Boris Shraiman | |
---|---|
Born | 1956 Leningrad (now St. Petersburg), USSR |
Citizenship | USA |
Education | University of Lowell (BS) Harvard University (PhD) |
Known for | Statistical Physics and Physics of Living Matter |
Awards | Member, National Academy of Sciences (2011) Fellow, American Physical Society (1998) Susan F. Gurley Chair in Theoretical Physics and Biology (2009) |
Scientific career | |
Institutions | University of California, Santa Barbara Rutgers University Bell Labs University of Chicago |
Thesis | Application of the Renormalization Group Methods to the Study of Critical Transitions in Dynamical Systems. (1983) |
Doctoral advisor | Paul Cecil Martin [1] |
Website | www |
Boris Shraiman is a theoretical physicist working on statistical physics and biology. He is a Permanent Member of the Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics and the Susan F Gurley Professor of Theoretical Physics and Biology at the University of California, Santa Barbara. [2]
Shraiman earned a PhD from Harvard in 1983 and did postdoctoral work at the University of Chicago in the James Franck Institute. In his early work, Shraiman addressed how dynamical systems transition to chaos and how patterns form in viscous flows and dendritic growth. [3] [4] He moved to Bell Labs, where he worked on quantum materials, [5] [6] then later became a professor at Rutgers University in 2002 and the University of California, Santa Barbara in 2004. He has advanced the understanding of turbulent fluids, [7] [8] and since the 1990s, his work has built connections between statistical physics and biological problems. [9] In particular, his research has pointed to the interplay between mechanics and morphogenesis, which addresses the problem of "growth and form" in animal development, [10] [11] and developed models to describe evolutionary dynamics in populations such as influenza. [12] [13] He became a member of the National Academy of Sciences in 2011. [14]
In theoretical physics, a roton is an elementary excitation, or quasiparticle, seen in superfluid helium-4 and Bose–Einstein condensates with long-range dipolar interactions or spin-orbit coupling. The dispersion relation of elementary excitations in this superfluid shows a linear increase from the origin, but exhibits first a maximum and then a minimum in energy as the momentum increases. Excitations with momenta in the linear region are called phonons; those with momenta close to the minimum are called rotons. Excitations with momenta near the maximum are called maxons.
Self-organized criticality (SOC) is a property of dynamical systems that have a critical point as an attractor. Their macroscopic behavior thus displays the spatial or temporal scale-invariance characteristic of the critical point of a phase transition, but without the need to tune control parameters to a precise value, because the system, effectively, tunes itself as it evolves towards criticality.
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Victor Galitski is an American physicist, a theorist in the areas of condensed matter physics and quantum physics.
In condensed matter physics and black hole physics, the Sachdev–Ye–Kitaev (SYK) model is an exactly solvable model initially proposed by Subir Sachdev and Jinwu Ye, and later modified by Alexei Kitaev to the present commonly used form. The model is believed to bring insights into the understanding of strongly correlated materials and it also has a close relation with the discrete model of AdS/CFT. Many condensed matter systems, such as quantum dot coupled to topological superconducting wires, graphene flake with irregular boundary, and kagome optical lattice with impurities, are proposed to be modeled by it. Some variants of the model are amenable to digital quantum simulation, with pioneering experiments implemented in a NMR setting.
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Devarajan (Dave) Thirumalai, an Indian-born American physicist, is the Collie-Welch Reagents Professor in Chemistry at the University of Texas at Austin. His research spans equilibrium and non-equilibrium statistical mechanics, such as the transition from liquid to amorphous state, polymer-colloid interactions, and protein and RNA folding. He is known for his contributions to the theories of protein/RNA folding, protein aggregation, glasses, and biological machines. He also does research in intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs), organization and dynamics of chromosome and cell biophysics. Prior to moving to the University of Texas at Austin, he was a distinguished university professor in the University of Maryland from 2010 to 2015.
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