Double tap

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A double tap is a shooting technique where two shots are fired in rapid succession at the same target with the same sight picture (as opposed to the controlled pair, whereby a second sighting is acquired for the second shot). [1] [2] [3] Instruction and practice of the double-tap improves accuracy as shooters often do not have the gun fully extended on the first shot meaning the second shot of a double tap is usually more accurate. [4] The term hammer is sometimes used to describe a double tap in which the firearm's sights are not reacquired by the shooter between shots. [2] [3]

Contents

History

The origin of the double-tap technique is credited to William Ewart Fairbairn and Eric A. Sykes, British police chiefs working in Shanghai during the 1930s who developed the technique in order to overcome the limitations of full-metal-jacketed (FMJ) ammunition. FMJ ammunition is commonly used by militaries for feeding reliability, adherence to the Hague Conventions regarding non-expanding ammunition, and improved penetration. FMJ rounds can sometimes fail to cause sufficient damage (at least when compared to expanding bullets), requiring more hits and better shot placement. In Ian Dear's book Sabotage and Subversion about British Special Operations Executive (SOE) and United States Office of Strategic Services (OSS) forces, Fairbairn is reported to have instructed SOE personnel in the double tap from 1944 to 1945 at the SOE training school directed by Fairbairn and Sykes near Arisaig in Scotland. The term double tap is now used to describe the more general technique of firing two rounds quickly and accurately to disable an opponent. The tactic is still used by firearms handlers, police tactical teams, military personnel, counter-terrorist combat units, and other special operations forces personnel.

The Russian assault rifle AN-94 can automatically shoot two bullets in a rapid burst; this feature was intended to improve the single shot hit probability of the rifle.

Double taps are an integral part of the El Presidente combat pistol shooting drill developed by Jeff Cooper during the 1970s and published in the January/February 1979 issue of American Handgunner . [5] Also developed by Cooper during the 1970s is the Mozambique Drill or Failure Drill, for a situation whereby a double-tap to the torso fails to stop an attacker, adding a third shot to the head. [6]

Technique

In the double-tap technique, after the first round is fired, the shooter quickly reacquires the sights for a fast second shot. This skill can be practiced by firing two shots at a time, taking time between the shots to reacquire the sights. With practice, the time between shots becomes briefer and briefer until it seems to an observer as if the shooter is just pulling the trigger twice very quickly.

According to a U.S. Army training manual, "There is a natural arc of the front sight post after the round is fired and the recoil kicks in. The soldier lets the barrel go with this arc and immediately brings the front sight post back on target and takes a second shot. The soldier does not fight the recoil. In combat, soldiers shoot until the enemy goes down. For multiple targets, each target should receive a double tap. After all targets are engaged, soldiers engage the targets again as needed." [7]

Double-tap strike

The term has also been used more recently to refer to the practice of following a strike, e.g., a missile, air strikes, artillery shelling or improvised explosive device attack with a second strike several minutes later, hitting emergency responders and medical personnel rushing to the site. [8] [9] [10] [11] A Florida Law Review article argued that the practice likely is a war crime since it grossly violates the Geneva Conventions of 1949, which prohibit targeting civilians, the wounded, or those no longer able to continue fighting. [12]

Double-tap strikes have been used by Saudi Arabia during its military intervention in Yemen, [13] [14] by the United States in Pakistan and Yemen, [15] [16] [17] and most recently by Israel in Gaza, [18] by Russia and the Syrian government in the Syrian civil war [19] [20] and by Russia in the Russo-Ukrainian War, especially in the full-scale invasion in 2022. [21]

See also

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References

  1. ↑ "GunTec Dictionary". MidwayUSA. Archived from the original on 2008-05-30. Retrieved 2007-09-08.
  2. 1 2 "A Glossary of Terms Relating to Firearms" . Retrieved 2007-09-08.
  3. 1 2 Wilson, Sheriff Jim (30 December 2011). "Talking Double". Shooting Illustrated. National Rifle Association of America. Retrieved 28 January 2015.
  4. ↑ Usher, Jerry (December 2000). "Double Taps". Handguns. 14. 12: 12.
  5. ↑ Cooper, Jeff (1979). "El Presidente". American Handgunner. 24 (1): 22.
  6. ↑ Bertomen, Lindsey (November 2007). "An emergency within an emergency". Law Enforcement Technology. 11. 34: 86–89.
  7. ↑ "Lesson 18. Close Quarters Combat". United States Army. Archived from the original on 19 September 2016. Retrieved 15 September 2016.
  8. ↑ "Double Tap Strikes: Deliberate Attacks on First Responders in Syria and Yemen – Defenders for Medical Impartiality". defendmedicalimpartiality.org. Retrieved 2018-08-10.
  9. ↑ Woods, Chris; Yusufzai, Mushtaq (August 1, 2013). "Drone strikes in Pakistan -- Get the Data: The return of double-tap drone strikes". The Bureau of Investigative Journalism. Archived from the original on 7 August 2015. Retrieved 24 August 2015.
  10. ↑ Julian Thompson; Marius Rehn; Hans Morten Lossius; David Lockey (24 September 2014). "Risks to emergency medical responders at terrorist incidents: a narrative review of the medical literature". Critical Care. 18 (5): 521. doi: 10.1186/s13054-014-0521-1 . PMC   4422304 . PMID   25323086.
  11. ↑ "Secondary Devices a Primary Concern | Office of Justice Programs". www.ojp.gov. Retrieved 2023-08-09.
  12. ↑ Alexander, Samuel (2018-02-21). "Double-Tap Warfare: Should President Obama Be Investigated for War Crimes?". Florida Law Review. 69 (1): 261. ISSN   1045-4241.
  13. ↑ Dehghan, Saeed (16 September 2016). "'After an hour the plane came back': repeated airstrikes take toll on Yemeni civilians". theguardian.com.
  14. ↑ "The Human Rights Abuses in Yemen's "Forgotten War"". Time. 2016-10-12. Retrieved 2023-08-08.
  15. ↑ Taylor, Jerome (2012-09-25). "Outrage at CIA's deadly 'double tap' drone". London: Independent. Retrieved 2013-05-25.
  16. ↑ Friedersdorf, Conor (2013-10-24). "Drone Attacks at Funerals of People Killed in Drone Strikes". The Atlantic. Retrieved 2019-04-29.
  17. ↑ "Drones kill rescuers in 'double tap', say activists". BBC News. 2013-10-22. Retrieved 2021-02-21.
  18. ↑ Bachmann, Jutta; Baldwin-Ragaven, Laurel; Hougen, Hans-Petter; Leaning, Jennifer; Kelly, Karen; Özkalipci, Önder; Reynolds, Louis; Vacas, Alicia (January 20, 2015). "Gaza 2014 - Findings of an Independent Medical Fact-Finding Mission" (PDF). Physicians for Human Rights Israel. Retrieved 24 August 2015.
  19. ↑ "Idlib 'double tap' air strikes: Who's to blame?". BBC News. Retrieved 2019-08-31.
  20. ↑ Parker, Claire (2022-07-22). "Russia and Syria conducted dozens of illegal 'double tap' strikes, report says". Washington Post. ISSN   0190-8286 . Retrieved 2023-08-08.
  21. ↑ Epstein, Jake. "Russia is bombing the same targets moments apart to kill Ukrainian rescue crews that arrive to save survivors". Business Insider. Retrieved 2023-08-08.
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