede Shoes"
Carl-perkins-blue-suede-shoes-1956-78-s-removebg-preview.png
Single by Carl Perkins
B-side "Honey Don't"
ReleasedJanuary 1956 (1956-01) [1]
RecordedDecember 19, 1955
Studio Memphis Recording Service, Memphis, Tennessee
Genre Rockabilly, rock and roll
Length2:14
Label Sun
Songwriter(s) Carl Perkins
Producer(s) Sam Phillips
Carl Perkins singles chronology
"Gone, Gone, Gone"
(1955)		"Blue Suede Shoes"
(1956)		"Tennessee"
(1956)
Audio
"Blue Suede Shoes" Video on YouTube

"Blue Suede Shoes" is a rock and roll standard written and first recorded by American singer, songwriter and guitarist Carl Perkins in 1955. It is considered one of the first rockabilly records, incorporating elements of blues, country and pop music of the time. Perkins' original version of the song appeared on the Cashbox Best Selling Singles list for 16 weeks and spent two weeks at the number two position. [2]

Contents

Elvis Presley recorded "Blue Suede Shoes" in 1956 and it appears as the opening track of his eponymous debut album Elvis Presley . Presley performed his version of the song three different times on national television. It was also recorded by Buddy Holly and Eddie Cochran, among many others.

Background

Shoes in Elvis exhibit similar to those that inspired the song Inspiration for the song "Blue Suede Shoes".jpg
Shoes in Elvis exhibit similar to those that inspired the song

There are differing accounts about the origin of the song. In his second autobiography Cash: The Autobiography , Johnny Cash recalled planting the seed for the song in the fall of 1955, while Perkins, Cash, Elvis Presley and other Louisiana Hayride acts toured throughout the South. Cash told Perkins of a black airman, C. V. White, whom he had met when serving in the military in Germany, who had referred to his military regulation airmen's shoes as "blue suede shoes", and insisted that no one step on or scuff them. [3] Cash suggested that Perkins write a song about the shoes. Perkins replied, "I don't know anything about shoes. How can I write a song about shoes?" [4]

In another version, Perkins played a dance on December 4, 1955, and noticed a couple dancing near the stage. Between songs, he heard the boy scold his partner, "Uh-uh, don't step on my suedes!" Looking down, he saw that the boy was wearing blue suede shoes and one had a scuff mark. Perkins was amused to see that the boy cared more about his shoes than the pretty girl he was with, and began working on a song about the incident that night. [5]

In either case, Perkins decided to use a nursery rhyme for the basis of the song, settling on "One for the Money". Working with his Les Paul guitar, Perkins started with an A chord and improvised some lyrics: "Well, it's one for the money ... Two for the show ... Three to get ready ... Now go, man, go!" [6] Satisfied, he scribbled the song onto some scrap paper, spelling the title as "Blue Swade" in his haste. [7] According to Perkins, "On December 17, 1955, I wrote 'Blue Suede Shoes'. I recorded it on December 19", for Sun Records. [8] [9] Sun's producer, Sam Phillips, convinced Perkins to change the lyric from "go, boy, go" in the first take of the song to "go, cat, go" in the second, which became the release version. [10]

Release and sales

1956 sheet music cover, Hill & Range, New York Bluesuedeshoes.jpg
1956 sheet music cover, Hill & Range, New York

Perkins' recording of "Blue Suede Shoes" was released in early 1956, as Sun 234. Two copies of the song on 78-rpm records were sent to Perkins but arrived broken. He soon discovered that the song was available in the newer 7-inch microgrooved 45-rpm format and was disappointed that he didn't have a copy in the older, more substantial 78-rpm format. [11]

In Cleveland, Ohio, disc jockey Bill Randle played "Blue Suede Shoes" often on his nightly show, and before the end of the month, Phillips shipped an additional 25,000 copies to Cleveland. In Memphis and Jackson, where Perkins lived, the song's B-side, "Honey Don't", was initially more popular on the radio, but was eventually overtaken by "Blue Suede Shoes". [11] On February 11, "Blue Suede Shoes" was the number two single on Memphis charts; by the following week it was number one, a position it held for the next three months. [12] A Song Hits review of the song, published on February 18, stated that "Perkins has come up with some wax here that has hit the national retail chart in almost record time. Interestingly enough, the disk has a measure of appeal for pop and r&b customers." [13]

Perkins made four appearances on the radio program Big D Jamboree [12] on station KRLD (AM) in Dallas, [14] where he played the song every Saturday night. He was also booked for a number of one-night performances throughout the Southwest. The Jamboree was broadcast from the Dallas Sportatorium, with about 4,000 seats, which sold out for each of Perkins' performances. Music shops in Dallas ordered a huge number of copies of the record, [15] and at one point it was being shipped out at a rate of 20,000 copies per day. [16]

On March 17, Perkins became the first country artist to reach the number three spot on the rhythm and blues charts. [17] That night, Perkins and his band first performed "Blue Suede Shoes" on television, on ABC-TV's Ozark Jubilee [18] (coincidentally, Presley was on Stage Show on CBS-TV that same night, for which he also performed the song).

Perkins was booked to appear on The Perry Como Show on NBC-TV on March 24, but on March 22 he and his band were involved in a serious automobile crash on the way to New York City, resulting in the death of a truck driver and the hospitalization of both Perkins and his brother. While Perkins recuperated from his injuries, "Blue Suede Shoes" rose to number one on most pop, R&B and country regional charts. "I was a poor farm boy, and with 'Shoes' I felt I had a chance but suddenly there I was in the hospital", Perkins recalled bitterly. [19] [20] It also held the number two position on the Billboard Hot 100 and country charts. Presley's "Heartbreak Hotel" held the number one position on the pop and country charts, while "Shoes" did better than "Heartbreak" on the R&B charts. [21]

Perkins never attained the stardom of Presley, who, according to Perkins, "had everything. He had the looks, the moves, the manager, and the talent. And he didn't look like Mr. Ed, like a lot of us did, Elvis was hitting them with sideburns, flashy clothes, and no ring on the finger. I had three kids." After Presley hit the chart with his version of "Blue Suede Shoes", Perkins became known more for his songwriting than for his performing. [22]

By mid-April, more than one million copies of "Shoes" had been sold, [23] earning Perkins a gold record. [24] "Blue Suede Shoes" was the first million-selling country song to cross over to both the rhythm and blues and pop charts. [25] He became the first Sun Records performer to reach this milestone.

Sam Phillips retained the rights to "Blue Suede Shoes", although it was represented by the New York house of Hill & Range as part of the agreement when Phillips sold Presley's contract. Perkins acquired the rights to the song, along with all of his other songs recorded for Sun Records, in 1977. [26]

Paul McCartney and his company MPL Communications purchased the rights to "Blue Suede Shoes" and other Perkins' songs in 2003. [27]

Elvis Presley rendition

"Blue Suede Shoes"
Elvis-presley-blue-suede-shoes-rca-victor-3-s-removebg-preview.png
Single by Elvis Presley
from the album Elvis Presley
B-side "Tutti Frutti"
ReleasedSeptember 8, 1956 (1956-09-08)
RecordedJanuary 30, 1956
Studio RCA Victor Studios
Genre Rock and roll, rockabilly
Length1:58
Label RCA Victor
Songwriter(s) Carl Perkins
Producer(s) Steve Sholes
Elvis Presley singles chronology
"Don't Be Cruel/Hound Dog"
(1956)		"Blue Suede Shoes"
(1956)		"I Got A Woman"
(1956)

During the 1940s and 1950s, it was common to record and release cover versions of hit songs, often in different styles or genres. RCA Victor wanted to promote Elvis Presley as a rock-and-roll artist, and believed a Presley cover of "Blue Suede Shoes" could outsell the Perkins/Sun Records version, especially with RCA's larger share of distribution and radio contacts. Presley, who had been signed at Sun Records and knew Perkins and Phillips, was reluctant to record a competing version. He eventually agreed to record the song if the company would delay its release as a single. Presley's version, recorded at RCA Victor Studios in New York City, features two guitar solos by Scotty Moore, with Bill Black on double bass and D.J. Fontana on drums. [28]

According to Moore, when the song was recorded, "We just went in there and started playing, just winged it. Just followed however Elvis felt." According to reports confirmed by Sam Phillips, RCA Victor producer Steve Sholes agreed not to release Presley's version of the song as a single while Perkins' release was hot. [29] Moore has said that Presley recorded the song to help out Perkins after his accident. "Elvis wasn't really thinking at that time that it was going to make money for Carl; he was doing it as more of a tribute type thing. Of course, Carl was glad he did. It really helped as his record started going down." [30]

Presley performed the song on national television three times in 1956. The first was February 11 on Stage Show. He also performed it again on his third appearance on Stage Show on March 17, and again on the Milton Berle Show on April 3. On July 1, Steve Allen introduced Presley on The Steve Allen Show. Presley, dressed in formal evening wear, said, "I think that I have on something tonight that's not quite right for evening wear," and showed the audience his blue suede shoes. [31]

"Blue Suede Shoes" was the opening track on the groundbreaking album Elvis Presley , which was released in March. RCA Victor released two other records with "Blue Suede Shoes" the same month: an extended play with four songs (RCA Victor EPA 747) and a double extended play with eight songs (RCA Victor EPB 1254). RCA Victor released the Presley version as a single on September 8, one of a number of singles RCA issued simultaneously, all culled from the album Elvis Presley. This single reached number 20, whereas Perkins' version had topped the chart. In 1999, Presley's version was certified as a gold record by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), [32] while in 2023, the British Phonographic Industry (BPI) certified the song silver for sales and streaming figures exceeding 200,000 units. [33]

Legacy

"Blue Suede Shoes" was chosen by the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as one of the "500 Songs That Shaped Rock and Roll". In 1986, Perkins' version was inducted in the Grammy Hall of Fame and in 1999, National Public Radio included "Blue Suede Shoes" in the NPR 100, in which NPR's music editors sought to compile the 100 most important American musical works of the 20th century.

In 2004, Perkins's version was ranked number 95 on Rolling Stone 's list of "The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time." [34] Presley's recording of the song was also on the list, ranked number 423. The National Recording Preservation Board included the song in the National Recording Registry of the Library of Congress in 2006. [35] The board annually selects songs that are "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant."

As a rock-and-roll standard, "Blue Suede Shoes" has been performed and recorded by many artists. In 1969, a live performance by John Lennon and the Plastic Ono Band was included on Live Peace in Toronto 1969 . An album review described it as one of the album's "blues-based oldies ... they lay it down in a dignified, noisy, glorified garage band manner". [36]

One of the characters in the 1993 ClayFighter video game is called Blue Suede Goo, which is a parody of "Blue Suede Shoes." He is an Elvis impersonator with wildly exaggerated features, including a big gut and even bigger hair.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Carl Perkins</span> American guitarist (1932–1998)

Carl Lee Perkins was an American guitarist, singer and songwriter. A rockabilly great and pioneer of rock and roll, he began his recording career at the Sun Studio, in Memphis, beginning in 1954. Among his best-known songs are "Blue Suede Shoes", "Honey Don't", "Matchbox" and "Everybody's Trying to Be My Baby".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Scotty Moore</span> American guitarist (1931–2016)

Winfield Scott Moore III was an American guitarist who formed The Blue Moon Boys in 1954, Elvis Presley's backing band. He was studio and touring guitarist for Presley between 1954 and 1968.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rockabilly</span> Early style of rock and roll music

Rockabilly is one of the earliest styles of rock and roll music. It dates back to the early 1950s in the United States, especially the South. As a genre it blends the sound of Western musical styles such as country with that of rhythm and blues, leading to what is considered "classic" rock and roll. Some have also described it as a blend of bluegrass with rock and roll. The term "rockabilly" itself is a portmanteau of "rock" and "hillbilly", the latter a reference to the country music that contributed strongly to the style. Other important influences on rockabilly include western swing, boogie-woogie, jump blues, and electric blues.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bill Black</span> American bassist (1926–1965)

William Patton Black Jr. was an American musician and bandleader who is noted as one of the pioneers of rock and roll. He played in Elvis Presley's early trio, The Blue Moon Boys. Black later formed Bill Black's Combo.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sun Studio</span> Historic recording studio in Memphis, Tennessee, United States

Sun Studio is a recording studio opened by rock-and-roll pioneer Sam Phillips at 706 Union Avenue in Memphis, Tennessee, on January 3, 1950. It was originally called Memphis Recording Service, sharing the same building with the Sun Records label business. The Sun label that was housed within the studio played a large role in Elvis Presley's early career.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">That's All Right</span> 1946 song by Arthur Crudup

"That's All Right" is a song written and originally performed by the American blues singer Arthur Crudup and recorded in 1946. It was rereleased in early March 1949 by RCA Victor under the title "That's All Right, Mama", which was issued as RCA's first rhythm and blues record on its new 45 rpm single format.

<i>Elvis Presley</i> (album) 1956 studio album by Elvis Presley

Elvis Presley is the debut studio album by American rock and roll singer Elvis Presley. It was released by RCA Victor, on March 23, 1956,. The recording sessions took place on January 10 and January 11 at the RCA Victor Studios in Nashville, Tennessee, and on January 30 and January 31 at the RCA Victor studios in New York. Additional material originated from sessions at Sun Studio in Memphis, Tennessee, on July 5, August 19 and September 10, 1954, and on July 11, 1955.

"Blue Moon of Kentucky" is a waltz written in 1945 by bluegrass musician Bill Monroe and recorded by his band, the Blue Grass Boys. Some think the origins may trace back to "Roll Along, Kentucky Moon", a similar waltz recorded 20 years prior by Jimmie Rodgers. The song has since been recorded by many artists, including Elvis Presley, Paul McCartney. The song is the official bluegrass song of Kentucky.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Honey Don't</span> Rockabilly song by Carl Perkins

"Honey Don't" is a song written by Carl Perkins, originally released on January 1, 1956 as the B-side of the "Blue Suede Shoes" single, Sun 234. Both songs became rockabilly classics. Bill Dahl of Allmusic praised the song saying, "'Honey Don't' actually outclasses its more celebrated platter-mate in some ways." It has been covered by more than 20 other artists, including the Beatles, Ronnie Hawkins and Johnny Rivers. The song has appeared in films such as The Prince of Tides, Diner, and Perfect Sisters.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Million Dollar Quartet</span> 1956 recording of Elvis Presley, Jerry Lee Lewis, Carl Perkins, and Johnny Cash performing together

"Million Dollar Quartet" is a recording of an impromptu jam session involving Elvis Presley, Jerry Lee Lewis, Carl Perkins, and Johnny Cash made on December 4, 1956, at the Sun Record Studios in Memphis, Tennessee. An article about the session was published in the Memphis Press-Scimitar under the title "Million Dollar Quartet". The recording was first released in Europe in 1981 as The Million Dollar Quartet with 17 tracks. A few years later more tracks were discovered and released as The Complete Million Dollar Session. In 1990, the recordings were released in the United States as Elvis Presley: The Million Dollar Quartet. This session is considered a seminal moment in rock and roll.

<i>Elvis Golden Records</i> 1958 greatest hits album by Elvis Presley

Elvis' Golden Records is a compilation album by American rock and roll singer Elvis Presley, issued by RCA Victor in March 1958. It compiled his hit singles released in 1956 and 1957, and is widely believed to be the first greatest hits album in rock and roll history. It is the first of five RCA Victor Elvis' Golden/Gold Records compilations, the first four of which were issued during Presley's lifetime. The album peaked at number three on the Billboard Top Pop Albums chart and was certified 6× platinum on August 17, 1999, by the Recording Industry Association of America.

<i>Blue Suede Shoes: A Rockabilly Session</i> 1986 live album by Carl Perkins

Blue Suede Shoes: A Rockabilly Session was a televised concert that was taped live at Limehouse Studios in London, England on 21 October 1985. The show featured rock n' roll pioneer Carl Perkins along with friends as guest stars, including former Beatles George Harrison and Ringo Starr, Eric Clapton, Rosanne Cash, Phantom, Rocker & Slick, and Dave Edmunds. Most of the repertoire performed in the concert consisted of Perkins' classic rockabilly songs from the 1950s.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Movie Magg</span> 1955 single by Carl Perkins

"Movie Magg" is a 1955 rockabilly song written by Carl Perkins and released on Flip Records, a subsidiary of Sun Records. Perkins had written the song at the age of thirteen. It was based on the true story of Perkins' girlfriend Maggie and their occasional trips to the movies at the weekends. Being the son of a poor sharecropper, Perkins did not have a car to drive Maggie to the picture show, so the pair rode on the back of his mule, Becky.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Glad All Over (Carl Perkins song)</span> 1957 song recorded by Carl Perkins

"Glad All Over" is a 1957 song recorded by rock and roll and rockabilly artist Carl Perkins, "The Rockin' Guitar Man", at Sun Records in 1957. It was released as a 45 and 78 single, Sun 287, on January 6, 1958. It was written by Aaron Schroeder, Sid Tepper, and Roy Bennett. It is not the same song as the single "Glad All Over" released in 1963 by The Dave Clark Five.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sure to Fall (in Love with You)</span> 1955 song by Carl Perkins

"Sure to Fall (in Love with You)" is a 1955 song written by Carl Perkins, Bill Cantrell, and Quinton Claunch. It was recorded by Carl Perkins in December 1955 and was planned for release as the follow-up to "Blue Suede Shoes". Carl and Jay Perkins were on vocals. The song was not issued, however, as a single on the Sun Records label at that time. A test pressing was made. Sam Phillips circulated dubs or acetates to local radio stations of the proposed single. The Sun catalogue number was 235 backed with Perkins' song "Tennessee" on the B-side. The Sun master numbers assigned to the two sides were U 177 and U 178. Liner notes for the Rhino Records release of Carl Perkins' Original Sun Greatest Hits, however, listed the single as being issued at the time as 235DJ, available to disc jockeys only. The songs were released, however, on the 1957 Sun LP, Dance Album of Carl Perkins, 1225, re-released as Teen Beat; The Best of Carl Perkins in 1961. This album was also released in the UK on London as HA-S 2202, and is how the Beatles heard the songs. The song also appeared on Sun EP 115 released in 1961. Sun Records under Shelby Singleton did release a "Sure to Fall"/"Tennessee" single, Sun Golden Treasure Series, Sun 5, but it was in the late 1970s, when the Carl Perkins 45s were re-released.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Boppin' the Blues</span>

"Boppin' the Blues" is a 1956 song written by Carl Perkins and Howard "Curley" Griffin and released as a single on Sun Records in May 1956. The single was released as a 45 and 78, Sun 243, backed with "All Mama's Children", a song co-written by Perkins with Sun labelmate Johnny Cash.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Your True Love</span>

"Your True Love" is a 1957 song written by Carl Perkins and released as a single on Sun Records. The single was released as a 45 and 78 backed with "Matchbox" in February, 1957. The recording, Sun 261, reached no. 13 on the Billboard country and western chart and no. 67 on the Billboard pop singles chart that year. The song was recorded on Tuesday, December 4, 1956 when Elvis Presley made a surprise visit to Sun Studios at 706 Union in Memphis, Tennessee. Johnny Cash and Jerry Lee Lewis also participated in the impromptu jam session that day known as the Million Dollar Quartet. Jerry Lee Lewis also played piano on the recording.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Birth of Rock and Roll</span> 1986 single by Carl Perkins

"Birth of Rock and Roll" is a 1986 song written by Carl Perkins and Greg Perkins. The song was featured on the Class of '55 album which included performances with Johnny Cash, Roy Orbison, and Jerry Lee Lewis. "Birth of Rock and Roll" was released as a 7" single with a picture sleeve, 885 760–7, on the Smash/America label copyrighted by PolyGram Records produced by Chips Moman. The single reached No. 31 on the Billboard country chart and No. 44 on the Canadian country chart in 1986. The B side was "Rock and Roll (Fais-Do-Do)" which featured Johnny Cash, Jerry Lee Lewis, and Roy Orbison. The theme of the song “Birth of Rock and Roll" is about how "Memphis gave birth to rock and roll" in the 1950s at Sun Records. A video of the song was also made featuring Carl Perkins, Jerry Lee Lewis, and Ronnie Wood of The Rolling Stones as they drove to the historic Sun studios in Memphis, Tennessee in a white Cadillac convertible.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Restless (Carl Perkins song)</span>

"Restless" is a 1968 song written by Carl Perkins and released as a single on Columbia Records. In 1991, it was recorded by Mark O'Connor in collaboration with Vince Gill, Steve Wariner, and Ricky Skaggs under the credit Mark O'Connor and the New Nashville Cats.

References

  1. ↑ Billboard January 21, 1956, page 47
  2. ↑ Retrieved 10.2012 Archived September 22, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
  3. ↑ Cash, Johnny; Carr, Patrick (1999). Cash: the Autobiography. London: HarperCollins. p. 94. ISBN   978-0-00-274025-8 – via Internet Archive.
  4. ↑ Naylor, Jerry, and Steve Halliday, Rockabilly Legends, p. 131.
  5. ↑ Perkins, Carl; McGee, David (1996). Go, Cat, Go!. New York: Hyperion Press. p. 129. ISBN   0-7868-6073-1. OCLC   32895064.
  6. ↑ Perkins and McGee (1996), p. 130.
  7. ↑ Rockabilly Legends by Jerry Naylor and Steve Halliday p. 131; also on DVD
  8. ↑ "The Top Beats the Bottom: Carl Perkins and his Music". The Atlantic . December 1970. p. 100.
  9. ↑ Carl Perkins interviewed on the Pop Chronicles (1969)
  10. ↑ Spitzer, Nick (February 7, 2000). "The Story of 'Blue Suede Shoes'" (audio file). NPR.org. NPR. Retrieved February 24, 2019. It was Sun Records owner and producer Sam Phillips who convinced Perkins to change the opening from "go, boy, go" to "go, cat, go." Phillips was trying to hip up the 22-year-old from Lakeland (sic) County in northwest Tennessee, and that was no small task.
  11. 1 2 Perkins and McGee (1996), pp. 152, 153.
  12. 1 2 Perkins and McGee (1996), p. 157.
  13. ↑ Perkins and McGee (1996), p.158.
  14. ↑ "Big D Jamboree". Rockabillyhall.com. Retrieved April 21, 2011.
  15. ↑ Perkins and McGee (1996), pp. 156–157.
  16. ↑ Poore, Billy (1998). Rockabilly: A Forty-year Journey. Hal Leonard Corporation. ISBN   978-0-7935-9142-8.
  17. ↑ Naylor, Jerry. Rockabilly Legends. p. 137, ISBN   978-1-4234-2042-2.
  18. ↑ Perkins and McGee (1996), p. 163.
  19. ↑ Szatmary, David P. (2014). Rockin' in Time . Pearson. p. 38. ISBN   978-0-205-93624-3.
  20. ↑ Perkins and McGee (1996), pp. 178, 180.
  21. ↑ Perkins and McGee (1996), p. 187.
  22. ↑ Szatmary (2014), p. 38.
  23. ↑ Perkins and McGee (1996), p. 187.
  24. ↑ The Atlantic. December 1970. p. 102.
  25. ↑ "The Story of 'Blue Suede Shoes'". NPR.org. February 7, 2000.
  26. ↑ Perkins and McGee (1996), pp. 188, 344.
  27. ↑ "McCartney buys rights to Carl Perkins' catalogue". ABC News. April 4, 2003.
  28. ↑ Burke, Ken; Griffin, Dan (2006). The Blue Moon Boys: The Story of Elvis Presley's Band . Chicago Review Press, pp. 87–88. ISBN   1-55652-614-8.
  29. ↑ Perkins and McGee (1996), pp. 162, 163.
  30. ↑ Burke and Griffin (2006), p. 88.
  31. ↑ Elvis. Vol. 1. Home Video Syndications, 1990.
  32. ↑ "American certifications – Elvis Presley – Blue Suede Shoes". Recording Industry Association of America.
  33. ↑ "British certifications – Elvis Presley – Blue Suede Shoes". British Phonographic Industry . Retrieved August 21, 2023.
  34. ↑ "The RS 500 Greatest Songs of All Time". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on April 16, 2007. Retrieved June 2, 2007.
  35. ↑ "About This Program". The Library of Congress.
  36. ↑ Ginell, Richard S. "John Lennon/ Plastic Ono Band: Live Peace in Toronto 1969 – Review". AllMusic . Retrieved April 27, 2021.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.