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Philip II of Macedon was the king (basileus) of the ancient kingdom of Macedonia from 359 BC until his death in 336 BC. He was a member of the Argead dynasty, founders of the ancient kingdom, and the father of Alexander the Great.
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Audata was an Illyrian princess and wife of Philip II of Macedon.
The Illyrian Kingdom was an Illyrian political entity that existed on the western part of the Balkan Peninsula in ancient times. Regardless of the number of the alternately ruling dynasties, of their tribal affiliation, and of the actual extension of their kingdom, it represented an alliance of Illyrian tribes that united under the rulership of a single leader, expressly referred to as "King of the Illyrians" in ancient historical records.
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Glaucias was a ruler of the Taulantian kingdom which dominated southern Illyrian affairs in the second half of the 4th century BC. Glaucias is first mentioned as bringing a considerable force to the assistance of Bardylis' son Cleitus, an Illyrian prince who revolted against Alexander the Great, in the battle of Pelium 335 BC. They were, however, both defeated, and Cleitus was forced to take refuge within the Taulantian territories, whither Alexander did not pursue him, his attention being called elsewhere by the news of the revolt of Thebes.
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The kingdom of Macedonia was an ancient state in what is now the Macedonian region of northern Greece, founded in the mid-7th century BC during the period of Archaic Greece and lasting until the mid-2nd century BC. Led first by the Argead dynasty of kings, Macedonia became a vassal state of the Achaemenid Empire of ancient Persia during the reigns of Amyntas I of Macedon and his son Alexander I of Macedon. The period of Achaemenid Macedonia came to an end in roughly 479 BC with the ultimate Greek victory against the second Persian invasion of Greece led by Xerxes I and the withdrawal of Persian forces from the European mainland.
References
- ↑ Heckel, Waldemar (2021-06-30). Who's Who in the Age of Alexander and his Successors: From Chaironeia to Ipsos (338–301 BC). Greenhill Books. ISBN 978-1-78438-649-8.
An unnamed Illyrian queen, killed in single combat by the young princess Kynnane (no. 634), the daughter of Philip II and Audata-Eurydike (Polyaenus 8.60). Berve II 229 dates her death to c.344/3,
- ↑ Lightman, Marjorie; Lightman, Benjamin (2008). A to Z of Ancient Greek and Roman Women. New York, NY: Facts on File. p. 101. ISBN 978-0-8160-6710-7.
- ↑ Mayor, Adrienne (2016-02-09). The Amazons: Lives and Legends of Warrior Women across the Ancient World. Princeton University Press. p. 329. ISBN 978-0-691-17027-5.
In about 343 BC, young Cynna led an army against an Illyrian force; she personally slew many Illyrians and killed their queen Caeria with a blow to the throat.
- ↑ Polyaenus 5 - Women
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