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Panama elects on national level a head of state, i.e. the president, and a legislature. The president and the vice-president are elected on one ballot for a five-year term by the people. The National Assembly (Asamblea Nacional) has 71 members, elected for a five-year term in single-seat and multi-seat constituencies.
Panama has a multi-party system, with numerous parties in which no one party often has a chance of gaining power alone, and parties must work with each other to form coalition governments.
| Position | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Type | Presidential (May) National Congress (May) Gubernatorial (May) | None | Presidential (May) National Congress (May) Gubernatorial (May) | |||
| President and vice president | President and vice president | None | President and vice president | |||
| National Congress | All seats | None | All seats | |||
| Provinces, cities and municipalities | All positions | None | All positions | |||
| Position | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Type | Presidential (July) National Congress (July) Gubernatorial (July) | None | Presidential (July) National Congress (July) Gubernatorial (July) | |||
| President and vice president | 1 July | None | 1 July | |||
| National Congress | 1 July | None | 1 July | |||
| Provinces, cities and municipalities | 1 July | None | 1 July | |||
| Candidate | Party or alliance | Votes | % | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Laurentino Cortizo | Joining Forces | Democratic Revolutionary Party | 609,638 | 31.03 | ||
| Nationalist Republican Liberal Movement | 45,664 | 2.32 | ||||
| Total | 655,302 | 33.35 | ||||
| Rómulo Roux | Change to Wake Up | Democratic Change | 564,297 | 28.72 | ||
| Alliance Party | 44,706 | 2.28 | ||||
| Total | 609,003 | 31.00 | ||||
| Ricardo Lombana | Independent | 368,962 | 18.78 | |||
| José Blandón | Panama We Can | Panameñista Party | 174,113 | 8.86 | ||
| People's Party | 38,818 | 1.98 | ||||
| Total | 212,931 | 10.84 | ||||
| Ana Matilde Gómez | Independent | 93,631 | 4.77 | |||
| Saúl Méndez | Broad Front for Democracy | 13,540 | 0.69 | |||
| Marco Ameglio | Independent | 11,408 | 0.58 | |||
| Total | 1,964,777 | 100.00 | ||||
| Valid votes | 1,964,777 | 97.58 | ||||
| Invalid/blank votes | 48,656 | 2.42 | ||||
| Total votes | 2,013,433 | 100.00 | ||||
| Registered voters/turnout | 2,757,823 | 73.01 | ||||
| Source: Election Tribunal | ||||||
 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Votes | % | Seats | +/– | |
| Democratic Revolutionary Party | 542,105 | 29.99 | 35 | +9 | |
| Democratic Change | 405,798 | 22.45 | 18 | –6 | |
| Panameñista Party | 312,635 | 17.30 | 8 | –8 | |
| Nationalist Republican Liberal Movement | 92,340 | 5.11 | 5 | +3 | |
| People's Party | 65,028 | 3.60 | 0 | –1 | |
| Alliance Party | 43,670 | 2.42 | 0 | –1 | |
| Broad Front for Democracy | 22,711 | 1.26 | 0 | 0 | |
| Independents | 323,153 | 17.88 | 5 | +4 | |
| Total | 1,807,440 | 100.00 | 71 | 0 | |
| Valid votes | 1,807,440 | 92.68 | |||
| Invalid/blank votes | 142,663 | 7.32 | |||
| Total votes | 1,950,103 | 100.00 | |||
| Source: Tribunal Electoral | |||||
The following members were elected:
The politics of Panama take place in a framework of a presidential representative democratic republic with multi-party system, whereby the President of Panama is both head of state and head of government.
The Nationalist Republican Liberal Movement is a centre-right conservative-liberal political party in Panama.
Democratic Change is a centre-right political party in Panama.
The Panameñista Party is a nationalist political party in Panama. It was the third largest party by number of adherents with 256,138 members.
The LVI Legislature of the Congress of Mexico met from 1994 to 1997.
General elections were held in Panama on May 3, 2009.
The 13th Pan American Games were held in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada from July 23 to August 8, 1999.
Juan Carlos Varela Rodríguez is a Panamanian businessman and former politician who served as the 37th President of Panama from 2014 to 2019. Varela previously was Vice President of Panama from 2009 to 2014 and Minister of Foreign Relations from 2009 to 2011 under President Ricardo Martinelli. He presided over the Panameñistas, the third-largest political party in Panama, from 2006 to 2016.
The Constituent Assembly was the tenth Constituent Assembly of Peru, convened by the government of General Francisco Morales Bermudez to facilitate the return of democracy following a decade of the self-styled Revolutionary Government of the Armed Forces. It was settled on 28 July 1978 and was led by Víctor Raúl Haya de la Torre, historical leader of the American Popular Revolutionary Alliance. Its main mission was to develop a new constitution replacing the old 1933 Constitution. This new Constitution was enacted and promulgated on 12 July 1979, and entered into force on 28 July 1980, on the opening of the constitutional government of the architect Fernando Belaúnde Terry. It was replaced 14 years later by the 1993 Constitution.
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Rubén De León Sánchez is a Panamanian politician of the Democratic Revolutionary Party (PRD) who served as the President of the National Assembly of Panama from 1 July 2015 until 1 July 2017.
General elections were held in Panama on 5 May 2019. Due to constitutional term limits, incumbent President Juan Carlos Varela was ineligible for a second consecutive term. Businessman and politician Laurentino Cortizo of the centre-left Democratic Revolutionary Party won the election with around 33% of the vote, narrowly defeating Rómulo Roux of the centre-right Democratic Change, who won 31% of the vote. The PRD also won a majority in the National Assembly. The ruling Panameñista Party of President Juan Carlos Varela suffered its worst result in history. Its candidate, Panama City mayor José Isabel Blandón, received only 11% of the vote and came in fourth behind independent candidate Ricardo Lombana. The party also lost half its seats in the National Assembly.
This is the list of members elected in the 1999 Constituent National Assembly of Venezuela.
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Edison Augusto Broce Urriola is a Panamanian independent politician, lawyer, and environmental advocate serving as a member of parliament in the National Assembly of Panama for the 2019-2024 legislative term.
The following squads were named for the 1953 South American Championship that took place in Peru.
General elections were held in Panama on 5 May 2024 to elect a new President of Panama, members of the National Assembly and local governments. Due to constitutional term limits, incumbent president Laurentino Cortizo was ineligible for a second consecutive term. The winners of the general election, including the new president of Panama, will be inaugurated on 1 July.
Amada María Ortíz is an Ecuadorian politician who is an independent member of the National Assembly of Ecuador representing the Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas Province. She was a member of the Democratic Left until 2021.
A series of protests began in Panama on 20 October 2023 following the immediate passing of a 20-to-40-year mining contract between the government of Panama and First Quantum Minerals, the operator of Cobre Panamá, the largest open-pit copper mine in Central America, placed 20 minutes away from the western coast of Colon Province and within a protected area of the Mesoamerican Biological Corridor.
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