Fort Apache (film)

Last updated

Fort Apache
Fortapache1948.jpg
Spanish-language theatrical release poster
Directed by John Ford
Written by Frank S. Nugent
Based on"Massacre"
1947 story The Saturday Evening Post
by James Warner Bellah
Produced by
Starring
Cinematography Archie Stout, ASC
Edited by Jack Murray
Music by Richard Hageman
Production
company
Distributed by RKO Radio Pictures
Release date
  • March 27, 1948 (1948-03-27) [1]
Running time
125 minutes
CountryUnited States
LanguageEnglish
Budget$2.1 million [2]
Box office$3 million (US rentals) [3]

Fort Apache is a 1948 American Western film directed by John Ford and starring John Wayne and Henry Fonda. [4] [5] The film was the first of the director's "Cavalry Trilogy" and was followed by She Wore a Yellow Ribbon (1949) and Rio Grande (1950), both also starring Wayne. The screenplay was inspired by James Warner Bellah's short story "Massacre" (1947). The historical sources for "Massacre" have been attributed both to George Armstrong Custer and the Battle of Little Bighorn and to the Fetterman Fight. [6]

Contents

The film was one of the first to present an authentic and sympathetic view of Native Americans. In his review of the DVD release of Fort Apache in 2012, The New York Times movie critic Dave Kehr called it "one of the great achievements of classical American cinema, a film of immense complexity that never fails to reveal new shadings with each viewing" and "among the first 'pro-Indian' Westerns" in its portrayal of indigenous Americans with "sympathy and respect". [7]

The film was awarded the Best Director and Best Cinematography awards by the Locarno International Film Festival of Locarno, Switzerland. Screenwriter Frank S. Nugent was nominated for best screenplay by the Writers Guild of America.

Plot

After the American Civil War, highly respected veteran Captain Kirby York is the acting commander at Fort Apache, an isolated U.S. cavalry post on the Arizona frontier. York commanded his own regiment during the Civil War and had learned the ways of the Apache. To universal surprise and disappointment, the regiment is given instead to Lieutenant Colonel Owen Thursday, an acidic and abrasive martinet who had been brevetted a general during the Civil War for a valiant charge. A West Point graduate with unconcealed ambition, he regards the assignment as distasteful, unwarranted, and a serious derailment of his career.

His arrogance and overbearing egocentrism not only pervades his command but extends to his attitude towards the native Indians, whom he treats with condescension and complete disregard.

Accompanying widower Thursday is his daughter, Philadelphia. She becomes attracted to newly minted Second Lieutenant Michael O'Rourke, the son of highly regarded Sergeant Major Michael O'Rourke, the post's ranking noncom. The elder O'Rourke had been a major in the Irish Brigade during the Civil War and won the Medal of Honor, entitling his son to enter West Point and be commissioned an officer. However, the class-conscious Thursday forbids his daughter to see someone whom he does not consider an equal and a gentleman worthy of her.

When Thursday is forced to deal with unrest among the Apache, led by Cochise, he ignores York's advice to treat the tribes with honor and to remedy problems on the reservation of malnutrition, alcoholism, and decay caused by corrupt Apache agent Silas Meacham. Thursday's by-the-book rigidity prevents him from dealing with Meacham effectively, protecting him as an agent of the United States government despite his personal contempt for the man and his ways. Thursday then squanders an opportunity for peace with high-handed belligerence, and is openly disrespectful of Cochise to his face.

Using York, who has an honorable friendship with Cochise, as a cat's paw Thursday tricks the Apache warriors back from Mexico into U.S. territory. Eager for glory and recognition, he plunges headlong into an obvious ambush despite York's urgent warnings that such a charge would be suicidal. Thursday relieves York and orders him to stay back with Lt. O'Rourke and protect the supply train, replacing him with Captain Sam Collingwood.

There is both charity and sage behind Thursday's seeming sleights, as he knows his command will wiped out...including Captain Collingwood and Sgt. O'Rourke. He cannot savage his beloved Philadelphia by killing off her intended husband too, and knows that of all the officers York is best qualified to lead upon his death. Wounded and separated from his men, he borrows York's horse to return to the doomed survivors and lead them to their last. Cochise spares York and soldiers who did not participate in the battle, in respect for York and to send a message to all who witnessed the slaughter, and the gesture, should understand.

Several years later, regimental commander Lieutenant Colonel Kirby entertains a room full of Eastern correspondents. When asked if he has seen the famous painting depicting "Thursday's Charge", with the Apache massed brazenly in rows in war paint and feather bonnets awaiting Cavalry lances, he hews strictly to the fable crafted to cover Thursday's vainglorious and suicidal destruction of his command. Lying through his teeth (but not to himself) he says it is completely accurate. He then waxes on how those who died that day will never be forgotten as long as the regiment lives, and that he has an arduous campaign ahead to bring in Geronimo.

After briefly introducing his adjutant, Lt. O'Rourke, now married to Philadelphia, and calling their young son - Michael Thursday York O'Rourke - the "best soldier in the outfit", he mounts his horse and leads the regiment off after the Apaches.

Cast

Production

Screenplay

The role of Sergeant Major Michael O'Rourke (and his son) may be a thinly disguised tribute to Patrick "Paddy" O'Rorke, killed leading the 140th New York Volunteer Regiment in a desperate charge to shore up the right flank of Strong Vincent's Brigade on Little Round Top at the Battle of Gettysburg, July 2, 1863.[ citation needed ]

Filming

Some exteriors for the film's location shooting were shot in Monument Valley, Arizona. [8] The exteriors involving the fort itself and the renegade Apache agent's trading post were filmed at the Corriganville Movie Ranch, a former Simi Hills movie ranch that is now a regional park in the Simi Valley of Southern California.

Cast

At the time of filming, Shirley Temple and John Agar were married in real life.

Dick Foran sang the 1869 song "Sweet Genevieve" written by Henry Tucker.

Pedro Armendariz was a member of Mexico's Golden Age of Movies.

Reception

The film recorded a profit of $445,000 [9] (equivalent to $4,510,000in 2023 [10] ).

The film is recognized by American Film Institute in its 2008 AFI's 10 Top 10: Nominated Western film. [11]

Other rankings

Fort Apache is commonly ranked among the most significant films of the "cowboy/western" genre, including: [12]

Additionally, the principal actors were ranked (for this and their other films):

See also

Related Research Articles

<i>Stagecoach</i> (1939 film) American film by John Ford

Stagecoach is a 1939 American Western film directed by John Ford and starring Claire Trevor and John Wayne in his breakthrough role. The screenplay by Dudley Nichols is an adaptation of "The Stage to Lordsburg", a 1937 short story by Ernest Haycox. The film follows a group primarily composed of strangers riding on a stagecoach through dangerous Apache territory.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">John Ford</span> American film director (1894–1973)

John Martin Feeney, known professionally as John Ford, was an American film director and producer. He is regarded as one of the most important and influential filmmakers during the Golden Age of Hollywood, and was one of the first American directors to be recognized as an auteur. In a career of more than 50 years, he directed over 140 films between 1917 and 1965, and received six Academy Awards including a record four wins for Best Director for The Informer (1935), The Grapes of Wrath (1940), How Green Was My Valley (1941), and The Quiet Man (1952).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ward Bond</span> American actor (1903–1960)

Wardell Edwin Bond was an American film character actor who appeared in more than 200 films and starred in the NBC television series Wagon Train from 1957 to 1960. Among his best-remembered roles are Bert the cop in Frank Capra's It's a Wonderful Life (1946) and Captain Clayton in John Ford's The Searchers (1956). As a character actor, Bond frequently played cowboys, cops and soldiers.

<i>Rio Grande</i> (1950 film) 1950 film by John Ford

Rio Grande is a 1950 American romantic Western film directed by John Ford and starring John Wayne and Maureen O'Hara. It is the third installment of Ford's "Cavalry Trilogy", following two RKO Pictures releases: Fort Apache (1948) and She Wore a Yellow Ribbon (1949). Wayne plays the lead in all three films, as Captain Kirby York in Fort Apache, then as Captain Nathan Brittles in She Wore a Yellow Ribbon, and finally as a promoted Lieutenant Colonel Kirby Yorke in Rio Grande. Rio Grande's supporting cast features Ben Johnson, Claude Jarman Jr., Harry Carey Jr., Chill Wills, J. Carrol Naish, Victor McLaglen, Grant Withers, the Western singing group the Sons of the Pioneers and Stan Jones.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Apache Wars</span> Conflicts between the U.S. Army and native Apache tribe (1849–1924)

The Apache Wars were a series of armed conflicts between the United States Army and various Apache tribal confederations fought in the southwest between 1849 and 1886, though minor hostilities continued until as late as 1924. After the Mexican–American War in 1846, the United States annexed conflicted territory from Mexico which was the home of both settlers and Apache tribes. Conflicts continued as white colonizers came into traditional Apache lands to raise livestock and crops and to mine minerals.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Frank McGrath (actor)</span> American actor and stunt performer (1903–1967)

Benjamin Franklin "Frank" McGrath was an American television and film actor and stunt performer who played the comical, optimistic cook with the white beard, Charlie B. Wooster, on the western series Wagon Train for five seasons on NBC and then three seasons on ABC. McGrath appeared in all 272 episodes in the eight seasons of the series, which had ended its run only two years before his death. McGrath's Wooster character hence provided the meals and companionship for both fictional trail masters, Ward Bond as Seth Adams and John McIntire as Christopher "Chris" Hale.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Francis Ford (actor)</span> American film actor and director (1881–1953)

Francis Ford was an American film actor, writer and director. He was the mentor and elder brother of film director John Ford. As an actor, director and producer, he was one of the first filmmakers in Hollywood.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">John Doucette</span> American actor (1921–1994)

John Arthur Doucette was an American character actor who performed in more than 280 film and television productions between 1941 and 1987. A man of stocky build who possessed a deep, rich voice, he proved equally adept at portraying characters in Shakespearean plays, Westerns, and modern crime dramas. He is perhaps best remembered, however, for his villainous roles as a movie and television "tough guy".

<i>She Wore a Yellow Ribbon</i> 1949 film

She Wore a Yellow Ribbon is a 1949 American Technicolor Western film directed by John Ford and starring John Wayne. It is the second film in Ford's "Cavalry Trilogy", along with Fort Apache (1948) and Rio Grande (1950). With a budget of $1.6 million, the film was one of the most expensive Westerns made up to that time. It was a major hit for RKO. The film is named after "She Wore a Yellow Ribbon", a song popular with the US military.

<i>Hondo</i> (film) 1953 film

Hondo is a 1953 Warnercolor 3D Western film directed by John Farrow and starring John Wayne and Geraldine Page. The screenplay is based on the 1952 Collier's short story "The Gift of Cochise" by Louis L'Amour. The book Hondo was a novelization of the film also written by L'Amour, and published by Gold Medal Books in 1953. The supporting cast features Ward Bond, James Arness and Leo Gordon.

<i>Sergeant Rutledge</i> 1960 film by John Ford

Sergeant Rutledge is a 1960 American Technicolor Western film directed by John Ford and starring Jeffrey Hunter, Constance Towers, Woody Strode and Billie Burke. The title was also used for the novelization published in the same year. Six decades later, the film continues to attract attention because it was one of the first mainstream films in the U.S. to treat racism frankly and to give a starring role to an African-American actor. In 2017, film critic Richard Brody observed that "The greatest American political filmmaker, John Ford, relentlessly dramatized, in his Westerns, the mental and historical distortions arising from the country’s violent origins—including its legacy of racism, which he confronted throughout his career, nowhere more radically than in Sergeant Rutledge."

James Warner Bellah was an American Western author from the 1930s to the 1950s. His pulp-fiction writings on cavalry and Indians were published in paperbacks or serialized in the Saturday Evening Post.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Myron Healey</span> American actor (1923–2005)

Myron Daniel Healey was an American actor. He began his career in Hollywood, California during the early 1940s and eventually made hundreds of appearances in movies and on television during a career spanning more than half a century.

<i>Only the Valiant</i> 1951 film by Gordon Douglas

Only the Valiant, also known as Fort Invincible, is a 1951 American Western film produced by William Cagney, directed by Gordon Douglas and starring Gregory Peck, Barbara Payton, and Ward Bond. The screenplay was written by Edmund H. North and Harry Brown, based on the 1943 novel of the same name by Charles Marquis Warren.

<i>Indian Uprising</i> (film) 1952 film by Ray Nazarro

Indian Uprising is a 1952 American Western film directed by Ray Nazarro and starring George Montgomery, Audrey Long and Carl Benton Reid.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Harry Shannon (actor)</span> American actor (1890–1964)

Harry Shannon was an American character actor. He often appeared in Western films.

First Sergeant Rudolph Stauffer was a Swiss-born American soldier in the U.S. Army who served with the 5th U.S. Cavalry in the Apache Wars. He was one of twelve soldiers, along with ten Apache Scouts, awarded the Medal of Honor during Lieutenant Colonel George Crook's "winter campaign" of 1872–73, being cited for gallantry in battle against renegade Apaches near Camp Hualpai. Charles King, while serving with the 5th U.S. Cavalry in his youth, wrote of him in his memoirs as "grim old Stauffer, the first sergeant".

<i>The Last Outpost</i> (1951 film) 1951 film by Lewis R. Foster

The Last Outpost is a 1951 American Technicolor Western film directed by Lewis R. Foster, set in the American Civil War with brothers on opposite sides. This film is character actor Burt Mustin's film debut at the age of 67.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Historic properties in Fort Huachuca National Historic District</span>

This is a list with images of some of the historic structures and places in the Fort Huachuca National Historic District in Arizona. The district, also known as Old Fort Huachuca, is located within Fort Huachuca an active United States Army installation under the command of the United States Army Installation Management Command. The fort sits at the base of the Huachuca Mountains four miles west of the town of Sierra Vista, on AZ 90 in Cochise County, Arizona.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Henry Carroll (general)</span> American brigadier general (1836–1908)

Henry Carroll was an American brigadier general of the American Civil War and the Spanish–American War. He was known for commanding the 1st Brigade of the Cavalry Division during the Battle of San Juan Hill but was wounded during the battle and had to be succeeded by Brigadier General Samuel S. Sumner.

References

  1. "Fort Apache: Detail View". American Film Institute. Retrieved May 10, 2014.
  2. Brady, Thomas F. (September 19, 1947). "U-I BUYS 2 STORIES TO BE MADE FILMS". New York Times. p. 27.
  3. "Top Grossers of 1948". Variety. January 5, 1949. p. 46.
  4. "Fort Apache". Miniature Reviews. Variety . March 10, 1948. p. 10.
  5. Harrison's Reports film review; xxx.
  6. Howze, William (2011). "Sources for Ford's "Cavalry trilogy": The Saturday Evening Post and James Warner Bellah". Section of Howze's doctoral dissertation.
  7. Kehr, Dave (March 23, 2012). "How the West Was Filled With Loss". New York Times. Retrieved June 3, 2018.
  8. SILBERNAGEL, BOB (November 4, 2019). "John Ford, Monument Valley helped define Western mythology". The Grand Junction Daily Sentinel. Retrieved February 26, 2023.
  9. Jewell, Richard; Harbin, Vernon (1982). The RKO Story. New Rochelle, New York: Arlington House. p. 228.
  10. Johnston, Louis; Williamson, Samuel H. (2023). "What Was the U.S. GDP Then?". MeasuringWorth . Retrieved November 30, 2023. United States Gross Domestic Product deflator figures follow the MeasuringWorth series.
  11. "AFI's 10 Top 10 Nominees" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on July 16, 2011. Retrieved August 19, 2016.
  12. Smith, Travis W. (2016). "Abstract". Place Images of the American West in Western Films (PDF) (doctoral dissertation). Kansas State University . Retrieved November 1, 2020.

Further reading