Boston Navy Yard

Last updated

Boston Naval Shipyard
Charlestown Navy Yard Mystic Wharf Map 1912.jpg
1912 Map of the Charlestown Navy Yard and Mystic Wharf
LocationSoutheast of Chelsea Street, Charlestown, Boston, Massachusetts
Coordinates 42°22′34″N71°3′9″W / 42.37611°N 71.05250°W / 42.37611; -71.05250 Coordinates: 42°22′34″N71°3′9″W / 42.37611°N 71.05250°W / 42.37611; -71.05250
Built1800
ArchitectAlexander Parris, et al.
NRHP reference No. 66000134 [1]
Added to NRHP15 November 1966
Boston Naval Shipyard
Boston, Massachusetts
TypeShipyard
Site information
Controlled by United States Navy
Site history
Built1800
In use1801–1975
Naval installations in Boston in World War II Boston Harbor World War II naval installations.pdf
Naval installations in Boston in World War II
Aerial view of the Boston Navy Yard in April 1960. Aerial view of the Boston Naval Shipyard in April 1960.jpg
Aerial view of the Boston Navy Yard in April 1960.
The South Boston Naval Annex, circa 1958 South Boston Naval Annex and South Boston Army Base, circa 1958.jpg
The South Boston Naval Annex, circa 1958

The Boston Navy Yard, originally called the Charlestown Navy Yard and later Boston Naval Shipyard, was one of the oldest shipbuilding facilities in the United States Navy. It was established in 1801 as part of the recent establishment of the new U.S. Department of the Navy in 1798. After 175 years of military service, it was decommissioned as a naval installation on 1 July 1974.

Contents

The 30-acre (12 ha) property is administered by the National Park Service, becoming part of Boston National Historical Park. Enough of the yard remains in operation to support the moored USS Constitution ("Old Ironsides") of 1797, built as one of the original six heavy frigates for the revived American navy, and the oldest warship still commissioned in the United States Navy and afloat in the world. USS Cassin Young (DD-793), a 1943 World War II-era Fletcher-class destroyer serving as a museum ship, is also berthed here. The museum area includes a dock which is a stop on the MBTA Boat water transport system. Among local people in the area and the National Park Service, it is still known as the Charlestown Navy Yard. [2]

The South Boston Naval Annex was located along the waterfront in South Boston, an annex of the Navy Yard from 1920 to 1974. Other annexes of the Navy Yard during World War II were the Chelsea Naval Annex (formerly the Green Shipyard, now the Fitzgerald Shipyard), [3] East Boston Naval Annex, and Boston Naval Yard Fuel Depot Annex. [4] [5]

History

The earliest naval shipbuilding activities in Charlestown, Massachusetts across the Charles River and Boston harbor to the north from the city of Boston, began during the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783). The Charlestown Arsenal of United States Army was established in 1794. [6] Shortly thereafter, in 1800, the land for the Charlestown Navy Yard was purchased by the United States government and the yard itself was established. The yard built the first U.S. ship of the line, USS Independence in 1814, and at least twelve small vessels for the American Civil War, but was primarily a repair and storage facility until the 1890s, when it started to build steel ships for the "New Navy". By then, it was called the Boston Navy Yard.

On 24 June 1833, the staff and dignitaries including then Vice President Martin Van Buren, Secretary of War Lewis Cass, Secretary of the Navy Levi Woodbury, and many Massachusetts officials, witnessed "one of the great events of American naval history": the early United States frigate Constitution was inaugurating the first naval drydock in New England designed by prominent civil engineer Loammi Baldwin, Jr. [7]

The ropewalk supplied cordage used in the Navy from the time it opened in 1837 until the Yard closed in 1975. After the Civil War (1861–1865), the Yard was downgraded to an Equipment and Recruit Facility. [8]

In the late 1880s and 1890s, the Navy began expanding again bringing into service new modern steel-hulled steam-powered warships and that brought new life to the Yard. In the first years of the 20th century, a second drydock was added. During World War II (1939/1941–1945), it worked to fix British Royal Navy warships and merchant transports damaged by the Nazi Germans when crossing the North Atlantic Ocean. On 27 September 1941—Liberty Fleet Day—Boston launched two destroyers, USS Cowie and the USS Knight. Even before the U.S. entered the Second World War after the Pearl Harbor attack on 7 December 1941, a month before in November, Boston was one of four United States naval shipyards selected to build Captain-classfrigates under the Lend-Lease military assistance program for the Royal Navy. Since the United States was at war when these ships were finally completed, some were later requisitioned and used by the United States Navy as destroyer escorts. [9]

In the post war period, the shipyard modified World War II ships for Cold War (1945–1991) service through Fleet Rehabilitation and Modernization (FRAM). The Korean War (1950–1953), and Vietnam War (1964–1975) did not bring much work to the yard since it was so far from the fighting.[ citation needed ] The Yard closed after the Vietnam War.

It was also the location of the Marine Barracks Boston.

Dry Docks and Slipways

Dock No.Material of which dock is constructedLengthWidthDepthDate CompletedSource
1Granite348 feet 11 inches (106.35 m)86 feet (26 m)25 feet 5 inches (7.75 m)1833 [10]
2Granite and concrete719 feet 1 inch (219.18 m)114 feet (35 m)30 feet 4 inches (9.25 m)1905
5Concrete and steel518 feet 3 inches (157.96 m)98 feet 6 inches (30.02 m)21 feet (6.4 m)1942
South Boston Annex
3Granite and concrete1,158 feet 9 inches (353.19 m)149 feet (45 m)44 feet 9 inches (13.64 m)1919
4Reinforced concrete687 feet 6 inches (209.55 m)104 feet (32 m)36 feet (11 m)1943
January 1, 1946
Shipbuilding waysWidthLengthSource
1100 feet (30 m)445 feet (136 m) [11]
2110 feet (34 m)425 feet (130 m)

Ships built at Boston Navy Yard

Current use

When ideas were floated for redevelopment of the yard, one of the people's popular idea was to have the yard turned into a construction yard for oil tankers. [12] Ultimately, these plans fell through, and the site became part of the Boston National Historical Park. Its mission is, "to interpret the art and history of naval shipbuilding". [8]

The Boston Navy Yard hosts many attractions, including Charlestown Naval Shipyard Park. The fully commissioned USS Constitution and the museum ship USS Cassin Young (DD-793) are tied up at Pier 1 and open to the public. [13] The Navy Yard also hosts the USS Constitution Museum. Dry Dock No. 1 is still used for ship maintenance for Constitution and Cassin Young. [14] In May 2015, Constitution entered the dry dock for three years of repairs. [15]

The Yard is toward the north end of the Freedom Trail. The MBTA Boat stops at nearby Pier 4, providing easy visitor access to the Yard. The campus of the MGH Institute of Health Professions occupies seven buildings in the Yard, including classroom, office, and clinical space. Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and multiple Massachusetts General Hospital research laboratories occupy the perimeter.

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Puget Sound Naval Shipyard</span> United States historic place

Puget Sound Naval Shipyard, officially Puget Sound Naval Shipyard and Intermediate Maintenance Facility, is a United States Navy shipyard covering 179 acres (0.7 km2) on Puget Sound at Bremerton, Washington in uninterrupted use since its establishment in 1891; it has also been known as Navy Yard Puget Sound, Bremerton Navy Yard, and the Bremerton Naval Complex.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Norfolk Naval Shipyard</span> American Navy Shipyard

The Norfolk Naval Shipyard, often called the Norfolk Navy Yard and abbreviated as NNSY, is a U.S. Navy facility in Portsmouth, Virginia, for building, remodeling and repairing the Navy's ships. It is the oldest and largest industrial facility that belongs to the U.S. Navy as well as the most comprehensive. Located on the Elizabeth River, the yard is just a short distance upriver from its mouth at Hampton Roads.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Philadelphia Naval Shipyard</span> Naval shipyard of the United States

The Philadelphia Naval Shipyard was an important naval shipyard of the United States for almost two centuries.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Shipyard</span> Place where ships are built and repaired

A shipyard is a place where ships are built and repaired. These can be yachts, military vessels, cruise liners or other cargo or passenger ships. Dockyards are sometimes more associated with maintenance and basing activities than shipyards, which are sometimes associated more with initial construction. The terms are routinely used interchangeably, in part because the evolution of dockyards and shipyards has often caused them to change or merge roles.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Vigor Shipyards</span> Major American shipyard company

Vigor Shipyards is the current entity operating the former Todd Shipyards after its acquisition in 2011. Todd Shipyards was founded in 1916, which owned and operated shipyards on the West Coast of the United States, East Coast of the United States and the Gulf. Todd Shipyards were a major part of the Emergency Shipbuilding Program for World War II.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation</span> 1905–1997 shipbuilding company in the United States

Bethlehem Steel Corporation Shipbuilding Division was created in 1905 when the Bethlehem Steel Corporation of Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, acquired the San Francisco shipyard Union Iron Works. In 1917 it was incorporated as Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation, Limited.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fore River Shipyard</span> Shipyard in Massachusetts, United States

Fore River Shipyard was a shipyard owned by General Dynamics Corporation located on Weymouth Fore River in Braintree and Quincy, Massachusetts. It began operations in 1883 in Braintree, and moved to its final location on Quincy Point in 1901. In 1913, it was purchased by Bethlehem Steel, and later transferred to Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation. It was sold to General Dynamics in 1963, and closed in 1986. During its operation, yardworkers constructed hundreds of ships, for both military and civilian clients.

USS <i>Cassin Young</i> Fletcher-class destroyer

USS Cassin Young (DD-793) is a Fletcher-class destroyer of the U.S. Navy named for Captain Cassin Young (1894–1942), who was awarded the Medal of Honor for his heroism at the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and killed in the Naval Battle of Guadalcanal in the fall of 1942.

USS <i>Kidd</i> (DD-661) US Navy Fletcher-class destroyer

USS Kidd (DD-661), a Fletcher-class destroyer, was the first ship of the United States Navy to be named after Rear Admiral Isaac C. Kidd, who died on the bridge of his flagship USS Arizona during the 1941 Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. Admiral Kidd was the first US flag officer to die during World War II and the first American admiral ever to be killed in action. A National Historic Landmark, she is now a museum ship, berthed on the Mississippi River in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, and is the only surviving US destroyer still in her World War II configuration.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Boston National Historical Park</span> National Historical Park of the United States

The Boston National Historical Park is an association of sites that showcase Boston's role in the American Revolution and other parts of history. It was designated a national park on October 1, 1974. Seven of the eight sites are connected by the Freedom Trail, a walking tour of downtown Boston. All eight properties are National Historic Landmarks.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Charleston Naval Shipyard</span> Former U.S. Navy ship building and repair facility

Charleston Naval Shipyard was a U.S. Navy ship building and repair facility located along the west bank of the Cooper River, in North Charleston, South Carolina and part of Naval Base Charleston.

USS <i>Smalley</i> Fletcher-class destroyer

USS Smalley (DD-565), was a Fletcher-class destroyer of the United States Navy.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Federal Shipbuilding and Drydock Company</span> 1917–1948 shipbuilding company in the United States

The Federal Shipbuilding and Drydock Company was a United States shipyard, active from 1917 to 1948. It was founded during World War I to build ships for the United States Shipping Board. During World War II, it built ships as part of the U.S. Government's Emergency Shipbuilding program. Operated by a subsidiary of the United States Steel Corporation, the shipyard was located at Kearny Point where the mouth of the Hackensack River meets Newark Bay in the Port of New York and New Jersey. The shipyard site is now part of River Terminal, a massive distribution facility that is partially a foreign trade zone.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Seattle-Tacoma Shipbuilding Corporation</span>

The Seattle-Tacoma Shipbuilding Corporation was a United States corporation which built escort carriers, destroyers, cargo ships and auxiliaries for the United States Navy and merchant marine during World War II in two yards in Puget Sound, Washington. It was the largest producer of destroyers (45) on the West Coast and the largest producer of escort carriers of various classes (56) of any United States yard active during World War II.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Drydock Number One, Norfolk Naval Shipyard</span> United States historic place

Drydock Number One is the oldest operational drydock facility in the United States. Located in Norfolk Naval Shipyard in Portsmouth, Virginia, it was put into service in 1834, and has been in service since then. Its history includes the refitting of USS Merrimack, which was modified to be the Confederate Navy ironclad CSS Virginia. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1971.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">South Boston Naval Annex</span>

The South Boston Naval Annex, was a 167-acre (68 ha) United States Navy shipyard annex located in South Boston. It was the annex of the Boston Navy Yard, and was operational from the 1920 to 1974, when it was closed along with the main shipyard. The annex is also home to Dry Dock Number 3, one of the largest dry docks on the East Coast. Most of the former annex site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2022.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Puget Sound Naval Shipyard Historic District</span> Historic district in Washington, United States

Puget Sound Naval Shipyard is a large military-industrial complex located in Bremerton, Washington along the north shore of Sinclair Inlet, which opens to Puget Sound. This large shipyard is 1.5 miles (2.4 km) in length along the shore and over a half-mile in width at its greatest distance across. The shipyard has nearly 1,000 facilities such as shipfitters shops, repair shops, drydocks, piers, cranes, crane rails, railways, and tunnels. In addition to the industrial facilities, supporting structures include: residences for officers and enlisted personnel, recreation facilities, boiler, electrical substations, fuel tanks, medical facilities, and canteens. The historic district is just over a tenth of the entire shipyard, 189 acres of the shipyard's 1,347 acres. Its greatest significance was during the Second World War when it repaired large warships damaged in the Pacific theater. It was designated a National Historic Landmark District in 1992.

YFD-2 United States Navy drydock

YFD-2 was an auxiliary floating drydock built for the United States Navy in 1901. The first parts were laid down in early 1901 at Maryland Steel Co. of Sparrows Point, Maryland. YFD-2 was the first of its kind, steel movable auxiliary floating drydock, used to raise large ships out the water for repair below the ship's waterline. YFD-2 had a 18,000 tons lifting capacity.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Naval Operating Base Terminal Island</span> World War II Naval Base in Los Angeles

Naval Operating Base Terminal Island, was United States Navy base founded on 25 September 1941 to support the World War II efforts in the Pacific War. Naval Operating Base Terminal Island was founded by combining Naval Facilities in cities of San Pedro, Long Beach and Wilmington, California under one command. Much of the base was on the man-made Terminal Island, and harbor in San Pedro Bay. The harbor was made through the construction of a large breakwater system.

References

  1. "National Register Information System  (#66000134)". National Register of Historic Places . National Park Service. 23 January 2007.
  2. Charlestown Navy Yard, National Park Service Archived 7 December 2004 at the Wayback Machine
  3. History of the Fitzgerald Shipyard at fitzgeraldshipyard.com
  4. Charlestown Navy Yard : Boston National Historical Park, Massachusetts. Washington, DC: National Park Service. 1995. p.  64. ISBN   0912627603.
  5. Boston Navy Yard in WWII at nps.gov
  6. Thomas, Matthew (2013). Historic Powder Houses of New England: Arsenals of American Independence. The History Press. p. 80.
  7. Historic Naval Ships Association Archived 1 March 2009 at the Wayback Machine
  8. 1 2 Charlestown Navy Yard: The Shipyard on the Charles Archived 1 January 2007 at the Wayback Machine
  9. Franklin, Bruce Hampton (1999) The Buckley-class Destroyer Escorts Naval Institute Press ISBN   1-55750-280-3 page 7
  10. Gardiner Fassett, Frederick (1948). The Shipbuilding Business in the United States of America. Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers. p. 179.
  11. Gardiner Fassett, Frederick, The Shipbuilding Business in the United States of America, p. 177
  12. "NEW ENGLAND: Bases for Sale". New England: Time, Inc. 1 July 1974. Archived from the original on 25 December 2007. Retrieved 4 November 2009.
  13. As Constitution is a US Navy ship, consult her official website Archived 13 February 2007 at the Wayback Machine before visiting.
  14. Carlson, Stephen P. "Dry Dock No. 1, Charlestown Navy Yard". Historic Naval Ships Association. Retrieved 8 September 2019.
  15. LaGrone, Sam (19 May 2015). "USS Constitution Enters Dry Dock for Three Years of Repairs". USNI News. Retrieved 8 September 2019.